Objective To investigate methods and clinical effects of limited open reduction of ankle articular surface and locking compression plate (LCP) placement using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in managing tibial Pilon fractures.Methods Twenty-one patients with tibial Pilon fractures treated between August 2009 and August 2011 were involved in the study,including 16 males and 5 females,at age of 21-68 years (average 42.3 years).According to AO/OTA classification,12 patients were with type 43B fractures and nine with type 43C fractures.There were two patients with open fractures (both Gustilo-Anderson type Ⅰ fractures).Limited open reduction of ankle articular surface plus LCP placement using MIPO were performed.Early functional training without weight-bearing was carried out postoperatively.Results Nineteen patients were followed up for 12-24 months (average 14 months).According to Burwell-Chamley' s radiological evaluation system,17 patients obtained anatomical reduction of articular surface and two patients obtained moderate reduction,but they all had bony healing.Ankle function evaluated by Mazur' s criterion were excellent in seven patients,good in 10 and fair in two,with excellence rate of 89％.Conclusion Limited open reduction combined with LCP internal fixation can successfully construct articular anatomic relationship,decrease soft tissue dissection and attain solid fixation in treatment of Pilon fractures and further facilitate functional recovery of the affected extremity in coordination with early functional exercise.

BACKGROUND:Ischiogluteal bursitis has been recognized for a long time, but its treatment stil limits to local blocking injection and surgery methods that were developed 40 years ago. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on ischiogluteal bursitis. METHODS:Data of 15 patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were colected. Al the patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were treated with bilateral platelet-rich plasma (n=10) or local blocking injection (n=5). Patients’ outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Version II and recurrence rate. The folow-up time was from 6 to 14 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in visual analogue scale score between the platelet-rich plasma group and local blocking group (F=0.219,P=0.643), but the score of visual analogue scale in the platelet-rich plasma group was higher during short-term folow-up (within 1 week after treatment), but lower in the long-term folow-up. In the aspects of overal satisfaction score, clinical effectiveness and side effects, the platelet-rich plasma group was inferior to the local blocking group at short-term folow-up, especialy at 1 week after treatment; however, these scores became better in the platelet-rich plasma group than the local blocking group during the long-term folow-up period. In addition, no statistical difference in the convenience score was found between the two groups. At the last folow-up, the recurrence rate in the platelet-rich plasma group was lower than that in the local blocking group. Both the platelet-rich plasma and local blocking injection can significantly reduce the pain of patients with ischiogluteal bursitis. Local blocking injection has better short-term effectiveness. Platelet-rich plasma injection works moderately, but its effectiveness can last for longer time, and the recurrence rate is lower.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of internal fixation with dynamic anterior plate-screw system for quadrilateral area(DAPSQ) in the treatment of complex acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.Methods Between January 2005 and January 2017,a series of 143 patients with complex quadrilateral surface fracture of the acetabulum were treated at Department of Orthopaedics,General Hospital of Central Theater Command.They were 86 males 57 females,with a mean age 46.6 years (range,from 19 to 77 years).By the Letournel-Judet classification,there were 38 anterior column plus posterior hemitransverse fractures,26 T-shaped fractures and 79 double column fractures.They were all closed.The delay from injury to surgery averaged 9.6 days(range,from 3 to 21 days).All the cases were treated with DAPSQ internal fixation via the ilioinguinal approach.Their operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,quality of fracture reduction,hip function and complications were recorded.Results The operation time for this series ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 hours,averaging 3.8 hours.The intraoperative blood bleeding ranged from 400 to 2,500 mL,with an average of 680 mL.By the Matta criteria for fracture reduction,76 cases were rated as excellent,51 as good and 16 as poor,giving an excellent and good rate of 88.8％.The 143 patients were followed up from 4 months to 10 years (mean,4.1 years).The clinical fracture union was achieved after 2 to 4 months (mean,3 months).By the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel criteria,the affected hips scored 9 to 18 points (mean,16.3 points) at the final follow-ups,with 64 excellent,52 good,19 fair and 8 poor cases,giving an excellent and good rate of 81.1％.The postoperative complications included lesion of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in 7 cases,urinary tract infection in 15 ones,traumatic osteoarthritis in 20 ones 5 of whom had to receive total hip arthroplasty,and heterotopic ossification (Brooker Grade Ⅰ) in 5 ones.Conclusion Internal fixation with DAPSQ is safe and effective for the treatment of complex acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.

