OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bioequiavailability of two kinds of loratadine tabletes in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:A single oral dose 40 mg of two loratadine preparations(reference and test preparations)was given to 20 volunteers(whom were divided into two groups)in a randomized cross-over study.The concentration of loratadine in plasma was determined by solid phase extraction-HPLC.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of reference and test preparations were as follows:Cmax were(17.00?3.90)and(18.41?2.58)?g?L-1;tmax were(1.06?0.25)and(0.93?0.20)h;t1/2Ke were(1.34?0.38)and(1.08?0.38)h;AUC0～∞ were(37.41?17.38)and(36.38?16.73)?g?h?L-1;AUC0～8 were(35.11?15.72)and(34.76?15.34)?g?h?L-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of the test preparation was(99.0?18.7)% as against the reference preparation,and no significant differences was noted for the two formulations in ANOVA and two-one side t test.CONCLUSION:The two formulations were bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the performances and characteristics of femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI)on MSCT. Methods Hips jointed MSCT scans of 109 cases (as case group)and the other 120 cases (as control group)were analyzed retrospec-tively,to analyze the anatomy and osseous abnomality of FAI.Alpha angle,offset,CE angle were measured.The data were tested by using t test and ANOVA test.Results There were 57 cases of osseous protuberance at the femoral head and neck joint,26 cases of the offset reduction,17 cases of over-coverage acetabulum,41 cases of over-deep acetabulum,20 cases of acetabular retroversion,57 cases of subcortical cystic degeneration at the femoral head and neck joint and 22 cases of subchondral cystic degeneration at the ace-tabulum margin.Significant statistical differences were found between case group and control group in alpha angle value,offset and CE angle (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrated that except results between the value of alpha angle of Cam-type and Mixed-type(P=0.071),Pincer-type and the control group(P=0.083)with no statistical significance,the differences between any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrated that except result between the value of offset of Cam-type and Mixed-type(P=0.561)with no statistical significance,the differences between any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrate that except results between the value of CE angle Pin-cer-type and Mixed-type (P=0.444),Cam-type and the control group (P=0.236)with no statistical significance,the differences be-tween any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Different type of FAI has its unique anatomical features.Alpha angle,offsetand CE angle for the diagnosis of FAI have important reference values.

Objective To explore the value of neutiophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL) taken from blood and urine samples in early diagnosis of acute kidney injury ( AKI) after heart valves replacement surgeries. Meth-ods A total of 56 patients received heart valves replacement surgeries were selected prospectively in this study. NGAL from blood and urine samples and serum creatinine ( Scr) were tested among them at different moments. AKI and non-AKI groups were divided based on Scr levels and the value of NGAL taken from blood and urine sam-ples was estimated in early diagnosis of AKI with receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC) . Results 16 AKIs were observed among all of them. The peak value of Scr in AKI group was shown between 12 and 24 hours after surgeries, while blood-NGAL was seen high significantly (P<0.05) since 2 hours after surgeries, peak value at 4 hours, for urine-NGAL, peak value was seen at 2 hours. The area of ROC of blood-NGAL 4 hours and urine-NGAL 2 hours after surgeries for AKI diagnosis were 0.891 and 0.934, respectively. The better sensitivity and specificity were shown in both threshold set as 50 μg/L and 110 μg/L. Conclusion Blood-NGAL and urine-NGAL can be used as early diagnostic markers of AKI after heart valves replacement surgeries, whose change is significantly earli-er than that of Scr.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide on proliferation and differentiation of human pulp cells from primary and permanent teeth.

METHODSCell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The mRNA expression levels of dentinogenesis-related factors, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and odontoclastogenesis-related factors, such as osteo- protegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), were determined by real time polymerase chain reac- tion (PCR).

