Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the chemiluminescence immunoassay particles (CMIA)in the diagnosis of syphilis.Methods The serum specimens from 150 cases of syphilis in our hospital were selected as the observation group and con-temporaneous 150 serum samples from non-syphilis healthy people were selected as the control group.The toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST),treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA)and CMIA were adopted to conduct the detection. The sensitivity,accuracy and specificity of the three kinds of method were calculated and their differences were compared and ana-lyzed.Results The sensitivity of TRUST and TPPA and CMIA was 65.3%,97.7% and 99.3% respectively,the specificity was 74.7%,97.3% and 100.0% respectively,the accuracy was 70.0%,97.0% and 99.7% respectively,the difference among three kinds of methods had statistical significance (P <0.05).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of TRUST were lower than those of CMIA and TPPA (P <0.017),there was no statistically significant difference between CMIA and TPPA (P >0.017).Conclu-sion CMIA is equivalent to TPPA in the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy,is superior to TRUST,and has the advantages of sim-ple operation,objective results and good repeatability.

Metabolic studies were carried out on nine male infants to investigatethe digestibility and utilization of some of the nutrients of the Milk-substitute 5410, there by ascertaining whether those nutrients could satisfy their requirements. From the results of the chemical analyses of the foods and excreta of the infants, statistical treatment of the records on the fre- quency of defecation, the amount and form of the stools, and the growth rate of the infants, it was possible to evaluate the apparent energy utilization of the milk-substitute.The ages of the infants at the beginning of the experiment were 37-77 days, and 6-7 months at the end. The experiment was divided into five periods: in the first and second periods the infants were fed alternately with the milk-substitute and powdered whole milk diet; in the third and fourth periods the diets were the same as the first and second but supplemented with cod liver oil concentrate (sbout 1500 1. U. vitamin A and 500 I. U. vitamin D per day). In the fifth period the protein content of the milk-substitute was raised from 16.6% to 22.6%, supplemented also with cod liver oil. In periods when the infants were fed with the milk substitute alone, the number of defecation was significantly less and loose stools fewer than in the milk diet period. Introduction of cod liver oil tended to reduce the dry weight of the feces. When the milk-substitute with higher protein content was given, the number of defecation increased and occurence of diarrhea was more frequent but not more so than during the cow's milk powder period.From the statistical analyses of the results, it was found that the digestibility of protein and carbohydrate of the milk-substitute was significantly lower than that of cow's milk powder but that of fat was higher. Introduction of cod liver oil increased the digestibility of protein, fat, carbohydrate and crude fibre. There was no significant difference between the availability of energy of the milk-substitute and cow's milk powder, the former being 90.9% while the latter 91.7%.The growth curves of the nine infants showed that the higher the food intake, the higher the growth rate. The caloric intakes of eight infants were 100-120 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day and their growth rates were almost identical. The caloric intake of one infant was consistently below 100 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day and his growth rate was significantly lower. It may be concluded, therefore, that when the Milk-substitute 5410 is given to infants supplying 100-120 kcal per kilogram of body weight per day, would be adequate for normal growth.

Previous feeding experiments on infants have shown that the growth promoting effect of the milk-substitute 5410 was comparable to that of hu- man milk or a milk powder diet. In order to know more about the biochemical and physiological properties of this mixture, nine male infants were put in serial metabolic studies with respect to the digestion, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus utilization of this soybean product.The age of the infants were 37-77 days at the beginning of the experiment, and 6-7 months at the end. The infants were fed with the milk-substitute and a milk powder diet in alternative periods each of which lasted 2-4 weeks. In the first and second periods the infants were fed milk powder or milk-substitute alone, while in the third and forth periods the same diets were supplemented with concentrated cod liver oil, and in the fifth period the infants were fed with another soybean product similar to mixture 5410 but with higher protein content.The digestibility of protein and the absorption of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus of mixture 5410 were significantly lower than those of the milk powder diet. However, the nitrogen retention were the same during these two dietary periods (191 and 196 mg per kilo per day). The calcium and phosphorus retention were signigicantly lower during periods without cod liver oil (24 and 24 mg per kilo per day) but improved markedly after supplementation (58 and 36 mg per kilo per day).On the average, each infant received from the milk-substitute 4.3g of protein per kilo per day. The amount of calcium ingested was 850 mg per day; it seems to be that supplementation with cod liver oil is necessary for adequate calcium retention at this level of intake.Raising the protein content of the milk-substitute by further addition of soybean powder may increase the nitrogen retention, but it tends to lower the absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus due to increased amount of fecal excretion.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of serum lipids levels in young women with paraplegia in sedantary lifestyles.Methods 183 female paraplegics who admitted in China Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRRC) from Jan 2004 to Dec 2009 were investigated.Lipid profiles included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Results Female paraplegics showed higher mean TG and TC levels than mean levels of Chinese females (TG 1.44 mmol/L vs. 1.24 mmol/L; TC 4.45 mmol/L vs. 4.30 mmol/L). But no difference was found in HDL and LDL levels. TG, TC and LDL levels were correlated positively to age (r=0.158, P<0.05; r=0.271, P<0.01; r=0.207, P<0.01, respectively), but HDL showed no correlation to age. Prevalence of dislipidemia was 60%, including low HDL(33%), high TC(25%), high TG(24%), and high LDL(21%). Conclusion Lack of exercise may result in some dyslipidemia and increase cardiovascular risks in women who are under estrogen protection.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures can effectively relieve acute pain and has the advantages of smal trauma, good curative effect and less complications, but for patients with osteoporotic compression fractures, there were varying degrees of osteoporosis after surgery, which have a longer course of disease and cannot be easy to cure. So the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty cannot be ful y evaluated based on the pain relief. OBJECTIVE:To study the curative effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty for patients with fresh osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. METHODS:We selected 24 patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty and 24 patients receiving conservative treatment at the same time who had fresh osteoporotic compression fractures as research objects;and compared pain degree, vertebral body height and the kyphosis Cobb angle, function activity of the lower lumbar before and after treatment, the quality of life and clinical incidence of complications within 6 months after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The degree of pain, the vertebral body height, kyphosis Cobb angle, function activity of the lower lumbar were al improved in the two groups after treatment (P<0.05), and these indexes in the percutaneous vertebroplasty group were better than those in the conservative treatment group (P<0.05). The quality of life and incidence of complications within 6 months after treatment were improved better in the percutaneous vertebroplasty group than the conservative treatment group (both P<0.05). These results suggest that the percutaneous vertebroplasty for fresh osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can effectively reduce the pain of patients, improve vertebral deformity and activities of the lower lumbar, and has obvious role in promoting the postoperative quality of life of patients.

