0.05). The scores of sub items of MMSE including place orientation,time orientation,short time memory,account ability,language expression,language repetition,figure portrayal in patients with VCI were lower than those in normal subjects (all P

Objective To assess the role of helical CT in the long-term follow-up of patients with malignant hepatic tumors treated with RFA. Methods CT findings of patients with liver malignant tumors (29 hepatocellular carcinomas and 7 metastases) were reviewed retrospectively, who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA). CT images consisted of nonenhanced and dual-phase contrast-enhanced helical CT scan, the effect of ablation therapy and tumor recurrence were detected. Results The major patterns of tumor residual or local recurrence were the lesions with thick rim or nodular peripheral enhancement in arterial phase or the lesions with gross enlargement on follow-up CT images. The complete necrosis lesions in 28 cases (77.8%) were seen on the initial postablation CT scans after a single session RFA. On the subsequent follow-up CT examination, the local intra-hepatic tumor recurrences were seen in 2 cases (5.6%) as well as the remote intra-hepatic tumor recurrences were seen in 4 cases (11.1%).Conclusion For certain patients with hepatic malignant tumors, RFA is an effective therapeutic method, and dual-phase contrast enhanced helical CT scans play a important role in long-term assessment and follow-up of patients.

Objective To study the etiology,diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).Methods Clinical data of 78 cases with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (confirmed by postoperative pathology) from January 1985 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.Results All 78 cases underwent ultrasonography,50 cases did CT scan.Preoperative diagnosis included chronic calculous cholecystitis in 60 cases,gallbladder carcinoma with cholelithiasis in 8 cases,gallbladder space-occupying lesions in 10 cases.Among those 68 cases of tentative gallstone disease,67 cases were with gallbladder neck incarcerated stones.Surgery were performed in all 78 cases including cholecystectomy in 48 cases,partial cholecystectomy or subtotal resection in 13 eases,cholecystectomy with partial hepatic wedge resection in 12 cases.Intraoperatively 5 cases were misdiagnosed as the carcinoma of the gallbladder and underwent partial liver resection along with cholecystectomy.17 cases underwent choledocholithotomy.2 cases suffered from hepatic duct injury and received Roux-en-Y hepatojejunal anastomosis.Conclusions XGC is a special type of chronic cholecystitis,and accompanied by yellow granuloma formation.Preoperative diagnosis of XGC is often difficult,the definite diagnosis depends on intraoperative fiozen and postoperative paraffin pathology.

Objective To assess clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC). Methods Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 115 cHCC-CC patients confirmed pathologically in Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University from 1995 to 2007 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates and tumor-free survival rates. Survival curves were analyzed using the log-rank test. The factors that impacted the prognosis of cHCC-CC were estimated. Results In 115 cases, one was Allen's type A, one was Allen's type B, and the other 113 were Allen's type C. Being with male in predominance, most of the cHCC-CC patients had liver cirrhosis background. They presented with elevated AFP or CA19-9, vascular invasion, resembling hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as well as lymph nodes metastasis. One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of 115 patients were 68. 1%, 38. 1% and 33.6%, respectively, with median survival time of 13.0 months. Whereas the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates in radical resected patients were 78.4 % ,44.4 % and 44.4 % ,respectively, with median survival time of 16.0 months. Tumor free survival time at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 57.8 %, 12.6 % and 0.0 %,respectively,with median recurrent time of 10.0 months. One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of 10 nonsurgical patients were 10/10,10/10 and 0/10,respectively, with median survival time of 5.3 months.TNM stage was independent factor for prognosis of the patients after resection. Whereas the lymph nodes involvement was independent factor for the tumor free survival time of radical resected patients.Conclusions Although clinicopathological characteristics of cHCC-CC are more similar to those of HCC, the prognosis of cHCC-CC is more unfavorable than that of HCC. TNM stage is an independent determinant of long time outcome for patients after resection.

