In recent years,it has been found high myopia is significantly related with primary open-angle glaucoma.Myopic retinopathy is high risk factors of primary open-angle glaucoma,and the retinal degeneration of high myopia is similar to the feature of primary open-angle glaucoma,which cause difficult to early diagnosis.How to identify early-stage glaucoma from high myopia patients,and give early intervention treatment has become a difficult problem.This article reviews research literature about the relationship between high myopia and between primary open-angle glaucoma.

Eighty six patients with renal masses≤4.0 cm underwent ultrasound or CT-guided core needle biopsies.The clinical data including the initial biopsy technique,pathologic findings,and the clinical outcome were retrospectively reviewed. Biopsies were failed for diagnosis in 6 cases ( 7％ ) because of necrosis or hemorrhage of the tissue specimens.Of 80 successful biopsies,52 cases (65％) were diagnosed as malignant tumor and 28 cases (35％) as benign. Five patients had biopsy complications (6％),including postoperative hypotension,hemouria and perirenal hematoma. Forty-seven patients underwent surgical extirpation ; the consistency rate of histopathological diagnosis between biopsy and surgical specimens was 100％ in these patients.The results indicate that ultrasound or CT-guided core needle biopsy is an effective and safe procedure for diagnosis of renal small masses.

Objective To explore the determinants of serum uric acid (UA) levels and the relationship between UA and cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.Methods A cross-sectional design was used.A total of 1 066 elderly patients were consecutively recruited in the study.Anthropometric measurement and lifestyle survey were performed,and serum UA,lipid profile,glucose,homocysteine (Hcy) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.The determinants of serum UA levels and correlation between UA and cardiovascular disease were analyzed by regression.Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 21.9％ (25.9％ in men and 18.7％ in women).Partial correlation analysis showed the level of serum UA was positively correlated with Hcy (r=0.163,P=0.000),body mass index (r=0.128,P=0.004) and triglyceride (r=0.133,P=0.003),and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.103,P=0.021).After adjustment for potential confounding factors,multivariate analysis showed eGFR (β =-2.044,t =-10.544,P =0.000),gender (β =42.065,t=4.700,P=0.000),Hcy (β=1.367,t=3.714,P=0.000),BMI (β=3.370,t=2.706,P=0.007),TG (β=14.120,t=2.589,P=0.010) and SOD (β=-0.636,t=-3.079,P=0.002) were independent determinants for UA levels in elderly patients.Logistic regression analysis indicated that mild elevation of UA levels was a risk factor of hypertension (OR=1.925,95％ CI=1.124-3.295) in women and OR=1.780 (95％ CI=1.010-3.136) in men].High UA levels increased the risk of coronary heart disease in women [OR=1.710 (95％ CI=1.157-2.526)],but decreased the risk of ischemic stroke in men [OR=0.524 (95％ CI=0.335-0.820)].Conclusions In elderly patients,serum UA levels were affected by renal function,gender,BMI and serum Hcy,TG and SOD.Mildly elevated UA levels increased the risk of hypertension.High UA levels increased the risk of coronary heart disease in women and decreased the risk of ischemic stroke in men.

Objective To investigate the effects of risk factors on non thyroidal Illness syndrome (NTIS) in elderly inpatients.Methods A total of 819 elderly inpatients who met inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited in thiscross-sectional study.Physicalmeasurements and mini nutritional assessment using the mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF) score were conducted.A serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined.Data were analyzed with multivariatelogistic regression.Results The significant differences were found between NTIS group (n=145) versus control group (n=674)inage (78.5±8.1) years vs.(75.1±8.6) years(t=5.422,P＜0.01),in body mass index (23.0 ±3.8) kg/m2 vs.(24.1±3.6) kg/m2,in MNA-SF score 11.2±2.3 vs.12.3± 1.8(t=-3.315,6.754,P＜0.01),in level of serum albumin (36.0±4.5) g/L vs.(38.4±3.6) g/L (t=-6.977,P＜0.01),in triglyceride level (1.3± 0.9) mmol/L vs.(1.5±1.0) mmol/L(t=-3.039,P＜0.01),inCRP (Z=-8.857,P＜0.01)),and in BNP (t=6.331,P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis revealed that age＞ =80 years (OR=2.433,95％CI:1.357 4.361),malnutrition (OR=1.946,95％CI:1.261-3.001),renal insufficiency (eG FR＜60 ml/min,OR =2.131,95％ CI:1.367-3.322),and high level of CRP (10 mg/L and 50 mg/L:OR=3.446,95％CI:2.117-5.611;over 50 mg/L:OR =10.029,95％CI:4.693-21.432,all P＜0.01)) were risk factors for NTIS.Conclusions Non-thyroidal illness syndrome in elderly inpatients is correlated with advanced age,renal insufficiency,malnutrition and stress,which are the independent risk factors.