Objective To study the effects of social isolation (SI)on the spatial and nonspatial cognitive ability in mice.Methods The postnatal 21 day kunming mice were divided into control group,SI 2 weeks group,SI 4 weeks group,SI 8 weeks group and SI 2 weeks gregarious group according to randomized block design,with ten animals each.SI 2 weeks group,SI 4 weeks group and SI 8 weeks group were isolated for 2,4 and 8 weeks respectively,SI 2 weeks gregarious group would be housed under normal grouped housing condition after 2 weeks isolation until adult,the relative control groups were the same age as the relative SI and SI gregarious group.All animals were measured the spatial and nonspatial cognitive ability by carrying the object recognition test(ORT) and object location test (OLT) after the treatment.Results In the ORT,compared to the relative control group,the discrimination index in the SI 2 weeks group,SI 4 weeks group and SI 8 weeks group ( ( - 0.03 ± 0.003 ),( - 0.11 ±0.02) and( - 0.21 ± 0.02 ) respectively) were strikingly lower than the relative control group ( ( 0.29 ± 0.03 ),(0.13±0.07) and (0.09 ±0.03) respectively) (P＜0.05).In the OLT,compared to the relative control group,the discrimination index in the SI 2 weeks group,SI 4 weeks group and SI 8 weeks group( ( -0.15 ±0.02),( -0.30± 0.02),( - 0.32 ± 0.02 ) respectively ) were strikingly lower than the relative control group ( (0.33 ± 0.02 ),(0.41 ± 0.03 ),(0.27 ± 0.04)respectively)(P＜ 0.05 ),while the SI 2 weeks gregarious group with the resocialization to the normal housing condition showed no change.Conclusions 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks isolation on mice lead to the spatial and nonspatial cognition deficits,while the resocialization to the normal housing condition could recover the damage.

Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of butylphthalide on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.Methods The cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by middle cerebral ischemia occlusion (MCAO).Thirty mice were divided into sham group,ischemia reperfusion group(I/R group) and butylphthalide group (NBP group) with 10 in each group.Neurological defect score and brain infarction volume were detected by TTC to evaluate the treatment effects of butylphthalide.Western blot was used to detect expression of RIP,RIP3 and AIF.Immunocoprecipitation (IP) was used to detect the interaction of AIF and RIP3.Immunofluorescence(IF) was used to detect the nuclear translocation and co-localization of AIF and RIP3.Results Compared with the I/R group,NBP treatment reduced the neurological defect score (I/R:(2.60 ± 0.22),NBP:(1.90 ± 0.23),t =2.18,P＜ 0.05) and brain infarction volume(I/R:(38.32±2.22) ％,NBP:(25.23±2.70) ％,t=3.74,P＜0.01).I/R elevated the expression of RIP1 and RIP3 whereas NBP significantly inhibited the expression of these two proteins (RIP1 (I/R:0.99±0.24,NBP:0.47±0.10,t=2.71,P＜0.05);RIP3 (I/R:0.52±0.17,NBP:0.15±0.04,t=2.87,P＜0.05)).I/R and NBP had no significant effects on the expression of AIF,but the IP results showed that I/R increased the interaction between AIF and RIP3 compared with the sham group.NBP alleviated the interaction between AIF and RIP3.IF results showed that the colocalization and nuclear expression of AIF and RIP3 increased after I/R whereas NBP treatment decreased the effect induced by I/R.Conclusion Butylphthalide alleviated cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice through inhibiting the cell necroptosis.The mechanisms may correlate with decreasing the expression of RIP1 and RIP3 and alleviating the interaction and nuclear translocation of AIF and RIP3.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcome of navigation-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and posterior percutaneous plate fixation for Day type II crescent fracture dislocation of pelvis (CFDP).Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on clinical data of 40 patients with Day type II CFDP treated in General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA from January 2012 to June 2021. There were 23 males and 17 females, with age range of 42-73 years [(54.2±7.8)years]. A total of 19 patients were treated with navigation-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation (navigation group) and 21 with posterior percutaneous plate fixation (plate group). The incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and in-hospital time were compared between the two groups. The reduction quality was evaluated by Matta radiographic standard at day 2 after surgery. The functional recovery was assessed by Majeed functional score at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 10-24 months [(13.6±2.9)months]. