Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of Metorchis orientalis in Wuhu City Anhui Province. Meth?ods Three lakes Fengming Longwo and Kui lakes were selected in Wuhu City and the poultries around the lakes and fresh?water fishes in the lakes were captured to test the infection of M. orientalis and the infection rates were calculated. Results The adult worms of M. orientalis were found in gall bladder and hepatic duct of domestic ducks with infection rate of 16.7%. The metacercariae of M. orientalis were discovered in the muscle of Pseudorasbora parva and Pseudogobio rivularis with infection rates of 7.13%and 3.38%respectively. Conclusion M. orientalis is endemic in Wuhu City which should be paid enough at?tention to the animal husbandry aquaculture and medicine.

Objective:To characterize the CD4+CD45RA+,CD4+CD45RO+,CD8+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and to explore their relations with the disease state.Methods:The peripheral blood was collected from 104 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 30 healthy individuals,then CD4+CD45RA+,CD4+CD45RO+,CD8+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry with three-color fluorescence technology.Results:To compare with the control,the percent of CD8+CD45RA+T lymphocyte in patients with mild and severe grad CHB decreased markedly,the percent of CD8+CD45RO+T lymphocyte increased markedly,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD45RO+T lymphocyte did not change obviously. Compared with the mild grade CHB,the percent of CD8+CD45RA+T lymphocyte in patients with severe grade CHB decreased obviously(P

OBJECTIVE: Tacrolimus is widely used in organ transplant. However, the long-term effects of tacrolimus on Asian, in particular in Chinese people, are few. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term curative effect of tacrolimus used in kidney transplantation patients in China.DATA SOURCES: Electronic and manual retrieve of Medline database, Chinese journal full-text database, Cochrane library, and CEBM/CCD, and relevant medical journals in China were applied.DATA SELECTION: Published randomized controlled trials on tacrolimus in kidney allograft recipient were retrieved, and the data were underwent Meta analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the measurement parameter of efficacy comparison. The statistical analyses were performed using Stata software.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The survival ratio of patient/kidney after 1 year. ②The survival ratio of patient/kidney after 3 years. ③Rejection ratio after 3 years. ④Infection rate after 3 years. ⑤Incidence of liver dysfunction after 3 years. ⑥Blood glucose disorder after 3 years.RESULTS: A total of 3 trials were eligible for the inclusion efficacy, including 3 Chinese trials and 0 foreign trials. Results of meta-analysis indicated that tacrolimus prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from rejection effectively in three years [OR=0.40, 95%CI (0.27-0.61), P < 0.000 1]. Tacrolimus prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from impaired liver function in three years [OR=0.28, 95%CI (0.15-0.52), P < 0.000 1]. No statistical difference of the 1-year and 3-year survival rate of patients/ kidney was found in the patients between group tacrolimus and group cyclosporine. Statistical difference of blood glucose disorder were found in the patients between group tacrolimus and group cyclosporine [OR=2.39, 95%CI (1.41-4.05), P=0.001].CONCLUSIONS: Tacrolimus prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from rejection and impaired liver function effectively in three years in China. No statistical difference of the 1-year and 3-year survival rate of patients/kidney was found in the patients between two groups. In addition, the main side effect of tacrolimus is blood glucose elevation.

BACKGROUNDTo study to immunogenicity of recombinant HEV ORF2 protein expressed in pichia pastoris.

METHODSBALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant HEV ORF2 protein. The ability of antiserum to bind HEV was tested using affinity-capture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, the recombinant protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice by different routes with different adjuvants. Serum conversion rate of anti-HEV antibody and the ELISA titer were detected.

RESULTSThe antiserum could capture native HEV for RT-PCR. As to the immunization effect, the immune response by intramuscular route was better than that of the intraperitoneal route. The protein with alum and CpG adjuvant could elicits more significant immune responses than using the alum adjuvant alone. The best way was to immunize with the protein with alum and CpG adjuvant by intramuscular route with a boosted injection on the 4th week after the first immunization. The ED50 was 0.023 microgram. This is the first report that the antibody elicited by recombinant HEV ORF2 protein expressed in pichia pastoris recognizes native HEV. High immunogenicity of this kind of ORF2 was also demonstrated by inducing strong immune response in mice with good ED50 result.

