Objective: To investigate effect of soyasaponins in the prevention of hyperlipidemia in mice and its molecular mechanism. Methods: 56 healthy mice were randomly divided into 7 groups according to their levels of TC in serum: normal control, high fat control, high fat with 20mg/kg.d gypenosides,high fat with soyasaponins of four doses(5 mg/kg.d, 10mg/kg.d, 20mg/kg.d, 30 mg/kg.d). Results: As compared to high fat control soyasaponins significantly reduced the serum TC, LDL-C, TG concentrations, and increased the HDL-C levels distinctly. They significantly deceased MDA content, increased the activities of SOD and LPL in liver. The results of RT-PCR showed that high fat feeding could induce the reduction of LPL mRNA expression, while soyasaponins could increase it. Conclusion: Soyasoponins prevent hyperlipidemia through upregulation of LPL mRNA expression and increase of antioxidative capacity.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Methods Thirty-six female SD rats weighing 170-210 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12 each):sham operation group (group S), normal body temperature group (group NT ) and mild hypothermia group (group MH). Arterio-venous fistula was established by end-to-end anastomosis between the right common carotid artery and right external jugular vein for 6 weeks followed by reperfusion. In group MH, mild hypothermia was induced at the initiation of reperfusion and the rectal temperature was reduced to 31.5-32.5 ℃. In group S and NT, the rectal temperature was maintained at 37-38 ℃. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3 and 48 h of reperfusion. The brains were immediately removed for determination of the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, HIF-1α mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA and microscopic examination. Results Compared with group S, the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α mRNA at 3 and 48 h of reperfusion and GLUT-1 mRNA at 3 h of reperfusion was up-regulated, while the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-1 mRNA at 48 h of reperfusion was down-regulated in group NT (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NT, the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-1α mRNA at 48 h of reperfusion and HIF-1α mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA at 3 h of reperfusion was down-regulated, while the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-1 mRNA at 48 h of reperfusion was up-regulated in group MH (P ＜ 0.05).Microscopic examination showed that the injury to the ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier was significantly attenuated in group MH compared with group NT. Conclusion Mild hypothermia can attenuate chronic ischemia-reperfusion injury by down-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and up-regulating the expression of GLUT-1.

This study was aimed to establish fingerprints of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different geographical origins,and to use the method of pattern recognition to compare the differences of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different habitats.In this study,high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish fingerprints for 25 batches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from 4 habitats.Furthermore,similarity evaluation,cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed.The results from established fingerprints showed that a total of 26 common peaks were pointed out and 4 peaks were identified as the common peaks.The CA and PCA can be used to compare Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different habitats.It was concluded that Cirri Sarcodactylis Fructus in near geographic origins had a higher similarity,while the different geographic origins had a higher difference.

Objective To investigate rite effects of loag-term exposure to low-level sevoflurane on reproductive function in mice.Method F0ny male ICR mice,aged 60 d,weighlag 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):control group received no sevoflunme(C);group S1-3 were exposed to 0.003%.0.01% and 0.03% sevoflurane 2 h per day for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks respectively. The mice were then sacrificed at the end of the 8 weeks.The testes and epididymis were emoved and sampled for determination of the activities of total lactic dehydregenase(LDH)and lactic dehydrogenase-X(LDH-X),and the motility rate,amount,and aberration rate of sperm.Testicular uhrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The sperm motifity nne were significantly lower.the sperm aberration rate higher and the activity of LDH-X lower in group S3 than in group C(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parametem between group SI and group S2(P>0.05).The pathology changed of testes occurred only in group S3 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Long-term exposure to 0.03% sevoflurane can result in the abnormality of the reproductive function in male mice but exposure to≤0.01%sevoflurane dose not.

The safe-care practiced by the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University is designed to make continued improvements of the quality of care and enhance hospital management.The paper first explained the concept of the model as upholding Xiangya spirit,standardized management,good clinical service pattern,enhanced continuing education and training,enhanced doctor-patient communication,risk prevention beforehand,enhanced team spirit,and enhanced information system.It went on to describe the measures taken by the hospital in implementing the mode,significance and steps for each measure taken,and initial outcomes achieved by the mode for both the hospital and patients in the end.