Objective To compare using the transabdominal route versus the transoral route in establishing naso-biliary drainage in laparoscopic surgery.Methods The combined use of laparoscopy with choledochoscopy and duodenoscopy to establish naso-biliary drainage was carried out in 204 patients with gallbladder and common bile duct calculi.In 162 patients,the naso-biliary drainage was established transabdominally and in 42 patients it was established transorally.The success and the complication rates in the two groups were compared.Results Of 162 patients using the transabdominal route,4 patients failed.There were 6 patients (3.7％) who had no output from the nasobiliary drain.There were 3 patients (1.8％) who had only intestinal juice outflow from the nasobiliary drain.Primary closure failed in 3 patients (1.8％),all resulting in bile leak.Pancreatitis occurred in 2 patients (1.2％) after the operation.There was 1 patient (0.6％) whose nasobiliary drain was wrongly ligated.Of 42 patients with nasobiliary drainage using the transoral route,6 patients failed.There was 1 patient (2.4％) who had no output from the nasobiliary drain.There was 1 patient (2.4％) who had intestinal juice output from the nasobiliary drain.Primary closure failed in 1 patient (2.4％) with resultant bile leakage.Pancreatitis occurred in 4 patients (9.5％) after the operation.The success rate of establishing a nasobiliary drainage in the transabdominal group was significantly higher than that in the transoral group,but the complications were less.Conclusions Nasobiliary drainage established through the transabdominal route in laparoscopy surgery for patients with gallbladder and common bile duct calculi was technically easier and had a high success rate.It had less complications.

Objective To explore the effects of Pannexin1 (Px1) channel protein on osteogenic differentiation of mesen?chymal stem cells (MSCs) under mechanical stress stimulation. Methods Bone marrow was extracted from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (3 weeks, weighing 100-120 g) and cultured following 1st generation cellular technology. The safe dose of CBX (an inhibitor of Px1 channel protein) on MSCs was determined by CCK8 method and 100 μmol/L was used. The MSCs were cultured by the whole marrow culture method. When the cell was passaged to 3-4 generation, high purity of the MSCs were harvested. MSCs were divided into three groups:control group, stress?stimuli group (4 000μstrain) and stress stimuli+CBX group. The duration of stress was 15 min and CBX pre?treatment time point was 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type I collagen expression, intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration, and Px1 channel protein, p?p38MAPK and p?ERK ex?pression were determined. Results ALP activities were highest in the stress group, and it was reduced by pretreatment of CBX. Similarly, stress increased the expression of type I collagen, concentration of Ca2+, and expressions of Px1 channel protein and p?p38MAPK was reduced by CBX. p?ERK was down?regulated by stress but not affected by CBX treatment. Conclusion Mechani?cal stress could promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and this promotion was inhibited by pretreatment of CBX, which might result in regulation of p?p38MAPK.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of cystic dilatation of the cystic duct in adults.Method Clinical data of 25 cases of the cystic dilatation of cystic duct in adults in 3 hospitals in Songhuajiang river drainage area from 1991 to 2012 confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Results The 25 cases were with manifestations of chronic cholecystitis,and 14 patients with right upper quadrant recurrent biliary colic and nausea,vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms,9 patients with yellowish discoloration of sclera and skin,and fever.Ultrasonography was done in 25 cases,ERCP in 16 cases and MRCP in 9 cases,displaying liquid dark area of diameter from 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm to 2.5 cm ×2.5 cm in the gallbladder tube suspective of calculi,and characteristic dumbbell shape image.Preoperative diagnosis was cystic duct cyst with stones or gallstones which was confirmed by surgery.Gallbladder and cyst resection was performed in all 25 cases,and bile duct jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis was done in 2 of these cases because of introgenic bile duct injury.Conclusions Cysts of the cystic duct is the special type (Ⅵ type) of choledochocele,and its prognosis is good after surgical treatment.

Objective To study the cause,prevention and treatment of postpancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage.Method The clinical data of 422 patients who underwent PD in our hospital between January 2000 and January 2012 were retrospective analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage was 8.1％ (34/422),and the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).Early and delayed hemorrhage occurred in 19 and 15 patients,respectively.Intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 20 and 14 patients,respectively.For the 19 patients who underwent reoperation,the mortality was 20.6％ (7/34).When compared with the delayed hemorrhage group,the mortality of the early hemorrhage group was significantly lower (P＜0.05).Conclusions Meticulous operation and reliable hemostasis during operation and prevention of pancreatic fistula,biliary fistula and peritoneal fluid collection after operation are the key points in reducing postoperative hemorrhage.A timely and decisive reoperation is important to manage postoperative hemorrhage.

