Objective To study on the quality of Eucommia ulmodies processing in planting by different methods.Methods The quantity percent of coarsed cortex,water and ethanol extract were compred,the contents of Pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG)were determined by HPLC,the residues of pesticides and the content of heavy metal element were carried out to investigate the quality.Results The quantity percent of coarsed cortex was 12.7%(n=3).Ethanol extract had no remarkable difference whether scrape the coarsed cortex or not.Water extract was higher 11.26%(P

Objective The methods for determination of Chlorogenic Acid(CA) in Eucommia ulmodies Oliv were established and determinated the content of CA. Extract solvent, method, time and times were studied and HPLC method for determination was used. Methods The HPLC system consisted of the column of Lichrospher C18 (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) and acetonitrtle-water-phosphoric acid (13∶86.5∶ 0.5) as the mobile phase. The temperature was 25℃. The detective wavelength was 327nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. External standard method was used. Results The powder of eucommia was extracted twice with 60%methanol-water solution at 100 ℃, the first time for 1.5 h,the second for 0.5 h was the optimum one. The method was linear within the range of 2.22?10-2～55.40?10-2 ?g, the average recovery was 99.55%, and the RSD was 1.98% (n =6). Conclusion The method is simple, sensitive and highly reproductive, and it is suitable for ananlysis of CA in Eucommia ulmodies Oliv.

AIM: To choose the proper excipient for molding process of Tongluo Mini-Pill (Radix Astragali,Radix Augelicae sinensis,Flos longicerae Japonicae,etc) and couplet its production. METHODS: A variety of excipients properties such as fluidity,solubility and dissolution were compared to select and determine the processing parameters of rotary perlletizer. RESULTS: Recommendation was made applying processing parameters that 10% PEG_ 2000 ,10% PEG_ 2000 or 10% gum arabic used for excipient,pelletizer had a rotational velosity of 100 rpm.pressure of 0.04 Mpa and feeding rate of 1200 g?min -1 . CONCLUSION:Selection of excipients is a key to make Tonglu Mini-Pill.

Objective To establish the fingerprints for analysis of Cortex Eucommiae by HPLC. Methods The column of Lichroshper C18(250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detective wavelength was 230 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results The fingerprint consisted of 11 common peaks. The mutual mode of HPLC fingerprints was set up and the similar degrees to the crude drugs from different habitats were compared by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of CMM (Version 2004A), and the range of similarity for ten balches of Cortex Eucommiae 0.574—0.958. The standard HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Eucommiae was established too. ConclusionThis method is accurate and reliable, and provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Cortex Eucommiae.

The technology of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for analysis Chloriti Lapis and the XRD Fourier fingerprints were established. The dates were analyzed by fuzzy cluster and fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity of samples. XRD fingerprint with 10 common peaks of 14 batches of Chloriti Lapis were established. The average, median coefficients of crystal lattice spacing d (A), peak position 2 theta, relative intensity value I/I0 (%) were all more than 0.95. And similarity( angle cosine value) were all more than 0. 97. There were small number samples differed from others. And obvious differences between the pre-and post-processing samples. This paper shows the powder XRD Fourier fingerprint can be used for appraisal and study of the Chloriti Lapis.
Aluminum Silicates ; analysis ; chemistry ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Ferrous Compounds ; analysis ; chemistry ; Fourier Analysis ; Geography ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

Objective To assess the effects of gonadectomy on carcinogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by chemical substances in rat model. Methods Fifty male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 5-6 weeks) were equally divided into four groups: male experimental (surgical castration) and control groups and female experimental (surgical castration)and control groups. The HCC model was induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and Nnitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in SD rats. The effects of gonadectomy on occurring and development of HCC were observed. Results The incidence of HCC in female experimental group was higher than that in female control group (11/11 vs 5/14, P=0. 001), while it was lower in male experimental group than that in male control group (3/10 vs 12/12, P=0. 001). It was demonstrated that gonadectomy could increase the growth of HCC (P=0. 013) and tumor metastasis (P=0. 036) in female rats, but not in male rats. The formation of liver cirrhosis and HCC was found at 8 and 16 weeks in male experimental group, at 12 and 20 weeks in male control group, at 16 and 20 weeks in female experimental group and at 12 and 16 weeks in female control group. These findings showed that gonadectomy could improve the development of carcinogenesis in female rats and delay the carcinogenesis in male rats. Conclusion Sex hormones, especially estrogens, may be involved in development and metastasis of rats HCC.

