Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomy -opathy (AHCM).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 34 patients with AHCM, the clinical characteristic , ECG, imageology data and the cardiovascular morbidity were counted and analyzed . Results There was no specificity on the clinical characteristics of the patients with AHCM ,the high voltage of the left ventricular and the huge inverted T wave of the left precordial leads came into the characteristic change for the ECG,there were 21 patients of the total 34 patients were made a definite diagnosis after examined by the ultrasonic cardiogram,13 patients of them were made a definite diagnosis after examined by MRI .During the following-up,there were 4 patients occurred angiocardiopathy (the morbidity was 11.8%).The thickness of apex,apex cordis and poste-rior wall of the left ventricle examined during the last follow-up had significant differences compared with that during the first diagnosis(t=-3.73,-3.908,all P<0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction ,interventricular septal thickness,left ventricular end diastolic diameter and thickness of the posterior wall of left ventricle had no significant differences compared with that during the first diagnosis (t =1.762,1.662, -1.857,2.015,all P >0.05). Conclusion AHCM has the benign prognosis effect , but the clinical misdiagnosis rate is high , clinicians should enhance their understanding level on the disease ,the characteristic ECG change ,ultrasonic cardiogram and MRI check can help to make a definite diagnosis .

Objective To review the prenatal ultrasonographic evaluation on fetal midline facial defects of holoprosencephaly. Methods Twenty-four facial malformations of 14 cases with alobar/semilobar holoprosencephaly from August 2000 through April 2004 were reviewed to determine and classify the associated facial abnormalities detected with prenatal sonography. Results There were 24 facial abnormalities in 14 cases with alobar/semilobar holoprosencephaly. Facial abnormalities were present in all cases and were detected in 22 ( 91.7%) of 24 facial malformations on prenatal sonography. One or more extrafacial anomalies were present in 8 ( 57.1%) of 14 fetuses. Conclusions Prenatal sonographic evaluation of midline facial defect may allow more definitive diagnosis of alobar or semilobar holoprosencephaly.

Articulation disorders that inhibit the communicative ability in children can be classified into three types. In the past, we have done much work in dysarthria and organic articulation disorders. Now we begin to explore the treatment of functional articulation disorders. In this paper, we described 10 patients between four to ten years old with functional articulation disorders and approached from different angles. We have positive answers in definition, diagnose standard and treatment procedure. We also find that the cure effect is very good, 9 of 10 patients have regained normal communlcative ability after speech therapy of one to three months.We hope to do much more work in the etiology and incidence of functional articulation disorders of children in China in the future.

目的探讨980nm半导体激光经皮椎间盘减压术(PLDD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法286例患者局麻后在C型臂X射线机透视下确定病变椎间盘平面,以每个椎间盘600～800J激光能量行PLDD。参照Choy评分法评价疗效。结果经1年以上随访,0～2分者(优)188例(65.8%),;3～5分者(良)41例(4.1%),6～10分者57例(20%);无椎间盘炎及其他并发症发生。结论PLDD能有效缓解椎间盘源性疼痛。

Naming refers to broad nerve network, the cerebral location of naming is not clearly so far. It is a main measure to study the mechanism of naming by combining the symptoms and the imaging examination of aphasic patients. Meanwhile, it is also a focus of research in the field of neuropsychology. Many models on naming were produced. In this article, the authors reviewed the previous research fruits on naming and summarized some useful neuroanatomical pathways, cortex areas related to naming such as fusiform gyrus, angular gyrus, etc., and the most influential theories in the field of neuropsychology: namely lexicon system and lexical access theories.

This article would review the general symptoms of anomia and the classification of anomia based on the clinical characteristics, including word production anomia, word selection anomia, semantic anomia, category-specific anomia, modality-specific anomia.

This paper discussed the classification, performance, cerebral localization and the possible mechanism of agraphia in patientswith aphasia. Writing disorders include not only agraphia caused by the neurological dysfunction of the brain, but also mechanicalwriting disorders caused by the primary motor dysfunction. Agraphia is a damage or loss of writing capability caused by acquired brain damage.The study abroad on agraphia focuses on phonetic language. Chinese characters and alphabetic languages belong to different languagesystems. Therefore, foreign research methods are not suitable for us. Domestic studies on agraphia are mostly case reports, and researchmethods and the pathological mechanism of Chinese agraphia are not consistent.

This paper discussed the performance and cerebral localization of tone error occurred in patients with aphasia. The definition and characteristics of tone and aphasia were introduced briefly, while focusing on the brain lateralization of the tone. Tone is a language signal, but also has characteristics of melodic acoustic. The dual nature affects the cognitive process of tone languages. Therefore studies at home and abroad about tone showed that the conclusion of advantage of lateralization was inconsistent. In this paper, by summarizing the advantage of lateralization of listening perception with different languages, and generalizing the brain damage localization in aphasia patients with voice disorders, the dominant side of the tone in the brain was discussed. This paper also summarized and discussed the characteristics of voice disorder in aphasia.

Objective To explore the evaluation for apraxia of speech (AOS) with Chinese. Methods 20 Chinese cases with AOS were assessed with Chinese material referred from Motor Speech Evaluation (MSE) using. Results The subtest of multiple repetitions of multisyllabic words was the most difficult and single repetitions of monosyllabic words was the easiest for AOS patients (P<0.05). The score of the short sentences negatively correlated with both the scores of repetition ability (r=-0.865) and the fluency of speech (r=-0.614) (P<0.001).Conclusion Chinese material referred from MSE can be used for evaluation of AOS with Chinese.

This article reviewed the language characteristics of Down's syndrome, cerebral palsy, autism and hearing impairment, including the relevant factors and early manifestations.