Objective To characterize CD4+CD8+double-positive T ( DPT) cells in PBMCs from patients with tuberculosis(TB).Methods PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from patients with TB and healthy subjects.The subsets and percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and DPT cells in PBMCs were determined by flow cytometry.Cell surface markers ( CD45RO, CCR7 and CD25 ) and intracellular cytokines ( IFN-γand TNF-α) were detected directly and after ESAT-6/PPD stimulation.Re-sults Patients with TB showed a significantly increased DPT cells as compared with the cured individuals and healthy subjects (P<0.005).The levels of DPT cells were gradually decreased down to normal upon the treatment of pharmacotherapy.DPT cells expressed higher levet of CD25 than CD4+T and CD8+T cells ( P<0.005 ) . DPT cells could express more IFN-γand TNF-αupon the stimulation of ESAT-6/PPD (P<0.005).The analysis of memory phenotype indicated that DPT cells were memory T cells.Conclusion DPT cells in peripheral blood of the patients with tuberculosis played a critical role in protective immunity against tuberculosis.The alterations of DPT cells in PBMCs during the period of pharmacotherapy might be a potential indicator for the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective:To analyze the X-ray imaging characteristics of calcaneus in adult patients with osteoarticular diseases and its impact on disease diagnosis.Methods:Totally 78 patients (156 ankle joints) with osteoarticular diseases admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from June 2019 to June 2022 were selected as research subjects, including 72 cases of osteoarthritis and 6 cases of Kashin-Beck disease. Another 50 volunteers who underwent health examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as control group, all of them underwent calcaneal X-ray examination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of calcaneal X-ray parameters in predicting adult osteoarticular diseases.Results:Among 72 patients with osteoarthritis, 63 cases (87.50%) showed joint surface sclerosis in the calcaneal X-ray changes. Forty-seven cases (65.28%) had narrowing of the subtalar joint space; 14 cases showed disappearance of the subtalar joint space, accounting for 19.44%. Among the 6 patients with Kashin-Beck disease, the X-ray changes of the calcaneus showed joint surface sclerosis in 6 cases, narrowing of the subtalar joint space in 4 cases, and disappearance of the subtalar joint space in 2 cases. The length, height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and inclination angle of the calcaneus in patients with Kashin-Beck disease were all smaller than those in the osteoarthritis group and the control group, the height to length ratio of the calcaneus was higher than that in the osteoarthritis group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The length, height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and inclination angle of the calcaneus in patients of the osteoarthritis group were all smaller than those in the control group, and the height to length ratio of the calcaneus was higher than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and the height to length ratio of the calcaneus in predicting osteoarticular diseases (72 patients with osteoarthritis) were 92.5%, 87.6% and 80.4%, respectively, with specificity of 73.0%, 68.8% and 63.1%, respectively. Conclusion:The calcaneal X-ray manifestations of adult patients with osteoarticular diseases vary greatly, among which Bohler angle, Gissane angle, and height to length ratio of the calcaneus have certain accuracy in diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To investigate the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) combined with quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Methods:A total of 150 cases of breast cancer confirmed by pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. 68 cases had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis and 82 cases had no ALN metastasis. All breast lesions were examined by DKI and DCE-MRI before operation. We analyzed clinical case data, routine MRI features, DKI, and DCE-MRI parameters between two groups, including diffusion kurtosis (MK), mean diffusion rate (MD), volume transfer constant (K trans), extravascular volume fraction (Ve), and rate constant (Kep); The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of quantitative parameters for ALN metastasis of breast cancer. Results:The proportion of lesions with blurred edges in the metastatic group was higher than that in the non ALN metastatic group ( P=0.032); The proportion of uneven and circular enhancement within the ALN metastasis group was relatively high ( P=0.018). The MD value of the ALN transfer group was lower than that of the group without ALN transfer ( P=0.021); The MK value, K trans value, and Kep value were higher than those in the group without ALN metastasis (all P<0.01). The K trans value of DCE-MRI model was the most effective in diagnosing ALN metastasis of breast cancer, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.831; The AUC of DCE-MRI model was 0.833, which was higher than that of DKI model (AUC=0.733), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.208; P=0.027). The AUC of DCE-MRI and DKI models were higher than that of conventional MRI models ( Z=3.184, P=0.002; Z=1.917, P=0.046). The sensitivity and accuracy of combined DKI and DCE-MRI models in the diagnosis of ALN metastasis in breast cancer were higher than those of single model. Conclusions:DKI and DCE-MRI models can be used to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Among them, the K trans value of DCE-MRI model is the most effective in diagnosing axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo compare and estimate the diagnostic value and characteristic of different diagnostic methods (blood laboratory test, histological analysis, synovial fluid cytological test and microbiological examination) in detecting the presence of periprosthetic joint infection.