Obejective To explore the effect of combined use of dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone on postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil. Method 80 ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱ female patients who were scheduled to perform endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were randomly divided into four groups: purely remifentanil group (group R) and remifentanil plus different dosage dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone group (group RDN1 ~ RDN3). Then the postoperative VAS on 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h together with the firstpostoperative pain time , PCA press numbers , fentanyl usage and adverse reaction rate were recorded and evaluated. Results Average VAS of group R are higher than other groups in all 7 time points at the adjusted significant level of 0.0083, and group R > group RDN1 > group RDN2 > group RDN3, while differences between group RDN2 and RDN3 in all time points are not statistical significant.There is no difference between group RDN1 and group RDN2 inthe first postoperative pain time and the PCA press time at 1h after operation. Difference between group RDN2 and group RDN3 in the PCA press time at 24 h after operation was not significant, and the fentanyl usage of RDN groups are significantly less than group R. Conclusions Combined use of dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone induced by remifentanil can improving patients′postoperative hyperalgesia , effect increase with the dose of dexmedetomidine increas , and the increasement is more sensitive in acute pain.

Objective To investigate the effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA)on cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) mRNA and protein expression in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes,and the mechanism for cytotoxity of PMA against keratinocytes.MethodsRT-PCR and Westem blot were utilized to detect the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein in cultured HaCaT ells at 24 hours after the treatment with various concentrations of PMA (0.1,1.0,10 mg/L).ResultsWithout any treatment,there was no or a weak expression df COX-2 mRNA and protein in HaCaT cells;incubation witll PMA resulted in the induction of the expression of COX-2 in HaCaT cells.The expression levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein in 10 mg/L PMA-pretreated HaCaT cells were significantly higher than those in 1.0 mg/L PMA-pretreated HaCaT cells,which was in turn higher than that in 0.1 mg/L PMA-pretreated cells and untreated cells;the difrerence was statistically significant (all P＜0.01).Conclusion These results suggest that PMA may be involved in keratinocyte tumorigenesis by upregulating he expression of COX-2 as well as synthesis and release of prostaglandin in keratinocytes.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 750 mg for 5 days versus 500 mg for 7‐14 days intravenous (IV ) infusion in the treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP ) . Methods This study was a multi‐center , randomized , open‐label , non‐inferiority , controlled clinical trial .The CAP patients were randomized to receive levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily for 5 days or levofloxacin 500 mg IV daily for 7‐14 days .The clinical symptoms , laboratory tests , imaging results and microbiology data were collected and compared between the two treatment groups in terms of efficacy and safety .Results A total of 241 patients were enrolled in this clinical trial from 10 study centers .Among these patients ,223 were eligible for full analysis set (FAS) analysis ,including 111 in 750 mg group and 112 in 500 mg group .Of the 223 patients in FAS ,211 were eligible for per‐protocol set (PPS) analysis ,including 107 in 750 mg group and 104 in 500 mg group .Two hundred and forty‐one patients were included in safety set (SS) ,including 121 patients in 750 mg group and 120 in 500 mg group .The median treatment duration was 5 .0 days in 750 mg and 9 .0 days in 500 mg group .The median total dose was 3 750 mg in 750 mg group and 4 500 mg in 500 mg group .The overall efficacy rate was 86 .2% in 750 mg group and 84 .7% in 500 mg group in terms of FAS at visit 4 ,which suggested that the efficacy of 750 mg group was non‐inferior to 500 mg group .Of the 111 FAS patients in 750 mg group ,40 were bacteriological evaluable ,and 41 strains of pathogens were isolated .Forty‐nine of the 112 FAS patients in 500 mg group were bacteriological evaluable ,and 51 bacterial strains were obtained .The bacterial eradication rate was 100% in both groups .The clinical treatment efficacy rate for atypical pathogens was 100% in both groups .In 750 mg group ,the most common clinical adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were injection site adverse reactions including injection site pruritus ,pain and hyperemia .The other common ADRs were insomnia ,nausea ,skin rash .The most common drug‐related laboratory abnormalities were neutrophil percentage decreased , decreased white blood cell (WBC ) count , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation .Most of the ADRs were mild in severity and well‐tolerated .The safety profile of the two treatments was comparable in terms of the drug‐related treatment discontinuation and the incidence of ADRs .Conclusions The short‐course regimen of levofloxacin 750 mg IV for 5 days is at least as effective and well tolerated as the long‐course regimen of 500 mg IV for 7‐14 days in treatment of CAP .

