Idebenone is a synthetic analogue of coenzyme Q10. As a potent antioxidant,idebenone operates under low oxygen tension situations, protects cell membranes and mitochondria from oxidative damage through inhibiting lipid peroxidation, thereby protects against cerebral ischemia and nervous system damage. Idebenone also interacts with the mitochondrial electron transport chain and maintains the formation of ATP under ischemic conditions. Because idebenone has a good tolerability and safety, it is expected as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of acute ischernic stroke. Studies in recent years have showed that idebenone has a certain therapeutic effect in a variety of nervous system diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, such as mitochodrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, Alzheimer's diseases, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. At present, some clinical trials in the mitochondria-related diseases and neuromuscular diseases are underway, and their results are expected to further expand the indications of idebenone.

Iron is an essential nutrient element for human, but has potential toxicity. Under physiological conditions, the processes of iron absorption, transportation, cellular uptake and utilization, storage, release, excretion as well as regulation of iron metabolism maintain the iron homeostasis. However under pathological conditions, the iron metabolism changes and is associated with the pathological states. In order to realize the relationship between the critical illness status and the iron metabolism, we start with an analysis of the basic processes of iron metabolism in human and the toxicity of iron, followed by summary on the alteration of iron metabolism in the settings of pathological conditions, such as inflammation, infection and anemia, which often occur in critical illness. Then, we discuss the relationship between the prognosis and the parameters of iron metabolism. Moreover, we review the current researches on treatments related to iron metabolism, which involve the iron supplementation, iron chelation and agents regulating iron metabolism.

Objective To inquire into the clinical acceptability of self-developed biochemical test system by comparing the results and bias estimation with the traceable assay system.Methods According to the requests of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) EP-9A, comparison test and bias estimation for self-developed test system and traceable Roche reference system (HITACHI 7180) were performed by using patient's sera. The self-developed system was set up as axle Y, the traceable Roche assay system as axle X and 1/2 CLIA (%) was used as the acceptable judge standard.Results The relationship of LDL-C between self-developed system and comparison system was inferior, so the results of LDL-C as well as the low values of HDL-C were of low acceptability. The comparabilities of results of ALT, urea, creatinine, TC, ApoA1 and ApoB were acceptable.Conclusion The self-developed test system must compare with traceable assay system, and estimate its clinical acceptability. The regression equation Y=bX+a can be used to correct the bias of test result.

To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Myrica rubra, fourteen compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical properties and spectroscopic data, as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol (1), myricanol (2), myricanone (3), myricanol 11-sulfate (4), myricitrin (5), quercetin (6), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (7), tamarixol (8), uvaol (9), ursolic acid (10), taraxerol (11), myricadiol (12), β-sitosterol (13) and β-daucosterol (14). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, named as 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymyricanol, compounds 8, 9 were isolated from the genus Myrica for the first time.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bacterial pneumonia and the predictive value of early serum procalcitonin (PCT) level for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis classification in patients with acute stroke. Methods The patients with acute stroke in neurological intensive care unit were enroled retrospectively and divided into either a bacterial pneumonia group or a non-infection group according to whether they had bacterial pneumonia or not. The former was redivided into a non-severe sepsis subgroup and a severe sepsis subgroup according to the sepsis classification. The demographics, baseline clinical data, and PCT level (the bacterial pneumonia group was the PCT level when infection occurred, the non-infection group was the PCT level within 24 h of admission) were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for bacterial pneumonia. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum PCT level for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis
classification. Results A total of 164 patients with acute stroke were enroled in the study, including 114 in the bacterial pneumonia group (66 in the non-severe sepsis subgroup and 48 in the severe sepsis subgroup) and 50 in the non-infection group. There were significant differences in age, fasting blood glucose level, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and PCT level between the bacterial pneumonia group and the non-infection group (P < 0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose level ≥7 mmol/L (odds ratio [ OR] 8. 488, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 2. 739 - 26. 300; P < 0. 01), GCS score ≤8 (OR 11. 361, 95% CI 2. 175 - 59. 352; P < 0. 01), and PCT level ≥0. 050 ng/ml (OR 16. 715, CI 5. 075 - 55. 049; P < 0. 01) were the independent risk factors for bacterial pneumonia. In the bacterial pneumonia group, the PCT level (median; interquartile range) in the severe sepsis subgroup was significantly higher than that in the non-severe sepsis subgroup (0. 835 [ 0. 164 - 1. 715 ] ng/ml vs. 0. 114 [0. 073 - 0. 275 ] ng/ml; Z = 4. 818, P < 0. 01 ). ROC curve analysis showed that PCT ≥0. 070 ng/ml could better predict the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia in patients with acute stroke, with sensitivity of 84. 2% , specificity of 74. 0% and the area under the ROC curve of 0. 865 (CI 0. 806 - 0. 924, P < 0. 01); PCT 0. 669 ng/mlcould better predict the occurrence of severe sepsis in acute stroke patients with bacterial pneumonia, with sensitivity of 56. 3% , specificity of 92. 4% and the area under the ROC curve of 0. 765 (CI 0. 672 - 0. 858; P < 0. 01). Conclusions The early PCT level ≥0. 050 ng/ml was an independent risk factor for occurring bacterial pneumonia in patients with acute stroke, its level had certaln predictive value for bacterial pneumonia and the severity of infection.