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and in-hospital time was (2.4±0.3)cm, (43.1±5.2)minutes, (48.4±18.4)ml and (14.4±1.9)days in navigation group, showing significant difference compared with plate group [(8.8±0.4)cm, (132.2±19.4)minutes, (302.9±57.5)ml, (18.9±3.7)days] (all P<0.01). According to Matta radiographic standard at day 2 after surgery, the excellent and good rate was 89% in navigation group (excellent in 13 patients, satisfactory in 4 and poor in 2) and 95% in plate group (excellent in 15 patients, satisfactory in 5 and poor in 1) ( P>0.05). According to Majeed criteria at 3 months after surgery, the excellent and good rate was 89% in navigation group (excellent in 12 patients, good in 5 and poor in 2) and 95% in plate group (excellent in 15 patients, good in 5 and poor in 1) ( P>0.05). According to Majeed criteria at 6 months after surgery, the excellent and good rate was 95% in navigation group (excellent in 14 patients, good in 4 and poor in 1) and 95% in plate group (excellent in 17 patients, good in 3 and poor in 1) ( P>0.05). There was no iatrogenic neurovascular injury. The incidence of complications was 11% (2/19) in navigation group, including one patients with sacroiliac screw loosening and one with posterior iliac screw penetrating the medial cortex of the bone, while that was 29% (6/21) in plate group, including two patients with skin tenderness, two with deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremity and two with incision infection ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For Day type II CFDP, both navigation-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and posterior percutaneous plate fixation can attain satisfactory efficacy, but the former has advantages of shorter operation time, less surgical trauma, less bleeding, shorter in-hospital time and lower incidence of complications.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of peroneal fracture line in the treatment of posterior Pilon fracture.Methods:The data of 26 patients treated with fibular fracture line from January 2017 to July 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, including 11 males and 15 females; the age ranged from 28 to 69 years, with an average of 42.2 years. There were 10 cases of falling injury, 9 cases of falling injury and 7 cases of traffic injury; all of them were fresh closed fibular fractures;According to Yu Guangrong's classification, there were 11 cases of type I, 8 cases of type II and 7 cases of type III; AGH was divided into 10 cases of type I, 5 cases of type IIa, 2 cases of type IIb, 5 cases of type IIIa and 4 cases of type IIIb. All cases were treated by opening the fibular fracture line through the posterolateral approach, the quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Burwell Charnley radiological evaluation standard after operation; At the last follow-up, ankle function was evaluated by American Association of Foot and Ankle surgery (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot scores.Results:All 26 patients were followed up for 12-23 months, with an average of 14.9 months; Bone healing was achieved in all fractures. The healing time was 3-6 months, with an average of 4.0 months. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated according to the Burwell Charnley radiology evaluation standard after operation, including anatomical reduction in 23 cases and acceptable reduction in 3 cases. The anatomical reduction rate was 88% (23/26). At the last follow-up, AOFAS ankle and hindfoot scores ranged from 80 to 100, with an average of 89.9 points, of which 17 cases were excellent and 9 cases were good, and the excellent and good rate was 100%. At the last follow-up, no patient had complications such as reduction loss, skin necrosis, infection, internal fixation loosening or ankle stiffness.Conclusion:After the treatment of Pilon fractures via peroneal fracture line, the distal tibial articular surface and posterior ankle fracture gap can be fully exposed, which can be repositioned and fixed under direct vision, with high anatomical repositioning rate and good and safe clinical results.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical results of miniplates combined with reconstruction plate in treating comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted for 27 patients with comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures treated in General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of PLA from October 2015 to June 2019. There were 18 males and 9 females, at age of 23-61 years［（45.9±10.9）years］. All patients were treated by using miniplates combined with the reconstruction plate. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, length of hospital stay and time of fracture healing were recorded. The reduction quality was evaluated according to Matta radiographic standard at 2 days postoperatively. The modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel score was adopted to evaluate the hip function at 3, 6 months postoperatively and the final follow-up. Postoperative complications were observed, and heterotopic ossification was assessed by Brooker grading standard.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-48 months［36（24, 36）months］. The operation time was 123-242 minutes［（165.4±29.8）minutes］; the intraoperative blood loss was 170-550 ml［（358.3±111.3）ml］; nine patients required intraoperative blood transfusion of 300-500 ml［（377.8±66.7）ml］. The length of hospital stay was 12-29 days［（21.4±4.7）days］. The fracture healing time was 12-24 weeks［（16.3±3.0）weeks］. According to Matta radiographic standard, the reduction quality was excellent in 21 patients, good in 3 and poor in 3 at 2 days postoperatively, with the excellent rate of 89%. The modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel score was 9-16 points［（13.1±1.9）points］at 3 months postoperatively, was 10-18 points［（15.4±2.0）points］at 6 months postoperatively, and was 12-18 points［（16.9±1.8）points］at last follow-up（ P<0.01）. The modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel score between 3 months and 6 months was significantly different（ P<0.01）, and the difference between 6 months and the follow-up was statistically significant（ P<0.01）. The modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel score was graded as excellent in 0 patient, good in 7, fair in 11 and poor in 9 at 3 months postoperatively, with the excellent rate of 26%; graded as excellent in 3 patients, good in 19, fair in 2 and poor in 3 at 6 months postoperatively, with the excellent rate of 81%; graded as excellent in 18 patients, good in 5, fair in 3 and poor in 1 at the last follow-up, with the excellent rate of 85%（ P<0.01）. No iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis or wound infection occurred after operation. No hardware loosening or loss of reduction occurred during the follow-up. The post-traumatic arthritis was identified in 2 patients. The avascular necrosis of femoral head was observed in 1 patient and thereafter underwent total hip replacement. The heterotopic ossification occurred in 3 patients, among which 2 patients were graded as Brooker class I and 1 as class II, but there was no adverse effect on hip function. Conclusions:Miniplates combined with reconstruction plate in the treatment of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures have reliable fixation effect and attain good reduction, high fracture healing rate, less complications and satisfactory functional recovery.

Objective:To compare the effect of interlocking intramedullary nail and locking plate in the treatment of varus proximal humeral fractures in the elderly.Method:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 46 elderly patients with varus proximal humeral fractures treated in Central Theater General Hospital of PLA from June 2016 to January 2019, including 27 males and 19 females, at age of 60-84 years［（71.9±5.7）years］. All fractures were fresh. Overall 25 patients were treated with interlocking intramedullary nail（intramedullary nail group）, and 21 patients were treated with locking plate（bone plate group）. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale（VAS）was used to evaluate the degree of pain relief at 1 week and 1 month after operation, and Constant-Murley score was used to evaluate the recovery of shoulder function at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after operation. The cervical trunk angle was recorded at 2 days and 1 year after operation to judge whether there was a loss of cervical trunk angle. Postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-32 months［（19.7±6.6）months］. The incision length［（7.1±0.6）cm］, operation time［（60.8±5.2）minutes］, intraoperative bleeding［（64.4±8.4）ml］and fracture healing time［（10.0±1.0）weeks］in intramedullary nail group were significantly less than those in bone plate group［（13.6±0.9）cm,（80.2±8.1）minutes,（151.0±15.2）ml,（11.0±1.5）weeks］（ P<0.05）. In both groups, the VAS decreased significantly over time, and markedly increased Constant-Murley score was detected as well（ P<0.05）. The VAS in intramedullary nail group［（2.8±0.2）points,（1.1±0.2）points］was significantly lower than that in bone plate group［（4.0±0.2）points,（1.5±0.1）points］at 1 week and 1 month after operation（ P<0.05）. The Constant-Murley score in intramedullary nail group［（59.9±6.9）points,（79.1±6.8）points］was higher than that in bone plate group［（50.1±8.5）points,（73.6±8.4）points］at 1 month and 3 months after operation（ P<0.05）, but the score showed no significant difference between intramedullary nail group［（89.1±5.3）points］and bone