METHODSData of 52 patients underwent hip or knee joint revision in Peking University People's Hospital Arthritis Clinic and Research Center between July 2013 and March 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. For each patient, results of blood laboratory tests(peripheral-blood white blood cell, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP)), histological analysis, synovial fluid white cell count (SWCC), microbiological examinations (synovial fluid, tissue and prosthetic joint sonication fluid) were collected. Data were analyzed by t-test, independent sample median test or χ(2) test, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for each method were calculated and compared by receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTSThere were 30 female and 22 male patients. Twenty-one patients (40.4%) were diagnosed as PJI. The levels of CRP, ESR, IL-6 and Hs-CRP in patients with PJI were higher than that in aseptic failure patients (Z=23.084, 13.499, 5.796, 17.045, all P<0.05). The sensitivities of CRP, ESR, IL-6 and Hs-CRP were 90.5%, 81.0%, 95.0% and 90.0%. The sensitivities of histological analysis and SWCC were 55.0% and 70.6%, while they had high specificity as 89.7% and 85.7%. The sensitivity of sonication fluid culture was 90.0%, which was higher than that of tissue culture (71.4%) and synovial fluid culture (65.0%) (χ(2) = 5.333, 6.400, all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe tests of CRP, ESR, IL-6 and Hs-CRP have good value in detecting PJI preoperatively. Histological analysis and SWCC have high specificity, which could help to exclude PJI. Sonication fluid culture has a higher sensitivity than tissue culture and synovial fluid culture.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Prosthesis-Related Infections ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Synovial Fluid ; cytology

Objective To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in retirees from a community in Shanghai. Methods Observational study involved 9 943 retirees aged 50 and over in Shanghai. Both single factor and multi-factor analyses methods were used to describe the correlation between factors as:educational level,marital status,annual household income and risk of hypertension,coronary heart disease,stroke etc. A new defined compound index was used to assess the relevance of socioeconomic status on the risk of cardiovascular diseases,based on logistic regression model. Results After adjusted for age,the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these retirees was influenced by socioeconomic status. In general, opponent correlations in education levels and prevalence of hypertension were found between female and male. Compared with those having received college or higher education,the risk of hypertension increased in females when the education level declined,with OR as 1.08(95%CI:0.89-1.30). For those having had senior high school junior high school or elementary education,the risks of hypertension were 1.26(95%CI:1.05-1.51),1.34(95%CI:1.08-1.65),0.72(95%CI:0.59-0.87),0.78 (95%CI:0.64-0.94),and 0.70(95%CI:0.52-0.92)for males,respectively. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increased with annual household income. Compared with high level of socioeconomic status, lower socioeconomic status might decline the risk of cardiovascular diseases in males by approximately 30%,with OR for medium being 0.72(95%CI:0.61-0.84)and for lower ones it was 0.70(95%CI:0.57-0.87). However,similar correlations were not found in females. No significant relationship was found between marital status and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this study. Conclusion The risks of cardiovascular diseases varied with different socioeconomic status, indicating that tailored interventions should be conducted in different socioeconomic groups.