OBJECTIVETo measure the contents of the water-soluble iron, five heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetiturn and provide a basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of Magnetitum.

METHODIron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS).

RESULTThe mean content of element iron is 764.30 mg x kg(-1). The contents of five water-soluble heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetitum were within the safety range. The recovery of the standard addition was in the range of 93.7% - 110.6%, and the RSD was less than 5.0%.

CONCLUSIONAnalyzing the water-soluble iron, heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetitum is effective to the quality control and the safety evaluation of magnetitum.

Iron ; metabolism ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Metals, Heavy ; metabolism ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association of colorectal adenoma with metabolic syndrome (MS) and relevant parameters.

METHODSClinical data of 289 subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy in the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2014 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 130 normal subjects (normal group) and 159 cases with colorectal adenoma confirmed by pathology(adenoma group). Levels of MS-associated parameters were compared between the two groups, and the association of metabolic diseases with colorectal adenoma was examined.

RESULTSThe gender, smoking and drinking habit, regular physical activity, family history of colorectal cancer, and consumption history of long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). As compared to normal group, adenoma group had higher body mass index (BMI) [(23.5±3.2) kg/m(2) vs. (22.7±2.8) kg/m(2), t=1.97, P=0.050], larger abdominal circumference [(83.4±10.3) cm vs. (79.6±13.8) cm, t=2.46, P=0.015], higher serum high-density lipoprotein level [(1.3±0.3) mmol/L vs. (1.2±0.3) mmol/L, t=2.03, P=0.044], and higher serum cholesterol [(5.4±1.0) mmol/L vs. (5.0±1.1) mmol/L, t=2.39, P=0.018]. No significant difference was demonstrated in comparing hip circumference and waist-hip ratio, as well as serum fasting glucose and triglyceride(all P>0.05). Higher incidence of colorectal adenoma was found in subjects with MS [69.8%(37/53) vs. 1.7%(122/236), P=0.017], overweight or obesity [65.1% (56/86) vs. 50.7%(103/203), P=0.025], hypertension [67.3%(37/55) vs. 52.1%(122/234), P=0.046] and hypercholesterolemia [66.7%(64/96) vs. 49.2%(95/193), P=0.005].

CONCLUSIONSMetabolic syndrome increased the risk of developing colorectal adenoma. The mechanism may be related to higher serum cholesterol and high density lipoprotein, which may lead to the elevated catabolism of serum cholesterol. Screening colonoscopy should be performed for patients diagnosed as metabolic syndrome, especially for those with central obesity and hypercholesterolemia, thus early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma may be available.

Adenoma ; epidemiology ; Blood Glucose ; chemistry ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Mass Screening ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Triglycerides ; blood

ObjectiveTo analyze the polarized light microscopic characteristics， the composition of physical phases and their relative contents of Maifanitum from different origins， and to establish the Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum powder crystals by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. MethodA total of 26 batches of Maifanitum samples were selected， and the microscopic characteristics of the sample powders and grinding flakes were observed by polarized light microscopy under single polarized light and orthogonal polarized light， and the main phase compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by powder crystal XRD technique， and the XRD Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum was established. The incident light source of XRD was Cu target Kβ radiation， the light tube voltage and light tube current were 40 kV and 40 mA， respectively， the divergence slit was 1°， the scattering slit was 1°， the receiving slit was 0.2 mm， the scanning speed was 5°·min^-1 with continuous scanning and scanning range of 5-90°（2θ）， and the step length was 0.02°. ResultThe polarized light micrographs of powders and grinding flakes of Maifanitum were obtained， and the main phases were plagioclase， potassium feldspar and quartz， and a few samples also contained illite， pyrite， iron dolomite， calcite， iron amphibole and chlorite， etc. The relative total content of feldspar phases was 61.9%-82.4%， and the relative content of quartz was 12.6%-33.6%. The XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis method of Maifanitum with 13 common peaks as the characteristic fingerprint information was established， and the similarity calculated by the mean correlation coefficient method was 0.920 9-0.997 7， the similarity calculated by the mean angle cosine method was 0.940 5-0.998 4， the similarity calculated by the median correlation coefficient method was 0.921 1-0.997 5， and the similarity calculated by the median angle cosine method was 0.947 5-0.998 2. ConclusionThe polarized light microscopic identification characteristics of Maifanitum are mainly plagioclase， quartz and potassium feldspar， and the technique of powder crystal XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis can be used for the identification of Maifanitum.