RESULTSPrimary and permanent pulp cells treated with calcium hydroxide exhibited significantly lower proli- feration rates than the control cells (P<0.01). By contrast, the MTA-treated group showed significantly higher proliferation rates than the control group (P<0.01). Real time PCR results showed that calcium hydroxide-treated primary pulp cells exhi- bited significantly decreased ALP, DSPP, and OPG expression compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conversely, the MTA-treated group displayed significantly increased ALP, DSPP, and OPG expression (P<0.01). Calcium hydroxide-treated primary pulp cells also exhibited significantly upregulated RANKL expression (P < 0.01); by contrast, MTA-treated cells did not show any change in RANKL expression (P>0.05). Likewise, MTA-treated permanent pulp cells showed significantly upregulated ALP and DSPP expression (P < 0.01). However, the calcium hydroxide-treated group remained almost the same as the control group (P > 0.05). Neither MTA nor calcium hydroxide affected OPG and RANKL expression in per- manent pulp cells (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMTA is more suitable as a pulp-capping agent, particularly in primary teeth, than calcium hydroxide.

Aluminum Compounds ; Calcium Compounds ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Drug Combinations ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Humans ; Oxides ; Phosphoproteins ; Sialoglycoproteins ; Silicates

Objective: To compare trophic effects of soluble substances derived from Schwann cells (SC) of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments of rats on facial motoneuron (FMN) cultures. Methods: Serum-free conditioned media of Schwann cell cultures (SC-CM) from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments in adult rats were individually collected and concentrated by ultra-filtration with molecular weight cut-off at 30 000 and 10 000. The growth activities of FMNs in vitro were determined by means of MTT assay under the condition of serum-free medium added with different components of concentrated SC-CMs (SC-CMCs). The absorbance values were then statistically analyzed. Results: Survival and growth rate of FMN cultures in four kinds of SC-CMCs were significantly higher than that in media both with serum and non-serum and the difference between SC-CMCs was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Neurotrophic molecules were predominantly protein or peptide components with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 and their trophic activity was positively related to total protein concentration in SC-CMCs. Conclusion: There were soluble trophic molecules with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 for survival and neurite growth of FMN cultures in media with SC-CMCs derived from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal rats and with SC-CMCs derived from Wallerian degenerating facial and sciatic nerves of adult rats. It might be reasonable to choose SC from sciatic nerves of rats on account of the findings from SC cultures on facial motoneurons.

Objective To investigate the preventing and curative value of endoscopic injectim sclerotherapy underlying endoscopic variceal ligations in the treatment of the patients suffering form esophageal varix recurrence.Methods The endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was performed to the patients whose esophageal varix varnished or nearly varnished after the endoscopic variceal ligation.Results There were sinificant differences (P ＜ 0.05 ) between the group of the endoscopic variceal ligation combining more dose laurornacrogol and the group of the single endoscopic variceal ligation at the recurrence rate of bleeding.No severe complications were observed during the treatments.Conclusion The endoscopic injection clerotherapy of more amount doses lauromacrogol after the endoscopic variceal ligation can signiticantly reduce residual esophageal varix after the endoscopic variceal ligation and dday esophageal varix recurrrence.

Objective To study the expression of CD163 in macrophages and sCD163 level in the serum of neonatal rat model of Escherichia coli (E. coli) sepsis. Methods A total of 72 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) neonatal rats (P7) were randomly and equally assigned into experiment group and control group. E. coli was injected peritoneally and the sepsis model was established in the experiential group while normal saline (NS) was injected in the control group. Samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h and 48 h after the treatment. CD163 expression in macrophages of lung and liver tissues were tested using immunohistochemical(IHC) method, and the dynamic changes of sCD163 concentration in the serum were monitored usingenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results In the experiment group, CD163 expression in macrophages of lung and liver were gradually decreased at eachtime point (P <0. 001). At 2 h, CD163 expression in macrophages showed no significant differences between the two groups (P >0. 05). At 4 h and later timepoints, the differences were statistically significant (P <0. 001) . Meanwhile, sCD163 in the serum increased gradually (P <0. 01). At 2 h, sCD163 in the serum showed no significant differences between the two groups (P >0. 05). At 4 h and later timepoints, the differences were statistically significant (P <0. 001). Conclusions CD163 plays an important role in sepsis.

Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of quantitative measurements of magnetic resonance images (MRI) in transverse and coronary sections in patients with ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) syndrome.Materials and Methods The data of 70 patients (127 hips) in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from 2013 June to 2016 April who were performed hip MRI examination was analyzed retrospectively.39 patients (67 hips) with clinical diagnosis of IFI syndrome were selected as case group,while the other 31 patients (58 hips) with clinical exclusion of IFI syndrome were selected as control group.Ischiofemoral space (IFS),quadratusfemoris space (QFS),ischial angle,femoral neck angle (FNA) and lesser trochanter angle (LTA) were measured on axial MR image with PDWI FS sequence.The cervicodiaphyseal angle (CCD) was measured on coronary section MR image with T2WI TIRM sequence.The above measurements of two groups were analyzed.Results IFS,QFS and LTA in patients of case group were 12.2 (10.2-13.9) mm,8.5 (6.9-10.4) mm and (13.8±0.7) °,while these measurements were 26.3 (22.9-30.4) mm,21.6 (19.5-25.4) mm and (19.9± 1.0) ° in patients of control group.Compared with control group,these measurements were significantly lower in case group (P＜0.01).Ischial angel,FNA were significantly higher in case group compared with control group [(131.2±0.4) ° vs.(127.1±0.6) °,29.2 (22.8-34.1) ° vs.22.7 (19-28.3) °,P＜0.01].CCD showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).QFS,LTA have positive correlation with IFS in case group (r=0.870 and 0.653,P＜0.05),while FNA,ischial angel have significant negative correlation with IFS in case group (r=-0.623 and-0.655,P＜0.05).The cut-offvalues ofQFS,FNA,ischial angel and LTA were ≤ 12.7 mm,≥ 21.75 °,≥ 131.65 °,≤ 9.3°,respectively.Conclusion The reduction ofIFS and QFS is the main imaging signs of IFI syndrome.

Objective To investigate the semen quality and the influence of urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in pre‐conception males in Shanghai .Methods From Jan ,2014 to Nov ,2015 ,5 306 preconception males in our andrology department were received semen analysis .The difference of semen index between ages and urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum infected or not were analyzed .Results The average pH value was(7 .27 ± 0 .14) ,the average volume was(3 .15 ± 1 .42)mL ,the average sperm concen‐trationwas(57.51±40.22)×106/mL,theaverageoftotalspermcountwas(172.83±134.90)×106 ,theaveragevitalityratioof grade(A+B) sperm was(38 .50 ± 17 .54)% ,the average motile sperm ratio was(46 .36 ± 20 .08)% ,the average of total motile sperm count was(89 .86 ± 92 .82) × 106 .Motile sperm ratio of preconception males from twenty to twenty nine was(49 .60 ± 20 .70)% ,total motile sperm count was(93 .40 ± 95 .83) × 106 ,which was greater than other ages .Ureaplasma urealyticum turned to positive in 2 311 cases was (43 .55% ) .There were statistically significant differences in total sperm count ,total motile sperm count ,sperm concentration ,vitality ratio of grade A sperm ,vitality ratio of grade(A+B) sperm ,motile sperm ratio ,seminal acid phosphatase ,seminalα‐glucosidase and seminal plasma fructose between positive and negative samples(P<0 .01) .There was differ‐ence in pH and seminal plasma zinc between positive and negative samples(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The sperm quality of preconcep‐tion males in Shanghai is not encouraging ,urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in preconception men is very important .

Objective To study the application of census method in estimating the size of population of commercial sex workers(CSW),and estimatie the size of population in CSW in a city.Methods Drawing the map of the place which applied sex service,collect the number of CSW which the manager of place report.Sample 20% place of total,check the amount of all CSW,then adjust the sum of managers reported according the number of investigator checked and the number of manager reported to estimating the size of population in CSW in the city.Results The result of census in estimating the CSW in the city was 18 702.Conclusions It is simple and direct to estimate the size of population in CSW by applying the census method.The result is reliable,but the method need the investigators know very well the palce applied sex service in the area.