This paper presents a new design method and basic principle for the data acquisition system of the biochemical analyzer. The hardware, software configuration and principle of A/D converter module are also introduced. Field experiment shows that the system is effective and can satisfy related accuracy specification.

In this paper,the authors elaborated the difficulties of schistosomiasis control and analyzed shortages and problems of the skills currently used.In order to consolidate the progress in schistosomiasis control and reach the transmission-blocking target,research priorities on the disease control technologies are proposed.

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of Pe in clinical samples of chronic periapical periodontitis.Methods:A total of 100 clinical samples of chronic periapical periodontitis were collected and Pe 16S rDNA was detected by using 16S rDNA gene-directed PCR.The detection rate of Pe were calculated.Results:The detection rate of Pe was 50% in the 100 clinical samples.Conclusion:The results indicate that Pe is closely associated with endodontic infections.

Objective To investigate the stress changes of intervertebral disk of degenerative scoliosis (DS) after treatment with short-segment internal fixation and fusion.Methods Based on the DS patient's CT images of the successive spinal column from T12 to superior segment of S1,assigning special material attributes to the model and forming the integrated and effective three dimensional finite element model of DS.Treated with the short-segment (one-segment and two-segment) spinal canal decompression +intervertebral bone fusion+pedicle screw internal fixation.Loading the model on the following postures:anteflexion,postextension,left lateral inclination,right lateral incliniation,left rotation and right rotation.Calculating and analyzing the stress distribution of intervertebral disk and comparing to that of the preoperative normal DS model.Results The stress of intervertebral disk after the short-segment internal fixation and fusion was increased than that of preoperation.The rotation motion affected greater to the upper intervertebral disk of fixation segment and the extension motion affected greater to the inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment.The increase of stress of upper and inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment treated with one-segment fixation and fusion(average was 6.03,4.58 MPa,separately) was greater than that of the two-segment fixation and fusion (average was 5.24,4.47 MPa,separately),but there was no statisticdifference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The short-segment intemal fixation can increase the intervertebral disk stress of adjacent segment fixation of DS.The effect on the stress of upper and inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment of one-segment fixation and fusion is greater than that of two-segment fixation and fusion.And the patient should avoid the rotation and extension movements after treated with the short-segment internal fixation and fusion.

BACKGROUND:Spine is relatively complex in structure, shape, material properties, and load bearing. The traditional biomechanical method cannot solve these problems. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the stress distribution of intervertebral disc, zygapophysial joints and vertebral body of degenerative scoliosis, and to provide accordance to the biomechanical mechanism of degenerative scoliosis occurrence and development. METHODS:Based on the successive CT images of spinal column from T12 to superior segment of S1 of degenerative scoliosis patients, the special material properties were attributed to the model to form the integrated and effective three-dimensional finite element model of degenerative scoliosis. The model was loaded on the anteflexion, extension, left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left rotation and right rotation conditons. Then the spinal activity and the stress distribution of intervertebral disc, vertebral body and articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The spinal activities of degenerative scoliosis finite element model were less than those of common lumbar spine. The stress distribution of intervertebral disc was inclined to the verge of it and the greatest stress was appeared on the extension motion. The apex of scoliosis was the place of stress concentration and the obvious stress concentration of articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints was appeared on the rotation motion, then fol owed by the extension motion, especial y that of articular cartilage of zygapophysial joints on the apex of scoliosis. Stress concentration is easily appeared on the apex of scoliosis, and the extension and rotation motion can aggravate the development of degenerative scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish and validate the method for the determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) in human plas-ma,and to apply the method for external quality assessment. METHODS:After precipitated with acetonitrile,the plasma sample was determined by LC-MS/MS. Using loratadine as internal standard,the determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of water (containing 0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.6 ml/min and column temperature of 40 ℃. The ion transitions under MRM mode by ESI+ ionization were performed at m/z 237.1→194.0 and m/z 383.1→267.0 for CBZ and internal standard,respectively. RESULTS:The linear range of CBZ were 5-1 000 ng/ml (r>0.998). The limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml. RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were 1.00%-6.42%;relative deviation were -6.93%-0.32%. The external quality assessment of 5 samples were 679.0,475.0,104.0,29.2 and 26.2 ng/ml,respectively. The pass rate of assess-ment result was 100%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is sensitive,accurate and specific. The method is applicable for the plasma concentration determination and external quality assessment of CBZ.

Objective:To evaluate the uncertainty in the determination of lamotrigine(LTG)in human plasma by LC-MS/ MS. Methods:The uncertainty sources in the determination of LTG were analyzed and the uncertainty was evaluated and combined. Re-sults:The expanded uncertainty of LTG at low(0. 050 4 μg· ml - 1 )and high(1. 27 μg· ml - 1 )concentrations was 0. 005 18 μg· ml - 1 and 0. 066 4 μg· ml - 1 ,respectively(P = 95% ,k = 2). Conclusion:The uncertainty in the determination of LTG in human plasma by LC-MS/ MS is mainly caused by the protein precipitation recovery,matrix effect and sample preparation at low concentration, and by the matrix effect,sample preparation and repeatability at high concentration.

Objective To evaluate the effect of alprostadil on acute lung injury in septic rats. Methods Thirty adult male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), acute lung injury group ( group ALI) , and alprostadil group ( group Q) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% pentobarbital sodium 5 ml∕100 g. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. In group Q, al?prostadil ( 10 μg∕2 ml) 2 ml∕kg was injected via the tail vein at 30 min before cecal ligation and puncture. The equal volume of normal saline was given in S and ALI groups. At 24 h after operation, blood samples were taken for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor?alpha ( TNF?α) and interleukin?6 ( IL?6) con?centrations by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The animals were then sacrificed. The left lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination, and the right lungs were immediately removed for deter?mination of wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio ) , and expression of TNF?α mRNA and high mobility group box?1 ( HMGB1) using real?time reverse transcriptase?polymerase chain reaction. Results Com?pared with group S, the concentrations of serum TNF?α and IL?6 were significantly increased, and the ex?pression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was up?regulated, and W∕D ratio was increased in ALI and Q groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group ALI, the concentrations of serum TNF?αand IL?6 were signifi? cantly decreased, and the expression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was down?regulated, and W∕D ratio was decreased in group Q ( P<0?05) . The pathological changes of left lungs were significantly attenua?ted in group Q as compared with group ALI. Conclusion Alprostadil can reduce acute lung injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to down?regulation of HMGB1 expression and inhibition of inflam?matory responses.

Objective:To evaluate the uncertainty in carbamazepine ( CBZ) determination in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Methods:The whole process of CBZ determination was analyzed and the uncertainty sources were established, and then the uncertainty was evaluated and combined, and the expanded uncertainty was also calculated. Results: The expanded uncertainty of CBZ with low (7.46 ng·ml-1) and high (745 ng·ml-1) levels was 0.410 ng·ml-1 and 33.400 ng·ml-1, respectively (P=95%, k=2). Conclusion:The uncertainty in CBZ determination in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery, sample prepara-tion and matrix effect for low concentration, and by sample preparation and repeatability for high concentration.

Abstract:Objective To study the pathogen of root surface caries in the elderly. Methods Plaque samples from the experimental group and the control group were collected. After culturing in selective and non-selective media, the different bacteria were isolated. The counts and the positive rates of total bacteria, porphyromonas group, pervotella group, streptococcus mutants group, actinomyces group and lactobacillus group were compared.Results The counts of total bacteria, streptococcus mutants, actinomyces and lactobacillus of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. The positive rates of actinomyces and lactobacillus of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion Actinomyces and lactobacillus are the main related pathogens of root surface caries in the elderly.