Objective To investigate the value of sulindac in chemoprevention and treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC) lines (SMMC 7721 and HepG 2) were used in this study. Antiproliferation effects was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) and Bcl 2 were detected by Western dot blotting. Results The growth inhibition and apoptosis of HCC cells could be induced by sulindac in a dose and time dependent manner. The effects of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction were different between 2 cell lines. After 24 hours of incubation with sulindac at the concentration of 2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L, the expression of COX 2 and Bcl 2 were markedly reduced. Conclusions Sulindac could inhibit the growth of two HCC cell lines effectively in vitro by induction of apoptosis, which were associated with the inhibition of COX 2 and Bcl 2 expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Ca(2+) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-kappa B activation in pancreatic acinar cells and the role of NF-kappa B in LPS-induced acinar cell injury.

METHODSMale rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated by collagenase digestion, then exposed to varying concentrations of LPS (from 1 to 20 mg/L) in the presence or absence of EGTA. At various time points (30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 10 hours) after treatment with the agents, cell viability was determined by MTT. Nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B's subunit p65 was visualized by immunofluorescence staining and nuclei protein was extracted to perform EMSA which was used to assay the activity of NF-kappa B binding to the DNA sequence containing the recognition site of NF-kappa B.

RESULTSLPS induced cell damage in a time- and concentration-dependent manner while EGTA attenuated LPS-induced cell damage (P < 0.05). NF-kappa B p65 immunofluorescence staining had increased intensity in the cytoplasm and indicated that nuclear translocation occurred within 30 minutes and its zenith was reached at 1 hour after LPS (10 mg/L) treatment. Testing of NF-kappa B DNA binding activity showed the same alteration phase as p65 immunofluorescence staining. NF-kappa B activation preceded the pathological alteration of pancreatic acinar cells. The Ca(2+) chelator EGTA inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation.

CONCLUSIONSNF-kappa B activation is an important early event in LPS-induced injury to pancreatic acinar cells. Ca(2+) is an important mediator in the process of LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation.

Animals ; Calcium ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Pancreas ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the stroke burden (prevalence, incidence, and mortality) and its risk factors for men and women, urban and rural residents at the provincial level in Shandong province. Methods This study formed part of the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China (NESS?China). This population?based study included 25 190 adults living in Shandong province and was conducted in 2013. The data were derived from eight disease surveillance points (DSPs). They were located in Qingdao Shibei district, Zaozhuang Xuecheng district, Yantai Zhifu district, Laiwu Laicheng district, Yantai Penglai, Weifang Gaomi, Zaozhuang Yiyuan, Linyi Junan. All living subjects who had suffered a stroke by August 31, 2013 were considered as having a prevalent stroke. Incident stroke was defined as a first?ever stroke (both fatal and non?fatal) between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. Fatal cases of incident strokes were used to estimate stroke mortality rate. Stroke cases were subcategorized as follows:ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Stroke cases with no brain imaging within the first week of stroke onset or cases where the results of imaging were not available were classified as stroke of undetermined pathological type (UND). Results Of the 25 190 participants, 449 had experienced a prevalent stroke, 118 participants were diagnosed as having an incident stroke, 33 fatal cases were identified over the 12?month period. The crude rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 782.5 per 100 000 people, 468.4 per 100 000 person?years and 131.0 per 100 000 person?years. The age?standard rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 059.0 per 100 000 people, 279.7 per 100 000 person?years, and 76.0 per 100 000 person?years. Compared to women, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among men (1 463.3 per 100 000 people vs 2 265.0 per 100 000 people). Compared to urban residents, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among rural residents (563.7 per 100 000 people vs 2 203.6 per 100 000 people). Among all prevalent cases, there were 348 people suffering from IS, 75 cases suffering from ICH, 6 cases suffering from SAH, and 20 cases of UND. The prevalece rates of IS, ICH, SAH and UND were 1 385.5 per 100 000 people, 301.7 per 100 000 people, 23.8 per 100 000 people and 79.4 per 100 000 people, respectively. The three most prevalent risk factors in stroke cases were hypertension (66.4%), current smoking (26.1%), and alcohol drinking (24.9%). Conclusions Stroke was highly prevalent in Shandong province, China. The prevalence and incidence rates of stroke were significantly greater for men than women. Large geographical variations in the stroke burden were also observed in Shandong province, with a greater stroke burden observed in rural areas.

Objective: To investigate the stroke burden (prevalence, incidence, and mortality) and its risk factors for men and women, urban and rural residents at the provincial level in Shandong province. Methods: This study formed part of the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China (NESS-China). This population-based study included 25 190 adults living in Shandong province and was conducted in 2013. The data were derived from eight disease surveillance points (DSPs). They were located in Qingdao Shibei district, Zaozhuang Xuecheng district, Yantai Zhifu district, Laiwu Laicheng district, Yantai Penglai, Weifang Gaomi, Zaozhuang Yiyuan, Linyi Junan. All living subjects who had suffered a stroke by August 31, 2013 were considered as having a prevalent stroke. Incident stroke was defined as a first-ever stroke (both fatal and non-fatal) between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. Fatal cases of incident strokes were used to estimate stroke mortality rate. Stroke cases were subcategorized as follows: ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Stroke cases with no brain imaging within the first week of stroke onset or cases where the results of imaging were not available were classified as stroke of undetermined pathological type (UND). Results: Of the 25 190 participants, 449 had experienced a prevalent stroke, 118 participants were diagnosed as having an incident stroke, 33 fatal cases were identified over the 12-month period. The crude rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 782.5 per 100 000 people, 468.4 per 100 000 person-years and 131.0 per 100 000 person-years. The age-standard rate of prevalence, incidence and mortality were 1 059.0 per 100 000 people, 279.7 per 100 000 person-years, and 76.0 per 100 000 person-years. Compared to women, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among men (1 463.3 per 100 000 people vs 2 265.0 per 100 000 people). Compared to urban residents, the prevalence of stroke was markedly higher among rural residents (563.7 per 100 000 people vs 2 203.6 per 100 000 people). Among all prevalent cases, there were 348 people suffering from IS, 75 cases suffering from ICH, 6 cases suffering from SAH, and 20 cases of UND. The prevalece rates of IS, ICH, SAH and UND were 1 385.5 per 100 000 people, 301.7 per 100 000 people, 23.8 per 100 000 people and 79.4 per 100 000 people, respectively. The three most prevalent risk factors in stroke cases were hypertension (66.4%), current smoking (26.1%), and alcohol drinking (24.9%). Conclusions Stroke was highly prevalent in Shandong province, China. The prevalence and incidence rates of stroke were significantly greater for men than women. Large geographical variations in the stroke burden were also observed in Shandong province, with a greater stroke burden observed in rural areas.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanics of ankle cartilage and ligaments during a typical Tai Chi movement-Brush Knee and Twist Step (BKTS). The kinematic and kinetic data were acquired in one experienced male Tai Chi practitioner while performing BKTS and in normal walking. The measured parameters were used as loading and boundary conditions for further finite element analysis. This study showed that the contact stress of the ankle joint during BKTS was generally less than that during walking. However, the maximum tensile force of the anterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneofibular ligament and the posterior talofibular ligament during BKTS was 130 N, 169 N and 89 N, respectively, while it was only 57 N, 119 N and 48 N during walking. Therefore, patients with arthritis of the ankle can properly practice Tai Chi. Practitioners with sprained lateral ligaments of the ankle joint were suggested to properly reduce the ankle movement range during BKTS.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Male ; Tai Ji