Objective To investigate the estrogen receptor expression character on neurons and glial cells of rat at different ages. Methods Brain sections from normal and injured rats of different ages were chosen to observe the ER immunohistochemistry reaction in cerebrum. Results To compare with normal young rat group,the neurons in hippocampus dentate gyrus of normal aged rat group expressed much less estrogen receptors.There were many ER-positive glial cells appearing in hippocampus of brain injured was rat group,and the positive strain of young injured was much stronger than that of aged rat group.Conclusion The decrease of ER on neurons in dentate gyrus makes the aged more apt to neurodegeneration.The young rats may better utilize the neuroprotection of estrogen against injuries by increasing the amount of ER on glial cells.

Objective:To investigate the difference in expression of FasL and ICAM-1 in the tonsillar HEV associated with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT).Methods:Human tonsils were obtained from the patients with RT (n=18) or IgAN (n=12).HE staining was used to show the morophometry of the tonsillar HEV.CD20+,CD3+ lymphocytes and distribution of FasL and ICAM-1 in the HEV were observed with immunohistochemical stained tissue section.The quantitatively experimental data from pathological image analysis were compared between IgAN and RT group.Results:(1)The expressing intensity of ICAM-1 was (0.435 5?0.002) in IgAN group and (0.239 5?0.010 4) in RT group,respectively (P0.05).Conclusion:A significant increase in the number of tonsillar HEV and increased lymphocytes in HEVs may indicate the abnormalities in peripheral blood in the patients with IgAN,thus leading to an overactivation of the tonsillar HEVs that induce Fas-dependent apoptosis in such patients.A stronger biological effective adhesion molecule promotes the transendothelial migration of lymphocytes across HEVs of palatine tonsil,which appears to be connected with the development of IgAN.

BACKGROUND: Microglia is the immune effect cell in central nervous system, if it is activated, it will release neuron poisoning factors and inflammatory factors, and bring fatal injury.OBJECTIVE: To investigated the effect of focal cerebral reperfusion on activation of microglia and the effect of the regulation of electroacupuncturing Shuigou and Baihui.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled study.SETTING: The department of Physioltherapy, the 458 Hospital of Chinese PLA; Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Tongji University; The department of Histology-embryology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: This experiment was processed at Histology-embryology Center of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in March 2002. Total 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 in each group.METHODS: ① Normal control group: The rats were not given any treatment and killed next day. ② Sham operation group: Only artery was separated, no suture inserted, killed next day. ③ 6, 12 and 24-hour reperfusion groups: The rats' right middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia-reperfusion model was made by embolus suture technique, then the rat was killed after 30 minutes' occlusion at MCA and reperfusing respectively 6, 12, 24hours. ④ 6-hour reperfusion + electroacupuncture group: Electroacupuncture was carried out immediately after the model was made, then the rat was killedafter 30 minutes' occlusion at MCA and reperfusion 6 hours (The frequency was 4 Hz-16 Hz. Stimulus intensity increased 1 V per 10minutes and the final intensity was 3V. The stimulus was lasted 30 minutes). ⑤ 12-hour reperfusion + electroacupuncture B group: Electroacupuncture was carried out immediately after the model was made and 8 hours later, then the rat was killed after 30 minutes' occlusion at MCA and reperfusion 12 hours. ⑥ 24-hour reperfusion + electroacupuncture group: Electroacupuncture was carried out immediately after the model was made and 8, 16 hours later, then the rat was killed after 30 minutes' occlusion at MCA and reperfusion 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To calculate numbers of microglia and to observe its morphological changes.RESULTS: Data of totally 67 rats was entered the results analysis. No microglia was seen in the normal and sham operation groups. Large quantity of microglia was activated at the border of ischemic area in 6, 12 and 24reperfusion group, their quantity was largely increased, reaching apex at reperfusion 12 hours [(35.38±1.77), (54.25±1.67), (49.29±2.21)/200sights]. The quantity in every 6, 12 and 24 reperfusion + electroacupuncture group was less than that in model group [(32.11±2.80), (50.88±2.64),(45.45±3.95)/200 sights, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: The microglia in brain is activated after the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and induces toxic effect on neurons. The electroacupuncture can decrease activation of microglia so as to protect the neurons.

