The G protein-coupled receptor family C,member 5,group A (GPRC5A) gene is known as retinoic acid-induced gene,which is mainly distributed in lung tissue.The expression of GPRC5A in lung cancer is significantly decreased compared with normal lung.GPRC5A leads to lung cancer through knockout mice,which is proven to be a suppressor gene of lung cancer.GPRC5A may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer and a new target for the treatment of lung cancer.

Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with occurrence and development of tumor.MiRNA are very stable in blood serum,significantly tumor-related and tissue-specific.The detection of serum miRNA is convenient,little-invasive and fast,and then serum miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis.

It is difficult to resect completely for brain glioma with surgery because of the characteristic of strong invasion and no obvious verge with the brain tissue, and result in easily recurrentshort life time and high mortality. Radiotherapy is important for patients after surgery. The factor of prognosis include ageKarnofsky score, pathology and degree of invasion. Recently, the improvement of new equipment and technology provide the more approach for brain glioma. The paper make a summary of current situation and progress for radiotherapy of brain glioma.

Purpose:To study the effects and efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-DCRT) for brain gliomas. Methods:Thirty cases of brain gliomas were treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.Of these 21 patients had nesidual tumor after operation, 5 were post-operative recurrent patients and 4 were post-radiotherapy recurrent patients.The total irradiation dose was 42 Gy(BED 56 Gy). All patients received 6 Gy/F.qod.Results:In the 1-3 months after 3-DCRT,the results examined by CT or MRI showed that in the 30 patients,these were CR 40.0%,PR (33.3%), NC 20.0%, PD 6.7%,The total response rate was (CR+PR) 73.3%.No acute or chronic radiation side effects were observed in the follow up .The 0.5-,1-,2-,3-year survival rates were 93.3%,77.8%,71.31%,53.18% respectively.Conclusions:The result shows that 3-DCRT of brain gliomas can improve therapeutic effect.

Hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy is capable to deliver much higher doses to the cancer than is possible with standard techniques. Recently there is data suggesting that the early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) which is not suitable to surgery is likely to benefit from this regimen, with low lung toxicity. Manyphase Ⅰ-Ⅱ studies showed that the patients with locally advanced NSCLC are well-tolerated to hypofractionated conformal radiotherapy. The model of radio-physic and relative clinical studies suggest that hy-pofractionation would not increase the risk of radiation pneumonitis compared to standard therapy.

Total body pan & scan radiotherapeutic instrument is a special bed whose heave and the vertical slide of its bedboard are controlled by the computer. The maximum vertical travel is about 2.3 meters. To distribute equal middle plane dose in the patient's body during scanning, the doctor divides the body into four segments and gives them different lengths and velocities as required. The instrument can travel as set automatically. The reliable interlock system is involved for the maximum safety. A serial of tests prove that the instrument runs stably and the dose distribution is very uniform.

Objective: To compare trophic effects of soluble substances derived from Schwann cells (SC) of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments of rats on facial motoneuron (FMN) cultures. Methods: Serum-free conditioned media of Schwann cell cultures (SC-CM) from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments in adult rats were individually collected and concentrated by ultra-filtration with molecular weight cut-off at 30 000 and 10 000. The growth activities of FMNs in vitro were determined by means of MTT assay under the condition of serum-free medium added with different components of concentrated SC-CMs (SC-CMCs). The absorbance values were then statistically analyzed. Results: Survival and growth rate of FMN cultures in four kinds of SC-CMCs were significantly higher than that in media both with serum and non-serum and the difference between SC-CMCs was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Neurotrophic molecules were predominantly protein or peptide components with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 and their trophic activity was positively related to total protein concentration in SC-CMCs. Conclusion: There were soluble trophic molecules with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 for survival and neurite growth of FMN cultures in media with SC-CMCs derived from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal rats and with SC-CMCs derived from Wallerian degenerating facial and sciatic nerves of adult rats. It might be reasonable to choose SC from sciatic nerves of rats on account of the findings from SC cultures on facial motoneurons.

Objective: To study the propagation and phenotypes changes of killer cell (CD3AK cell activated by CD3 mAb in vitro. Methods: Lymph nodes taken from lung cancer patient is dissociated into single cell suspension by mechanical method and cultured in culture medium added CD3 mAb and a little dose IL-2. We analyze cell immunophenotype by flow cytometry and proliferation by trypan blue exclusion test per 2 days. Results: Immunophenotypic analysis showed that CD3AK expressing CD3, CD8, CD56, CD25 increased, and reached a peak value which is 2.33 times than before culturing in the 8 th day. Conclusion: CD3 mAb added to the culture medium can obviously activate CD3AK cell and stimulate proliferation and keep its killer activity.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of granulocyte(-macrophage) colony stimulating factor[G(M)-CSF] inthe treatment of concomitant chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.Metheds: Fifteen patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer was received concomitant chemoradiotherapy, whilewhite blood cell count were less than 1. 5?10~9/L with grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ oral mucositis, they were subcutaneously given G(M)-CSF at dose of 100-300?g daily for 3～10 days. Results: After administration of G(M)-CSF, all of the patients had anaugmantation of white blood cell count more than 5. 0?10~9/L. Complete healing of oral mucositis occurred in 1 patient(CR), partial in 8 patients(PR), whereas 6 patients had no change and none was progressive, the objective response rate(CR+PR) was 60%. Condusions: G(M)-CSF is proved effective for oral mucositis caused by concomitant chemoradio-therapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the methods of carrying out radiotherapy quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in the whole province. Methods From 1995, radiotherapy quality control center of Zhejiang province (the guiding team consists of specialists in radiation oncology of the province) has carried out a QC and QA program including evaluation of administration, departmental infrastructure, equipment, staff and treatment for 28 centers in the whole province. The regulation and scoring system were designed and first informed to every center, with the 28 centers checked and examined by the guiding team from 1999 to 2000. Results Great variations in equipment and staff were observed among participating centers. Equipment condition was not very satisfactory. Most of the treatment protocols were reasonable except that the indication for radiotherapy was not strict enough in some centers. Conclusions It is feasible for the radiotherapy quality control center to check and examine the department of radiation oncology in the whole province. Good QC and QA is invaluable to standardize the treatment protocol and ensure the radiotherapy quality and also helpful to carry out multi center study in the future.