A new mathematical equation characterizing the compression of pharmaceutical materials is presented. This equation presumed that the rate of change of the compressible volume of powder with respect to the pressure is proportional to the compressible volume. The new model provided a good fit to several model substances employing non-linear regression techniques. The validity of the model had been verified with experimental results of various pharmaceutical powders according to the Akaikes informatics criterion (AIC) and the sum of squared deviations (SS). The parameter of the new model might reflect quantitatively the fundamental compression behaviors of the powders. It had demonstrated that the proposed model could well predict the compaction characteristics of solid particles like the Kawakita model.

Obiective To study controUing method for curing time of the materials based on isocyanate, and perfect making means and operating rules of transmitting apparatus for the wounded, Methods According to the controlling principles of the rate of chemical reaction, the influencing factors' were studied such as catalyzer, ambient temperature, mixture level of materials and materials volume by experiment. Results By the results of experiments, ambient temperature hasn't an effector impact on eufing time of isocyanate, catalyzer and mixture level of materials only have a little effect or impact on initial reaction time, but materials volume is an important factor of all. Conclusion By the means of experiments, the curing time of isocyanate is only influenced by the volume of materials, and the character is very useful to transmitting apparatus for the wounded in field battle or on-site emergency rescue.

Objective To modified doxorubicin liposome with transferrin(TF),and to investigate its inhibition efficacy on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells.Methods The liposome was prepared by thin film ultrasonic,and doxorubicin liposomal was prepared by sulfuric acid gradient.The TF-doxorubicin lipo-some was prepared by the post insertion method.The uptake of TF-liposomal doxorubicin on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were detected by confocal microscopy.The killing ability of TF-doxorubicin liposomal targeting for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were detected by MTT assay.Inhibitory effect of TF-doxorubicin lipo-some on the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were detected by soft agar colony assay.Results Confocal microscopy result showed that the uptake of TF-liposomal doxorubicin on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were signifi-cantly higher than doxorubicin liposomal.Cell-killing ability on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 showed that the IC50 in TF-liposomal doxorubicin [MCF-7 cells:(20.8 ±3.2)μmol/L;MDA-MB-231 cells:(20.1 ±3.0)μmol/L)] were significantly lower than the liposomal [(1 58.6 ±24.6)μmol/L;(1 60.1 ±25.1 )μmol/L)]and free doxorubicin [(1 61 .7 ±26.2)μmol/L;(1 66.9 ±27.0)μmol/L)],with significant differences(F =1 1 6.03, P <0.001 ;F =75.29,P <0.001 ).Soft agar colony assay showed that the inhibition of TF-doxorubicin lipo-some on colony growth were significantly higher than doxorubicin liposome,free doxorubicin and control [dia-meter of MDA-MB-231 cells:(60.5 ±10.4)μm,(94.3 ±16.8)μm,(1 31 .8 ±22.6)μm,(162.8 ±30.3)μm;diameter of MCF-7 cells:(31 .8 ±5.5)μm,(62.1 ±11 .1 )μm,(108.6 ±1 8.6)μm,157.4 ±29.3)μm],with significant differences (F =87.17,P <0.000 1 ;F =178.23,P <0.000 1 ).Conclusion TF-doxorubicin lipo-some has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro,and can effectively and specifically kill the breast cancer cells,which provides theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer in vivo.

Objective To analyze retrospectively clinical study efficacy and feasibility of one-stage posterior lumbar debridement,interbody fusion,and posterior instrumentation in treating lumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods A total of 21 patients (14 males and 7 females) with lumbar tuberculosis collected from January 2009 to May 2012,underwent one-stage posterior lumbar debridement,interbody fusion,and posterior instrumentation.The age ranged 19 to 47 years (mean,34.8 years).All patients presented with presented with back pain,7 patients with constitutional symptoms including weakness,malaise,night sweats,fever and weight loss,2 with limbs numb and 1 with intermittence creep.Every patient underwent lumbar spine X -ray,CT scan and MRI examination of pathologic vertebra before surgery.All patients received at least a standard preoperative 2-4 week anti-tuberculosis treatment.Results All patients were confirmed by pathology or microbiology and were followed up for 12-48 months (mean,18 months).Average operation time was 3.1 h (range,2.5 to 4.3 h).Lumbar tuberculosis was completely cured and the grafted bones were fused 10 months after operation in all patients.There was no persistence or recurrence of infection and no nerve,blood vessel injury.After the treatment,the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was decreased to normal level in 5.8 months.Conclusion With effective and standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy,the pedicle screw was placed due to pathologic vertebral body.One-stage posterior lumbar debridement,interbody fusion,and posterior instrumentation for lumbar tuberculosis could effectively relieve pain symptoms,and reconstruct the spinal stability.

Objective To evaluate the value and feasibility of tissue mitral annular displacement (TMAD) in the assessment of left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal systolic function and synchronization in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Methods The study population consisted of 39 on-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) patients and 39 healthy volunteers matched by gender and age.Left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal were measured by speckle tracking imaging(STI).The mitral annular displacement (MAD) (anterioseptal,posterioseptal,anterior,lateral,posterior and inferior sites,respectively),peak of time (PT) and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) were measured by TMAD.The correlation between LSR and MAD was analyzed,and the parameters of MAD and SDI for tow groups were compared.Results The rate of effectively track segments of TMAD was significantly higher than that of STI(98.7％ vs 77.9％,P ＜0.001).There were high correlationship between segmental LSR and MAD(r =-0.784,P ＜0.001),and global and MADglobal (r =-0.897,P ＜0.001).Compared with the control group,MAD of six spots and MADglobal were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.001,respectively),SDI was significantly increased(P ＜0.001).Conclusions TMAD is a sensitive and reproducible method for the assessment of LV longitudinal functionin patients with nHCM.