Objective To explore the effects of walking in water on surface electromyography (sEMG) of lower limbs and neural func-tion in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Methods From June, 2014 to May, 2016, 42 patients with incomplete thoracolumbar SCI were di-vided into control group (n=21) and experimental group (n=21) randomly. All the patients accepted routine rehabilitation, while the experi-mental group accepted extra walking in water. Average electromyography (AEMG) of quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles was measured, and the motor and sense function was assessed with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Classification before and six weeks after treatment. Results The AEMG (t>5.763, P<0.01) and the scores of motor and sense (t>10.871, P<0.001) increased in both groups after treatment, and increased more in the experimental group than in the control group (t>4.036, P<0.01). Conclusion Walking in water could further improve lower limbs muscle strength and neural function in patients with incomplete thoracolumbar SCI.

Pathophysiological changes, such as the vulvovaginal atrophy, reduction in the proportion of lactobacilli, unbalance of the vaginal flora and impaired vaginal immune barrier, can result in a series of symptoms, signs and diseases affecting the health and quality of life in postmenopausal women.This article reviews the change characteristics and related mechanisms of the microbial flora in postmenopausal women in terms of the type, quantity and proportion of vaginal flora, and clarifies efficacy and its mechanisms of systemic and topical estrogen therapy on the improvement of intravaginal environment and urogenital symptoms, in order to improve the quality life in postmenopausal women.

Objective To investigate normal patellar morphology,then to explore its possible instructive significance in the design of patella prosthesis for Chinese people and in the process of resurfacing patella.Methods CT scan examinations were performed in 60 normal knees (left or right knee was selected randomly； scan region,from half proximal tibia to half distal femur) of 60 healthy Chinese adults (32 males,28 females； age range,18-54 years； mean age,33.7 years),then mimics software was used to reconstruct the 3-D morphology of each patella and new coronal and sagittal planes were created.Each patella's height,width,thickness,the position of the dome,the ratio of height/width,and the residual thickness after patella was resected at the level of the subchondral bone of the lateral facet during the stimulating process of patella resurfacing were measured or calculated.Results Patella of Chinese male:height 31.95±2.77 mm,width 45.02±2.70 mm,thickness 22.38 ±1.63 mm,the residual thickness after patella was resected 13.18±1.62 mm； Patella of Chinese female:height 28.72±2.17 mm,width 39.57±2.57 mm,thickness 19.88±1.36 mm,the residual thickness after patella was resected 11.20±1.20 mm.Significant differences existed between male and female for all the above four parameters.Patella of Chinese male:the ratio of width/height 1.42 ±0.11,the position of the dome (medial 42.9％)； Patella of Chinese female:the ratio of width/height 1.38±0.10,the position of the dome (medial 42.6％).No significant differences existed between male and female for the above two parameters.Conclusion The patella of Chinese people is small,thin and slim,especially in Chinese female.These findings should be considered in selecting or designing patella prosthesis to fit the Chinese people.For Chinese female,more attention should be paid to keep appropriate residual thickness after the patella was resected during the process of patella resurfacing.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum creatinine(SCr) to monitor the renal function of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods1298 SCI patients were investigated in Beijing Charity Hospital from January 2004 to May 2009. 249 healthy people were involved as control. The data of SCr were analysed.ResultsThe level of SCr for the SCI patients was (56.81±14.33) μmol/L with normal distribution, 95% CI was 28.73～84.89 μmol/L; The level of SCr for the healthy people was (75.98±11.34) μmol/L, 95% CI was 57.36～101.80 μmol/L. The level of SCr was significantly lower in the SCI patients comparing to the healthy people (P<0.01). Among the SCI patients, the level of SCr was (59.59±13.76) μmol/L for male while (46.41±11.31) μmol/L for female(P<0.05). There was no difference in level of SCr among different ages of the SCI patients(P>0.05). The characteristics were likely in the two groups. There was no difference in level of SCr between paraplegic (55.54±14.96) μmol/L and quadriplegic (57.67±13.83) μmol/L (P>0.05).ConclusionThe characteristics of level of SCr were likely in SCI patients and healthy people with normal distribution. The level of SCr was lower in SCI patients comparing to healthy people, which was higher for male SCI patients comparing to female SCI patients.

A modification of Watkinson's method was used for the flaorimetric determination of selenium in blood, hair, urine and animal tissues with 2,3-Di-aminonaphthalene. A mixture of sulphuric, perchloric acid and sodium molybdate was used for digestion. As little as 3 ng selenium in the sample could be estimated out. Coefficients of variation and recoveries for blood, hair, urine and animal tissues were 3.9, 5.5, 3.3 and 5.6%, and 97.0, 95.0, 97.8 and 99.8% respectively. No significant difference in selenium content estimated was found as graded amounts of samples were taken for analysis, indicating no foreign interference in the extracts. Both precision and accuracy of this method are satisfactory.