CONCLUSIONSThe high immunogenicity of this kind of HEV ORF2 may make a foundation for the development of new type of hepatitis E vaccine.

Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Female ; Hepatitis E virus ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pichia ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Proteins ; immunology

BACKGROUND: Removal of immunosuppressants in patients with recurrent tumor in long-term following organ transplantation is always a hot controversial point in academic circles. To further elevate clinical efficiency, people began to invent new immunosuppressant and studied immune efficiency of various immunosuppressant component. They tried to reduce the application of cyclosporin A (CsA).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CsA safe withdrawal of a case of kidney recipients, at 18 years after renal transplantation, who developed bladder carcinoma and renal pelvic carcinoma at 11 years and 18 years after transplantation, respectively. METHODS: After identified diagnosis, we performed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and total nephroureterectomy merobladder excision. Pathologic examination revealed grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ of bladder and renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma. After the operation, patient was treated with immune suppression program of CsA withdrawal gradually in 12 days.Within 12 days, 5 mg CsA was decreased every 3 days, and complete withdrawal was done at 12 days. The dosage of azathioprine tablets and prednisone acetate tablets was not changed. Serum creatinine levels were rechecked every 3 days during drug withdrawal, and blood pressure, urine volume, physical symptom of patients and ultrasound of transplanted kidney were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the three months of CsA withdrawal, the blood creatinine levels were from 65 to indicated that the CsA gradually withdrawal of a case of kidney recipients after renal transplantation, who developed transitional cell carcinoma and was performed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and total nephro- ureterectomy merobladder excision, was safe. No tumor relapse or diversion was found.

Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic anger stress on rats' aging process and the mechanism of the neuroendocrine-immune network. Methods:After the aging and brain aging rats induced by D-galactose(D-gal) were stimulated by anger, observation of the effects of chronic anger stress on the rats' spatial learning and memory was made, the contents of norepinephrine(NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in brain tissue and serum, the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (CORT) in serum were assayed, the spleen index was measured. Results:Compared with the D-gal group, in the D-gal group stimulated by anger, the rats' ability of spatial learning and memory declined, the contents of NE in brain tissue and serum increased, the contents of 5-HT declined, the levels of CORT in serum increased, and the spleen index declined. Conclusion: The rats' aging and brain aging were aggravated and the aging process were accelerated by chronic anger stress. The possible mechanism were the sustained excitability of the HPA axis and SAS, disturbances of neuroendocrine system and immunological function repression.

Objective To investigate the effect of recipient's pre-transplant triglyceride (TG) abnormalities on early graft function (EGF) after kidney transplantation.Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,154 identified living-kidney transplant recipients in the 309 Hospital of Chinese PLA from Jan.2011 to Dec.2014 were enrolled in present study,including 124 males and 30 females,and aged of 31.9 ± 8.4 years.The cohort was divided into two groups:TG normal group (0.40＜TG≤1.70mmol/L,n=107) and TG abnormalities group (TG＞l.70mmol/L or require lipid lowering therapy,n=47).The incidences of poor early graft renal function (PEGF),slow graft function (SGF) and delayed graft function (DGF) were compared between the two groups,and then the serum creatinine (Scr) levels were compared among the patients showing immediate graft function (IGF) at 3rd,7th and 30th day after transplantation.The ROC curve was drawn up taking TG as diagnosis index to explore the optimal cut-offvalue for predicting PEGF,SGF and DGF after transplantation.Results Compared with the TG normal group,the TG abnormalities group showed significantly higher incidence of PEGF and DGF (P＜0.05).Among the IGF patients,the TG abnormalities group showed higher Scr level at the 7th and 30th day after transplantation (P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve (AUC) reflected TG levels for PEGF,SGF and DGF were 0.774,0.704 and 0.818,respectively (P＜0.05).The optimal cut-offvalues were all 1.37mmol/L.Conclusions Recipients with abnormal pre-transplant TG level may have worse EGF after renal transplantation.The risk of developing PEGF,S GF and D GF tends to emerge when pre-transplant TG level is higher than 1.37mmol/L.