Objective To investigate both genetic and environmental influences on the exercise participation and sedentary behavior in Qingdao,Shandong province and 326 in Lishui, Zhejiang province. Methods 568 twin pairs,including 242 in Qingdao and 326 in Lishui,were studied. Exercise participation was measured by two questions on the frequency and intensity and then divided into two groups. Sedentary behavior was measured by one question as‘how long do you spend on sitting every day’. Variance component models based on twins was used to estimate the genetic and environmental factors on these traits. Results The average age in monozygotic twins was(41.14 ± 10.11)while in dizygotic twins it was(41.23 ± 9.89). Genetic factors accounted 78%(35%-96%)and 59%(0-94%)for exercise participation variance in Qingdao and Lishui in people aged between 20 and 40. However,there were no heritability noticed on physical activity in people older than 40 years of age. Rates of heritability on sedentary behavior in Qingdao and Lishui were 68%(59%-75%)and 32%(7%-62%),respectively. Conclusion Results from the study suggested that sedentary behavior in Chinese people was influenced by genetic factors,which could also explain much of the exercise participation variance in people aged between 20 and 40.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in retirees from a community in Shanghai.

METHODSObservational study involved 9 943 retirees aged 50 and over in Shanghai. Both single factor and multi-factor analyses methods were used to describe the correlation between factors as:educational level, marital status, annual household income and risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke etc. A new defined compound index was used to assess the relevance of socioeconomic status on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, based on logistic regression model.

RESULTSAfter adjusted for age, the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these retirees was influenced by socioeconomic status. In general, opponent correlations in education levels and prevalence of hypertension were found between female and male. Compared with those having received college or higher education, the risk of hypertension increased in females when the education level declined, with OR as 1.08 (95% CI:0.89-1.30). For those having had senior high school junior high school or elementary education, the risks of hypertension were 1.26 (95%CI:1.05-1.51), 1.34 (95%CI:1.08-1.65), 0.72 (95%CI:0.59-0.87),0.78 (95%CI:0.64-0.94), and 0.70 (95%CI:0.52-0.92) for males, respectively. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increased with annual household income. Compared with high level of socioeconomic status, lower socioeconomic status might decline the risk of cardiovascular diseases in males by approximately 30%, with OR for medium being 0.72 (95%CI:0.61-0.84) and for lower ones it was 0.70 (95% CI:0.57-0.87). However, similar correlations were not found in females. No significant relationship was found between marital status and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in this study.

CONCLUSIONThe risks of cardiovascular diseases varied with different socioeconomic status, indicating that tailored interventions should be conducted in different socioeconomic groups.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate both genetic and environmental influences on the exercise participation and sedentary behavior in Qingdao, Shandong province and 326 in Lishui, Zhejiang province.

METHODS568 twin pairs, including 242 in Qingdao and 326 in Lishui, were studied. Exercise participation was measured by two questions on the frequency and intensity and then divided into two groups. Sedentary behavior was measured by one question as 'how long do you spend on sitting every day'. Variance component models based on twins was used to estimate the genetic and environmental factors on these traits.

RESULTSThe average age in monozygotic twins was (41.14 ± 10.11)while in dizygotic twins it was (41.23 ± 9.89). Genetic factors accounted 78% (35%-96%) and 59% (0-94%) for exercise participation variance in Qingdao and Lishui in people aged between 20 and 40. However, there were no heritability noticed on physical activity in people older than 40 years of age. Rates of heritability on sedentary behavior in Qingdao and Lishui were 68% (59%-75%) and 32% (7%-62%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONResults from the study suggested that sedentary behavior in Chinese people was influenced by genetic factors, which could also explain much of the exercise participation variance in people aged between 20 and 40.

Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Twins ; genetics ; Young Adult

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease, mediated by pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, the therapeutic effect is accompanied by the fluctuation of the proportion and function of Th17 cells, which prompted us to find the key regulator of Th17 differentiation in MS. Here, we demonstrated that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2), a modulator of pattern recognition receptors on innate immune cells, was highly expressed on pathogenic CD4-positive T lymphocyte (CD4⁺ T) cells in both patients with MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models. Conditional knockout of Trem-2 in CD4⁺ T cells significantly alleviated the disease activity and reduced Th17 cell infiltration, activation, differentiation, and inflammatory cytokine production and secretion in EAE mice. Furthermore, with Trem-2 knockout in vivo experiments and in vitro inhibitor assays, the TREM-2/zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signal axis was essential for Th17 activation and differentiation in EAE progression. In conclusion, TREM-2 is a key regulator of pathogenic Th17 in EAE mice, and this sheds new light on the potential of this therapeutic target for MS.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Th1 Cells/pathology*