Objective To examine the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 (APE1) in primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus(PSEC) ,then investigate the relationship between these SNPs and the prognosis.Methods Sixty cases first-treated patients with PSEC were recruited, patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and healthy blood donors were recruited as positive and negative controls.APE1 (Asp148Glu) of the patients with PSEC and controls were genotyped by the TaqMan method.Every patient was treated with platinum-based chemotherapy(EP regimen for PSEC and TP regimen for ESCC)and radiotherapy(3D-CRT) ,then every case was followed-up for 2 years.The relationship between these SNPs and the follow-up outcome was analyzed.Results Compared with the ESCC group and control group, APE1 148 pure mutant(Glu/Glu) of PSEC group increased significantly(PSEC group was 40％ (12/30), ESCC group was 13.3％ (4/30) , control group was 10％ (2/20)), the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.248,P =0.027).According to data of following-up, there was a significant increase in rate of progress (1year:40.0％ (12/30) vs 16.7％ (5/30), x2 =4.022, P =0.045;2 years: 86.7％ (26/30) vs 40.0％ (12/30) ,P =0.004) and a significant decrease in survival (33.3％ (10/30) vs 76.7％ (23/30)) of PSEC compared with ESCC.The SNPs of APE1 Asp148Glu was significantly correlated with frequency of progress, a significant increase was found in rate of progress of the patients with mutant type(Asp/Glu±Glu/Glu) compared with wild genotype(1 year: 50.0％(11/22) ,x2 =3.854,P=0.05;2 years: 81.8％ (19/22) ,x2 =10.519,P =0.001) ,the survival of the patients with mutant genotype was significantly lower than wild type (22.7％ (5/22) ,x2=10.77,P=0.001).Conclusion The most of polymorphisms of APE1(Asp148Glu) are mutation type in PSEC.Pure mutant genotype (APE1 148Glu/Glu) carry significant enhancement of progression.The polymorphisms of APE1 (Asp148Glu) maybe one of those molecular mechanisms of high frequency of progress and poor prognosis in PSEC.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for acute radiation esophagitis andpneumonitis after radiation therapy in esophageal cancer (EC) patients with diabetes or hypertension.Methods A total of 373 EC patients receiving three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were included in this study.Among these patients,42 showed concurrent with diabetes and 99 with hypertension.Radiation esophagitis or pneumonitis in patients with or without diabetes,and with or without hypertension were monitored in the 1-year follow up,respectively.Results The prevalence of grade 1,2,3 and 4 radiation esophagitis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients was 40.5％,38.1％,14.3％,4.8％ and 66.2％,27.8％,2.7％,1.8％,respectively,while that of the grade 1,2 and 3 radiation pneumonitis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients was 31.0％,16.7％,9.5％ and 30.8％,15.7％,1.2％,respectively.The prevalence of grade 3 or above radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis in patients with diabetes and was significantly higher than those with non-diabetes (x2 =13.573,12.279,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of grade 1,2,3 and 4 radiation esophagitis in hypertension and non-hypertension patients was 49.5％,38.4％,8.1％,3.0％ and 68.2％,25.5％,2.6％,1.8％,respectively,while that of the grade 1,2 and 3 radiation pneumonitis in hypertension and non-hypertension patients were 30.3％,18.2％,5.1％ and 31.0％,15.0％,1.1％,respectively.The prevalence of grade 3 or above radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis in patients with hypertension was significantly higher than those with non-hypertension (x2 =5.695、5.422,P ＜ 0.05).Diabetes is an independent risk factor for grade 3 or above acute radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis.Conclusions Diabetes or hypertension might be risk factors for severe radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis in EC patients receiving radiation therapy.

Objective To observe the long-term prognosis and analyze the predictive factors of esophageal cancer patients treated with three-dimensional radiotherapy.Methods A total of 373 patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma who received three-dimensional radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled in this study.Among these,231 cases received three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and the other 142 received intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT);202 cases received radiotherapy alone,and the other 171 received chemoradiotherapy;249 cases received involved-field irradiation(IFI),and the other 124 received elective nodal irradiation(ENI);60 cases received a total radiation dose of 50-60 Gy,and the other 313 received 60-70 Gy.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).The Logrank single factor analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to evaluate predictive factors of PFS and OS.Results The 1-,3-,5-year OS and PFS were 69.4％,33.7％,22.9％ and 63.8％,32.8％,22.4％,respectively.The median OS and PFS were 22.7 months (95％ CI 18.6-25.4 months) and 19.2 months (95％ CI 16.7-21.3 months) respectively.Univariate analysis showed that age,gender,tumor location,three-dimensional technology (3D-CRT vs.IMRT),chemotherapy,prophylactic irradiation to lymphatic drainage area and irradiation dose did not influence OS and PFS (P ＞ 0.05).T-stage,N-stage,TNM-stage and gross tumor volume (GTV) were significantly correlated to OS and PFS (x2 =5.836-14.526,P ＜ 0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that N-stage and GTV were independent predictive factors of OS and PFS (x2 =5.345-12.216,P ＜0.05).The OS and PFS of patients with two fields of lymph node metastases were worse than those with only one lymph node field metastasis (x2 =4.467,4.169,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The long-term efficacy for esophageal cancer patients could be significantly improved through 3D-CRT technology.N-stage and tumor volume were independent prognostic factors of OS and DFS.The number of lymph node metastasis field is significantly related to prognosis.