Objective To assess the impact of the virus on the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) length diversity of T cell receptor(TCR) Vβ repertoires of CD4+ T lymphocytes and to explore its association with viral load in individuals with HIV-1 infection. Methods The TCR repertoire was examined using spectratyping of CDR3 length diversity within CD4+ T cells in HIV infected and healthy adults. Separation of CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) was carried out by using immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-CD4 antibody. Total RNAs from the purified CD4 + T lymphocytes were isolated and used to perform nested-PCR amplifications in CDR3 of 22 TCR gene families. CDR3 diversity and its association with viral load in individuals with HIV-1 infection were analyzed. Results An average diversity for all CDR3 profiles in CD4+ T cells from 25 HIV-infected individuals was significantly different as compared to 10 age-matched healthy donors (P＜0.05) with the HIV-infected individuals losing diversity in the CDR3 profiles. There was positive correlation between changes in TCR CDR3 diversity and viral load (r = 0. 494, P ＜ 0. 05). The changes in CDR3 length diversity of Vβ families in HIV-infected individuals, particular in Vβ8, Vβ22, Vβ23 were statistically different from the healthy controls. Conclusion HIV-1 infection might induce the loss of TCR Vp repertoire diversity and disrupt the CDR3 Gaussian distributions within CD4 + T cells. There should be positive correlation between changes in TCR CDR3 diversity and the viral load in HIV-1 infected patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms, which played roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS), and susceptibility of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Han people in Guangdong province. Methods The subjects were selected from an epidemiologie survey in Guangdong province. Fifty to 117 adult NAFLD patients, who met the criteria of Chinese guideline for diagnosis of NAFLD and had typically clinical, biochemical signs and abdominal ultrasonography, were recruited in the study. By using 1 : 1 matched method of nested case-control study, same numbers of people without NAFLD were included as controls. The genetic analyses was performed by using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was applied to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 9 sites in 7 candidate genes. Results Most SNPs of the genes were related to the susceptibility of NAFLD. Some of them had positive relation (increasing the risk) such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-238, adiponectin-45, leptin-2548, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ-161 and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT)-175. Some had negative relation (decreasing the risk) including adiponectin-276 and hepatic lipase-514. And some had no relation (TNF-α-380 and PPAR g coactivator-1α-482). Conclusion Most cytokines' SNPs of candidate genes discovered in MS patients are related to the susceptibility of NAFLD.

Objective To analyze the clinical techniques of renal artery control in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.Methods 211 relative living renal transplantations were performed from June 2003 to June 2012,and 136 donors underwent laparoscopic donor living nephrectomy (LDN) since 2007.Forty donors were subjected to the Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by open surgery,87 donors to the Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by laparoscope,5 donors to the Endo GIA stapler for renal artery control by laparoscope,and 4 donors to the Hem-o-lock clips by laparoscope combined with hand-assisted suture transfixion for renal artery control.Results The warm ischemia time of renal artery control was shortest (1.1 ± 0.3 min) by Hem-o-lock clips in open surgery,and longest (3.2 ± 0.8) min by the Hem-o-lock clips with laparoscope.There was significant difference in the warm ischemia time of renal artery between open group and other groups,the differences (P＜0.05).The comparison of prognostic factors in the transplant renal outcome showed no significant difference among groups.The renal arterial stump-rrhexis-caused massive secondary bleeding occurred in 1 case subject to Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by laparoscope,with conversion to open surgery urgently,the operation was successful at last.Other renal artery control ways were all safe without any adverse reaction.Conclusion The warm ischemia time of renal artery control by Hem-o-lock clips in open surgery was shortest in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.The renal artery control way by Endo GIA stapler in laparoscope or by Hem-o-lock clips with hand-assisted suture transfixion is safest.The utilization of Hem-o-lock clips should be careful in high risk population such as severe atherosclerosis etc.