Objective:To construct the human DcR3 expression vector and verify its expression in vitro. Methods: 915 bp human DcR3 gene CDS was amplified from porcine lung tissues,and was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Express2 which show red fluorescence. And then pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Express2-DcR3 was transfected into LX-2 cells by FuGene HD. Expression of mRNA and protein lever of Human DcR3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:The levels of DcR3 gene transcription and translation in the hepatic stellate cells were significantly increased after transfection with pEF1a-IRES-DsRed-Ex-press2-DcR3 by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Conclusion: DcR3 expression vector was successfully constructed and highly expressed in LX-2 cells.

Objective To study the prognostic predictive value of quantitative dectroencephalography (qEEG)for patients with large middle cerebral artery infarction (LMCAI).Methods The scores of routine electroencephalography (EEG),qEEG and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of the patients within 72 hours after symptom onset were recorded.The short-term prognosis (death or survival) was evaluated at 1 month after the onset.The long-term prognosis (good or poor) was evaluated at 3 months after the onset.All the observed data in each prognostic group were compared.Results A total of 105 patients were included in the study.There were significant differences in the margin of amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) (upper margin:19.11 ± 7.80 μV vs.11.87 ±6.41 μV;t =2.392,P =0.019; lower margin:11.90 ± 4.78 μV vs.7.58 ± 4.15 μV; t =3.327,P =0.022),Synek-classification (x2 =48.114,P =0.000) between the short-term survival group and the death group; in patients with left LMCAI,there were significant differences in the absolute energy of the β-activity (13.16 ±12.66 μV2 vs.19.20 ±17.96 μV2;t =-2.781,P =0.039),spectral edge frequency 95％ (SEF95％) (9.17 ± 3.24 Hz vs.10.36 ± 3.76 Hz; t =-5.614,P =0.002) between the short-term survival group and the death group.There were significant differences in the age (59.33 ±13.67 years vs.68.87± 10.473 years; t =-3.215,P =0.002),GCS scores (10.86±2.80 vs.9.21 ±2.51;t =2.511,P =0.015),SEF95％ (13.80 ±5.40 Hz vs.10.93 ±4.68 Hz; t ＝2.311,P =0.024) and sides of infarction (x2 =4.737,P =0.030) between the long-term good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group.Conclusion qEEG can be used as an effective means of monitoring for evaluating the prognosis of patients with LMCAI.