As most patients of central serous retinopathy (CSC),the symptoms of acute onset will alleviate by oneself after 4-6 months.About 30％-50％ of patients with CSC experience chronic or recurrent cases.Resulting in persistent neurosensory detachments and subretinal fluid,causing significant vision loss.Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a kind of nuclear hormone receptors,plays a role in theregulation of water and electrolyte balance.Excessive MR signaling is associated with many diseases.Study found that MR antagonists decreased the thickness of the retina and improved in vision,there was no serious adverse reactions during the period of treatment.Initial dose of MR antagonists was 25 mg per day,1 week later,dosage was increased to 50 mg per day,and treatment for about 3 months.There is no conclusive effective treatment and the dosage are still unknown.MR antagonists may be a safe and effective way to treat CSC,though evidence is scant.Prospective,multicenter,large-scale trials is required.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out G-banded chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for a fetus featuring multiple malformations. METHODS: The fetus was found to have increased nuchal thickness, generalized edema, asymmetric lower limbs, tetralogy of Fallot, nasal bone anomaly and cleft palate. Following amniocentesis, G-band karyotyping and CMA were carried out. RESULTS: The fetus had a karyotype of 47,XX,+i(12)(p10) [14]/46,XX[6]. CMA has identified a 33.9 Mb duplication at 12p13.33-p11.1, which was suggestive of tetrasomy 12p. CONCLUSION Combined chromosomal karyotyping and CMA can delineate the origin of abnormal chromosomal fragments during prenatal diagnosis. The fetus was diagnosed with Pallister-Killian syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for the screening of fetal chromosome aneuploidies in twin pregnancies. METHODS: A total of 2 745 women with twin-pregnancies were subjected for NIPT screening. Chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were carried out on amniotic fluid samples from those with a high risk for fetal chromosome aneuploidies, and the diagnosis and pregnancy outcome were followed up. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and false positive rate of the NIPT were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with other chromosomal abnormalities, NIPT had a higher efficacy for trisomy 21 and sex chromosomal aneuploidy (SCA) in twin pregnancies (with sensitivity being 100%, 100%, and specificity being 99.93%, 99.9%, respectively). It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy for trisomies 18 and 13 due to the limited data. For chromosome microdeletions and microduplications spanning 15 ~ 21 Mb, NIPT also had a certain detection rate. Compared with women with natural conception, NIPT had a higher detection rate for those with twin pregnancies by assisted reproduction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is feasible to use NIPT for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies in women with twin pregnancies.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome/genetics* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Aneuploidy ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome/genetics* ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVETo assess the accuracy of quantitative fluorescence PCR(QF-PCR) for the detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies and its values for prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSQF-PCR and chromosomal karyotyping were used to analyze 6066 amniotic fluid samples derived from 6034 pregnant women.

RESULTSBoth QF-PCR and karyotyping analysis have detected 135 cases of fetal aneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. The QF-PCR assay was also successful in 67 cases for which amniotic fluid culture has failed. Furthermore, it has identified maternal cell contamination in 7 cases. By determining the consistency of short tandem repeat (STR) sites, the QF-PCR assay has identified 22 dizygotic twins among 32 twins with double chorions and double amniotic sacs. In 12 cases, it has signaled numerical chromosomal aberration by critical or partial abnormal values for the fluorescence peak area ratio, which were verified by karyotyping analysis as mosaicisms of chromosome aneuploidies.

CONCLUSIONThe QF-PCR can provide an useful supplement for chromosomal karyotyping and has an important role in rapid prenatal diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Young Adult

Diabetic gastroparesis （DGP） is a common diabetic neuropathy that affects the normal function of gastric motility and emptying. Clinically， it often manifests as abdominal distension， nausea and vomiting， early satiety， dyspepsia， etc. The pathogenesis of DGP is multifactorial， closely related to many factors， such as chronic hyperglycemia， neuropathy， autonomic nervous system disorders， inflammation， and oxidative stress. These factors can interact with each other， leading to delayed gastric emptying and the occurrence of related symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has significant advantages in the prevention and treatment of DGP， including a long history， remarkable efficacy， individualized treatment， diverse therapeutic formulations， and improvement in the quality of life. Additionally， TCM is known for its low adverse reactions， good tolerance， and multi-targeted effects， making it an important approach in the management of DGP. Previous research has found that the main mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of DGP include the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones， inhibition of inflammatory responses， reduction of oxidative stress， enhancement of interstitial cells of Cajal activity， inhibition of pyroptosis， and modulation of related signaling pathways such as stem cell factor （SCF）/cellular growth factor receptor （c-Kit）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， Ras homologous genome member A （RhoA）/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase （ROCK）. This article primarily summarized the research progress on Chinese medicine in preventing and treating DGP through the inhibition of inflammatory responses， reduction of oxidative stress， enhancement of interstitial cells of Cajal activity， inhibition of pyroptosis， and regulation of related signaling pathways， aiming to provide a reference and basis for further research on the application value of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of DGP.