Objective:To explore the value of changes of plasma amino acids in the diagnosis of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by Citrin deficiency (NICCD).Methods:A total of 144 infants diagnosed with cholestasis and undergoing blood tandem mass spectrometry in Jiangxi Children′s Hospital From January 2016 to December 2018 were studied.They were divided into 3 groups: NICCD group(11 cases), biliary atresia group (BA group, 40 cases), and Cholestatic Cytomegalovirus hepatitis group (CMV group, 93 cases). The plasma amino acids and biochemical results of the 3 groups were compared, and the data of the 3 groups were statistically analyzed by Kruskal- Wallis test.The items with statistical discrepancy were examined by Mann- Whitney test between groups. Results:Compared with BA group and CMV group, the levels of arginine(Arg), methionine(Met), tyrosine(Tyr), citrulline (Cit), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ratio(AST/ALT) in NICCD group increased significantly, while the level of alanine(Ala) decreased.The above discrepancy were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The Arg, Met, Tyr, Cit, AST/ALT, and Ala levels of NICCD group were 68.518(19.714, 108.470) μmol/L, 111.724(42.156, 214.585) μmol/L, 104.394(75.642, 146.086) μmol/L, 165.664(119.874, 291.327) μmol/L, 3.17(1.97, 3.98), and 140.297(112.052, 184.015) μmol/L, respectively.The Arg, Met, Tyr, Cit, AST/ALT, and Ala levels of BA group were 29.470(10.739, 48.124) μmol/L, 32.938(24.918, 44.013) μmol/L, 78.244(66.814, 94.479) μmol/L, 23.698(19.450, 27.714) μmol/L, 1.54(1.23, 1.95), and 244.246(214.554, 295.729) μmol/L, respectively.The Arg, Met, Tyr, Cit, AST/ALT, and Ala levels of CMV group were 16.507(8.220, 28.566) μmol/L, 30.997(23.739, 37.183) μmol/L, 76.120(64.004, 86.290) μmol/L, 21.272(17.040, 24.111) μmol/L, 1.19(0.96, 1.48), and 228.468(191.131, 260.056) μmol/L, respectively.In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve of Ala, Arg, Met, Tyr, Cit and AST/ALT in diagnosing NICCD were 0.886, 0.770, 0.906, 0.745, 0.999, and 0.887, respectively. Conclusions:The changes of plasma amino acids provides a basis for early diagnosis of NICCD.Elevated Arg, Met, Tyr, Cit and decreased Ala have high diagnostic value of NICCD.Combined with the degree of biochemical changes, plasma amino acids can help with clinical diagnosis of the disease and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To construct a scoring system of combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized children with acute diarrhea were retrospectively analyzed. All of the children were divided into two groups, invasive bacterial diarrhea group and nonbacterial diarrhea group. The scoring system of combination of two markers for diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children was constructed by means of two categories logistic regression analysis using procalcitonin and C- reactive protein as parameters. In addition,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.Results One hundred ten cases of invasive bacterial diarrhea and 108 cases of nonbacterial diarrhea were included. The levels of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in invasive bacterial diarrhea group were significantly higher than those in nonbacterial diarrhea group, and there were statistical difference(P all<0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of invasive bacterial diarrhea was 0.894 when the established scoring system was used, which was higher than the AUCs when either serum procalcitonin or in C- reactive protein was used (P<0.05). The best diagnostic boundary value for combination of serum procalcitonin and C- reactive protein scoring was 0.52 with a sensitivity at 80.9% and specificity at 88.9%. Conclusions The scoring system of combination of procalcitonin and C- reactive protein has good accuracy in diagnosis of invasive bacterial diarrhea in children, and can assist the early diagnosis of the disease.