Objective To investigate the effects of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) combined with interleukin-12 (IL-12) genes on apoptosis of hepatoma cells.Methods The hepatoma cell lines were cultured in vitro and were divided into four groups: GM-CSF transfection group,IL-12 transfection group,GM-CSF and IL-12 co-transfection group,negative control group (empty load group),respectively.The PIB-CMV3-GM-CSF and PIB-CMV3-IL-12 eukayotic expression vector was built,and 36 h after transfection,fluorescence microscope was used to detect the transfection effect;the expression level of IL-12,GM-CSF,p53,p38 and C-JUN mRNA were detected by RT-PCR,and Western blot was used to examine the expression level of IL-12,GM-CSF,p53,p38 and C-JUN protein.In addition,the flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis.Results Through fluorescence microscope,green fluorescence was observed in cells of GM-CSF transfection group,IL-12 transfection group,GM-CSF and IL-12 co-transfection group,indicating that the plasmid has successfully transferred into cells.In addition,the expression of p53mRNA in empty load group,GM-CSF transfection group,IL-12 transfection group,GM-CSF and IL-12 co-transfection group were 1.2±0.10,4.3±0.98,4.2±0.34,9.2±0.87,and the protein expression were 1.0±0.10,3.6±0.34,3.8±0.30,5.0±0.60.Compared with the empty load group,the expression level of p53 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the three plasmid transfection groups (P<0.01).The expression of p53 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in co-transfection group than GM-CSF group and IL-12 group (P<0.01),while in the comparison with GM-CSF transfection group and IL-12 transfection group,the expression level of p53mRNA and protein in the co-transfection group could be improved to a higher degree(P<0.01).Meanwhile,p38 C-JUN mRNA expression levels in empty load group,GM-CSF transfection group,IL-12 transfection group,GM-CSF and IL-12 co-transfection group were as follows: 7.5± 0.9,3.5±0.45,3.7±0.25,1.0±0.11,while p38protein expression levels were 10.1±1.03,6.1± 0.67,7.1 ± 0.61,1.0 ± 0.12,respectively,C-JUN mRNA expression levels were 11.2 ± 1.20,4.1 ± 0.19,3.3 ± 0.30,1.0 ± 0.01,separately,C-JUN protein expression levels were 2.25 ± 0.2,1.8 ± 0.13,1.4 ± 0.12,1.0 ± 0.09.P38, C-JUN mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in the three plasmid transfection groups compared with the empty load group (P<0.01).The expression of p38,C-JUN mRNA and protein were reduced to a lower degree in co-transfection group than in GM-CSF transfection group and IL-12 transfection group (P<0.01).Flow cytometer showed that the hepatoma cell apoptosis rate of the empty load group,GM-CSF transfection group,IL-12 transfection group,co-transfection group were (3.43±0.9)%,(5.87±1.02)%,(7.32±1.1)%,(17.47±2.11)%,the rates of the three plasmid transfection groups were significantly higher than that of the empty load group (P<0.01).And the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the co-transfected group compared with other plasmid groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The combination of GM-CSF and IL-12 could significantly accelerate the apoptosis of hepatoma cells by up-regulating the expression of p53,and down-regulating the expression of p38 and C-JUN.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid,vitexin glucoside,vi-texin rhamnoside,vitexin,rutin and hyperoside in Crataegus pinnatifida. METHODS:With reference peak of vitexin glucoside, HPLC was conducted to calculate the relative correction factor(RCF)of chlorogenic acid,vitexin glucoside,vitexin rhamnoside, vitexin,rutin and hyperoside,then the contents of above-mentioned 5 components in C. pinnatifida were calculated. The column was Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 350 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RE-SULTS:The linear range was 12.50-400.0 μg for chlorogenic acid(r=0.999 8),25.00-800.0 μg for vitexin glucoside(r=0.999 9), 31.25-1 000.0 μg for vitexin rhamnoside(r=0.999 9),6.470-260.0 μg for vitexin(r=0.999 9),2.50-80.0 μg for rutin(r=0.999 8) and 9.375-300.0 μg for hyperoside(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;re-coveries were 99.2%-103.9%(RSD=1.6%,n=6),97.9%-100.8%(RSD=1.2%,n=6),99.2%-100.8%(RSD=0.5%,n=6), 97.3%-101.3%(RSD=1.5%,n=6),98.0%-103.0%(RSD=1.9%,n=6)and 95.5%-101.5%(RSD=2.2%,n=6). RCFs of vitex-in glucoside with chlorogenic acid,vitexin rhamnoside,vitexin,rutin and hyperoside were 1.119,1.009,0.706,1.063 and 0.830, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibility,and it can be sued for the simultaneous determination of 6 components in C. pinnatifida.

Objective To evaluate the effect of breathing exercise program (shrinking lips abdominal breathing combined with vertical breathing gymnastics) on dyspnea, pulmonary function, exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods A total of 90 hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COPD were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 45 cases in each group. The experimental group lost one case and the control group lost three cases, 86 patients finished the experiment. During hospitalization, on the base of conventional treatment and care, the experimental group
received training of shrinking lips abdominal breathing combined with vertical breathing gymnastics after medical staff′s care, with folk music as the background. Exercise frequency:morning, afternoon, 2 times per day, 15 min per time and continue to exercise with researchers′ guidance after discharge. In the control group:take exercises by self, take routine follow-up after discharge. The intervention continued for three months. The indicators such as dyspnea, pulmonary function, exercise tolerance and life quality of both groups were assessed respectively before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in dyspnea symptoms, lung function, exercise endurance, quality of life between two groups before intervention (P>0.05). The dyspnea scored 1.43±0.87 after intervention in the experimental group, and 1.93 ±0.97 in the control group, there was significant difference (Z=-2.293, P=0.022). The 6 min walking test distance was (371.34 ± 67.74) m after intervention in the experimental group, and (301.57 ± 61.67) m in the control group, there was significant difference(t = 4.988, P =0.000). The St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (respiratory symptoms, limited activity, influence disease) score and total score were 54.73 ± 11.96, 52.55 ± 14.48, 55.45 ± 10.01, 54.56 ± 10.79 after intervention in experimental group respectively, and 61.19 ± 10.72, 61.35 ± 14.66, 60.48 ± 9.39, 60.93 ± 10.16 in the control group, there were significant differences(t=-2.815--2.397, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lung function after intervention between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The program of shrinking lips abdominal breathing combined with vertical breathing gymnastics can relieve dyspnea in patients with moderate to severe COPD, improve exercise tolerance and quality of life, which is a safe and effective rehabilitation for patients with COPD.