plate group［（86.4±6.4）points］at 1 year after operation（ P>0.05）. According to Constant-Murley score, 10 patients were evaluated as excellent and 15 patients as good in intramedullary nail group at 1 year after operation, with the excellent and good rate of 100%, while 8 patients were evaluated as excellent, 11 patients as good and 2 patients as fair in bone plate group at 1 year after operation, with the excellent and good rate of 91%（ P>0.05）. The cervical trunk angle in intramedullary nail group［（140.2±2.9）°,（139.6±2.3）°］had significant difference from that in bone plate group［（139.6±3.2）°,（138.8±3.3）°］at 2 days and 1 year after operation（ P<0.05）. In both groups, the cervical trunk angle had slight lost at 1 year after operation compared with that at 2 days after operation, but the difference was not statistically significant（ P>0.05）. In intramedullary nail group, 1 patient had subacromial impact. In bone plate group, 1 patient had screw cutting, 2 patients subacromial impact, and 2 patients delayed fracture healing. The incidence of complications in intramedullary nail group was 4%（1/25）, lower than 24%（5/21）in bone plate group（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with locking nail plate, interlocking intramedullary nail in the treatment of senile varus proximal humeral fracture has the advantages of small trauma, early fracture healing, less pain, early function recovery and less complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of osteotomy of non-core weight-bearing area of the lateral tibial plateau, reduction, and internal fixation in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column collapse. METHODS: A clinical data of 23 patients with tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column collapse, who had undergone osteotomy of non-core weight-bearing area of the lateral tibial plateau, reduction, and internal fixation between January 2015 and June 2021, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 9 females with an average age of 42.6 years ranging from 26 to 62 years. The causes of injury included traffic accident in 16 cases, falling from height in 5 cases, and other injuries in 2 cases. According to Schatzker classification, there were 15 cases of type Ⅴ and 8 cases of type Ⅵ. The time from injury to operation was 4-8 days with an average of 5.9 days. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and complications were recorded. The depth of articular surface collapse of posterolateral column and posterior inclination angle (PSA) of the tibial plateau were compared before operation and at 2 days and 6 months after operation; fracture reduction of tibial plateau fracture was evaluated by Rasmussen anatomic score. The recovery of knee function was evaluated by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score at 2 days and 6 months after operation. RESULTS: All 23 patients were completed the operation successfully. The operation time was 120-195 minutes, with an average of 152.8 minutes; the intraoperative blood loss was 50-175 mL, with an average of 109.5 mL. All patients were followed up 12-24 months, with an average of 16.7 months. One patient had superficial wound infection after operation, and the incision healed after dressing change; primary healing of incision of other patients was obtained. The fracture healing time was 12-18 weeks, with an average of 13.7 weeks. No failure of internal fixation, varus and valgus deformity of the knee joint, and instability of the knee joint was found at last follow-up. One patient developed joint stiffness and the range of motion of the knee joint was 10°-100°; the range of motion of the knee joint of other patients was 0°-125°. At 2 days and 6 months after operation, the depth of articular surface collapse of posterolateral column, PSA, and Rasmussen anatomic scores significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two postoperative time points ( P>0.05). The HSS score at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that at 2 days after operation ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION For tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column collapse, reduction and internal fixation through osteotomy of non-core weight-bearing area of the lateral tibial plateau has the advantages of fully expose the posterolateral column fragment, good articular surface reduction, sufficient bone grafting, and fewer postoperative complications. It is beneficial to restore knee joint function and can be widely used in clinic.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Tibial Plateau Fractures ; Treatment Outcome ; Bone Plates ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Knee Joint ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Osteotomy ; Weight-Bearing