Objective To reassess the value of CT and clinical criteria as prognostic and severity indicators in acute pancreatitis and to investigate the correlation between them.Methods Of 65 cases of acute pancreatitis,the hospitalization days,fevering days and entire complications (including local and systemic complications)were regarded as clinical endpoints.CT criteria included Balthazar's plain CT scan score,necrosis score,CT severity index(CTSI) and London's PSI score.Clinical criteria included Ranson and APACHE Ⅱscore.Using analysis of variance,t-test and multiple linear regression analysis,the correlation between each criteria and the three clinical endpoints was examined as well as the relation between CT and clinical criteria.The power of each criteria and combination of CT and clinical criteria in predicting entire complications of AP was assessed and compared by using ROC analysis.Results The mean scores of PSI,Ranson and APACHE Ⅱamong three groups classified according to entire complications were significantly different.Except Balthazar's plain CT scan criteria,each criteria's mean scores in group with local complications was signifiantly higher than that in group without and entire complications was significantly more in sever group than that in mild group.Mean hospitalization days and fevering days were significantly longer in sever group than that in mild group with Ranson Score.PSI and Ranson score had linear correlation with fevering days,and Ranson score had linear correlation with hospitalization days.In CT criteria,a linear correlation was only found between PSI and Ranson score.ROC analysis showed the Az of Ranson score was the largest,and there was no increase in the Az when CT criteria were added to clinical criteria.Conclusion The predictive value of Ranson score and PSI are superior to that of others.Clinical criteria is superior in predicting systemic complications,whereas CT is superior in predicting local complications.There is no improvement in predicting entire complications of AP when CT criteria are added to clinical criteria.The findings of plain CT scan is found to be some laggard compared with that of clinic.CT scan and short follow-up are important in the evaluation of AP.

The aim is to explore a teaching-centered management system to suit the development of clinical medicine education for international students by setting the educational aim and making training plans in combination with the present condition of the university.All the aspects of teaching such as the establishment of the teaching rules,training of the teachers,reform in teaching,teaching material as well as the teaching and student management and the service in the dorm are strengthened,so as to ensure the steady development of the foreign students education.

Teaching the foreign students clinical medicine in English in the earlier period of foreign students education has played a vital role but also has such problems as teachers,difficulties in the later teaching and so on.Through practice we find that it is necessary to transit the mode from teaching in English to bilingual education,and finally teaching in Chinese in the internship to conform with the present medical foreign students education situation.Therefore ability of teaching in English and proficiency in Chinese are needed to improved as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate postoperative psychological experiences of patients underwent kidney transplant donated by his/her parent,and to discover mental signs and psychological journey in individual growth.Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among 17 patients underwent kidney transplant donated by his/her parent,and Giorgi analysis method was used to analyze data.Results The postoperative psychological experiences of patients mainly contained 4 aspects:posttraumatic growth,rebuilding meaning of life,being grateful for experience,coexisting of hope and challenge.Conclusion The patients have complex psychological experiences,having positive aspects derived from rehabilitation and improved quality of life,as well as negative aspects derived from concerning health of the donor,fear for complication and rejection,and lack of sound supporting system.Medical staff should guide patients to adjust cognitive and behavioral patterns and face life events directly,integrate medical/social support resources and enhance patients' psychological capital to face future life.

To examine the aging-related changes of microglia and astrocytes in hypothalamus of rats after intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline in rats, old- and young-aged rats were injected with hypertonic saline solution into peritoneal cavity. Lectin histochemical techniques using Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) and immunocytochemical method employing antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used to demonstrate microglia and astrocytes in the hypothalamus of the rats, and the positively-stained cells were analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis system. Our results showed that the numbers of microglia and astrocytes were significantly increased in the hypothalamus of old-aged rats. After intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline, the number of microglia was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus of both young- and old-aged groups. After introperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline, the number of GFAP positive cells was significantly increased in the hypothalamus of young rats, but the number of GFAP positive cells did not show significant change in the hypothalamus of old rats. It is concluded that in the hypothalamus of old-aged rats, the increase of microglia may be related with the aging or degeneration of neurons, and the increase of astrocytes may provide more nourishment required by the aged neurons. The microglia and astrocytes in the hypothalamus of the two group rats may be affected by hypertonic saline, and the response of these cells to the stimuli is characterized by some aging-related changes.

This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave (MMW) to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin (NS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application of ultrasound-guided mammotome surgery in breast tumor.Methods579 breast tumors from 273 patients underwent minimally invasive surgery by ultrasoundguided mammotome system.ResultsThrough 0.5cm incisal opening,all tumors were exactly,completely resected and no infaust surgery complication happened.ConclusionThe way of minimally invasive surgery of breast tumor by ultrasound-guided mammotome system was simple,precise,safe,minimally invasive and was accurate diagnosis.So popularizing this minimally invasive techniques was deserved.