Objective To evaluate the association between the decrease of the perioperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level during perioperative period and the prognosis in patients with colon cancer after a curative resection.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between preoperative serum CEA level and different clinicopathologic features in 605 cases who underwent a curative resection for colon cancer from January 2006 to April 2011.According to the preoperative serum CEA level,the patients were divided into two groups:≤5 ng/ml and ＞5 ng/ml group.The critical value of the CEA decreasing rate in preoperative serum CEA ＞ 5 ng/ml group was calculated,and the relationship between this critical value and survival rate was then analyzed.Univariate and multivariate models were used to detect the risk factors of overall survival rate (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in preoperative serum CEA ＞ 5 ng/ml patients.Results The preoperative serum CEA levels were significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (x2 =14.122,P＜0.001),T stages (x2 =40.153,P ＜0.001),N stages (x2 =22.721,P ＜0.001) and pathological stages (x2 =38.576,P ＜ 0.001),except for sex (x2 =0.453,P =0.501),age (x2 =0.195,P =0.659) and histological stages (x2 =6.135,P =0.112).The critical values of CEA decreasing rate for OS and DFS were 48.95％ and 50.81％ in preoperative serum CEA ＞5 ng/ml group respectively.There were significant differences of 5-year OS (31.37％ vs.76.63％,x2 =43.235,P ＜ 0.001) and 5-year DFS (27.69％ vs.72.10％,x2 =55.561,P ＜0.001) between patients after operation whose CEA decreasing rate were lower than critical value and those whose were higher.Univariate analysis showed that the decreasing rate of CEA was an influence factor for OS (x2 =43.235,P ＜ 0.001) and DFS (x2 =55.561,P ＜ 0.001) of preoperative serum CEA ＞ 5 ng/ml patients.The N stages and pathological stages were both related to OS (x2 =14.683,P＜0.001;x2 =12.295,P＜0.001) and DFS (x2 =16.212,P＜0.001;x2 =13.704,P＜0.001)respectively.Multivariate model showed that the decreasing rate of CEA level and N stages were both associated withOS (x2=18.885,P＜0.001;x2 =7.523,P＜0.001) and DFS (x2 =19.275,P＜0.001;x2 =6.997,P ＜ 0.001) of preoperative serum CEA ＞ 5 ng/ml patients.Conclusion A high decreasing rate of serum CEA level after operation in colon cancer patients who have high CEA levels before the curative resection can be a protective factor for prognosis,especially when the decreasing rate is higher than the critical value.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of precise and traditional liver resection in the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-seven patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones who were treated with surgery in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2014 were selected and divided into precise liver resection group (n=72) and traditional liver resection group (n=55) based on the type of surgery. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, postoperative time to recovery, postoperative complications (incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion), hospitalization cost, postoperative residual calculi, and postoperative calculus recurrence were compared between the two groups. Between-group comparison of continuous data was made by t test, and between-group comparison of categorical data was made by χ2 test. Survival data were analyzed using survival function. ResultsThere were significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, postoperative time to recovery, and hospitalization cost between the precise liver resection group and the traditional liver resection group (t=3.720, 58.681, 19.169, 5.990, and 6.944; all P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications including incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion between the two groups (all P＞0.05). There were also no significant differences in the incidence rates of postoperative residual calculi and calculus recurrence between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The survival analysis of postoperative calculus recurrence time showed that there was no significant difference in calculus recurrence time between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionCompared with traditional liver resection, precise liver resection has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative drainage, and faster recovery; however, precise liver resection raises hospitalization cost. Moreover, precise liver resection does not increase the risks of postoperative complications including incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion; however, it does not reduce the incidence rates of postoperative residual calculi and calculus recurrence.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of clinical manifestations and genetics of late-onset cobalamin (cbl) C deficiency,also named as combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinemia, cblC type. Methods We reviewed 26 late-onset cblC deficiency patients diagnosed in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University from 2012 to 2017 and analysed the clinical, biochemistry, neuroimaging, follow-up and MMACHC gene data. Results Among the 26 patients, male:female ratio is 11:15, with the age of diagnosis from 4 to 39 years and sibling comorbidity in 4 families. The clinical manifestaions of nervous system included spastic paraplegia,mental and behavior disorder,intelectual decline,epilepsy,ataxia,dystonia and peripheral neuropathy. There were four cases with proteinuria at onset. At first visit, the levels of serum total homocystinuria of all patients were elevated, from 61.4 to 193.4μmol/Lwith methylmalonic acidemia. The neuroimaging data of the 26 cases showed 11 with cerebral atrophy, 10 with thoracic spinal cord atrophy, five with brain parenchymal lesions, three with longitudinal myelopathy which were reversible in follow-up, one with syringomyelia, one with multiple cerebral artery stenosis. In all the cases, cobalamins were supplied parenterally and folate, betaine, L-carnitine, vitamin B6 were supplied orally during acute metabolic crisis, and the symptoms of acute encephalopathy disappeared but symptoms of spastic paraplegia had little improvement. In chronic stage, frequency of intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamine could be decreased while the index can still be improved. All the 26 cases had definite mutations in MMACHC gene, the most common mutations of which were found to be c.482G>A(15/52) and c. 609G>A(13/52). Conclusions Homocystine is the important biomarker for cblC deficiency. Once diagnosed, parenteral hydroxocobalamin and oral betaine should be supplied for a lifetime with good prognosis. The most common mutations of MMACHC gene in our cases are c. 482G>A and c. 609G>A missense mutations.