Objective:To analyze and compare difference of ultrasonic blood flow of left internal mammary artery(LIMA) and right internal mammary artery(RIMA)as graft to left anterior descending artery(LAD) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCABG).Methods:From October 2017 to October 2019, a total of 363 patients who underwent OPCAB including 329 patients in LIMA-LAD group and 34 patients in RIMA-LAD group, were included in this study. Transthoracic ultrasound examination on IMA was performed before OPCABG. The blood flow , the value of PI(pulsation index) and diastolic flow(DF) of LIMA and RIMA to left anterior descending were measured and recorded by intraoperative TTFM. Patients underwent coronary artery CT examinations at 1 week after OPCABG to discover the patency of grafts.Results:The pre-operative diameter of RIMA was larger and the blood flow and pulsation index of RIMA was better than that of LIMA before OPCABG( P<0.001). But there was no significant difference in the flow, pulsation index and DF value of graft between the two groups after IMA were anastomosed to LAD( P>0.05). In situ skeletonized graft of RIMA did not show the advantage of increased blood flow. Compared with the preoperative parameters of flow of internal mammary artery, both the left and right grafts of IMA were significantly better in blood flow and pulsation index( P<0.001). Considering the remarkable difference in age between the two groups, Flow, PI and DF were compared again after propensity score matching, and there was still no statistical difference between the two groups( P>0.05). A total of 313 patients in LIMA-LAD group completed coronary CTA examination one week after surgery, among which 4 grafts had different degrees of problems. A total of 34 patients in RIMA-LAD group completed coronary CTA examination, one case indicated that the CTA imaging in distal segment was not clear, and the other results had no obvious abnormality. There was no significant difference in postoperative rate of coronary CTA completion( P=0.381) and rate of graft failure( P=0.405) between the two groups. Conclusion:Compared with the preoperative parameters of blood flow of internal mammary artery, both the left and right IMA grafts are significantly better in flow and pulsation index. The pre-operative diameter of RIMA is larger and the blood flow and pulsation index of RIMA is better than that of LIMA before OPCABG. But there is no significant difference in the flow, pulsation index and DF value of graft between the two groups after IMA are anastomosed to LAD. In situ skeletonized graft of RIMA do not show the advantage of increased blood flow.

Aim To investigate the role of ATP-sensi-tive potassium channels-Akt pathway in exogenous hy-drogen sulfide( H2 S) inhibiting the high glucose( HG)-induced injury in H9c2 cardiac cells. Methods The expression level of Akt protein was tested by Western blot assay. The cell viability was measured by cell counter kit-8(CCK-8 assay). The number of apoptotic cells was tested by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining fol-lowed by photofluorography. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were detected by DCFH-DA staining followed by photofluorography. Mi-tochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) was examined by JC-1 staining followed by photofluorography. Results H9c2 cells were treated with 35 mmol·L-1 glucose (high glucose, HG) for 0 ~24 h respectively. After treating for 3 h, the expression level of phosphorated ( p )-Akt protein began to be obviously reduced, the maximum reduced expression level was observed after the cells were exposed to HG for 24 h. Pretreatment of the cells with 50 μmol · L-1 pinacidil ( Pin, a KATP channel opener) or 400 μmol·L-1 NaHS( a donor of H2 S) prior to exposure to HG considerably blocked the down regulation of p-Akt expression level induced by HG. However, pretreatment with 1 mmol · L-1 KATP channel blocker glibenclamide( Gli) obviously attenua-ted the inhibitory effect of NaHS on HG-induced down-regulation of p-Akt expression level. On the other hand, the protective effects of NaHS against the HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury were markedly blocked by 30 μmol·L-1 Ly294002(an inhibitor of Akt), as indicated by the decrease in cell viability and MMP dissipation as well as the increases in the number of apoptotic cells and ROS generation. Conclution KATP channels-Akt pathway mediates the protective effect of H2 S against the HG-induced cardiac injury.