The process of unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen termed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which can result in a variety of prevalent disease, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer.In order to alleviate the pressure of ERS, eukaryotic cells produce a kind of adaptive intracellular signaling pathway which we called unfolded protein response (UPR, which main role is to remove misfolded proteins and restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis.However, apoptosis will be trigger if ERS increases continuously.There are many endoplasmic reticulum in Liver cells, the development of liver cancer is closely related to ERS and apoptosis.Therefore, finding a new method for the treatment of liver cancer in theory from the ERS induced apoptosis pathway seems so meaningful.

Twenty-four rabbits' patellar ligaments were elongated 3 mm surgically, which decreased the pressure of the patellar articular cartilage. The pathological changes of cartilage and subchondral bone of the patellar were examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope sequentially. 4 weeks after the surgery, proliferation of blood vessels in the subchondral bone and their invasion into the calcafied cartilage were seen, without abnormality in the patellar articular cartilage. After 8 weeks, irregularity of the tide mark and cartilage cells column, and peripheral part of the cartilage showed cluster formation. After 12 weeks, degeneration extended to the superficial layer of the cartilage, producing blister formation, fibrillation and a decrease in the thickness of the cartilage. These findings were similar to the histological changes of chondromalacia patellae. It was further suggested that decrease of pressure on the cartilage could be considered to be one of the causes for articular cartilage injury, and patella alta be correlated with chondromalacia of the patella.

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; standards

Burnout, Professional ; Humans

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Stress, Psychological

Ergonomics ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Occupational Diseases

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the most common adverse event of thoracic radiotherapy, which primarily occurs within the 3 months after the beginning of radiotherapy. RP can not only negatively affect the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, but also limit the prescribed dose and the implementation of radiotherapy plan, lower the radiotherapy efficacy and even lead to death. Currently, multiple studies have been conducted to explore the predictive factors of RP. In this article, clinical predictive factors including dosimetric parameters, peripheral blood cells along with cytokines and pulmonary function parameters were classified and illustrated, aiming to provide valuable predictive indicators for clinical use and reduce the incidence of RP.

The wound healing research in the biliary tree lag significantly behind similar studies on the skin and gastrointestinal tract. This is at least partly attributable to the difficulty to study on the biliary tract. But clinical relevance, more interest in biliary epithelial cell (BEC) pathophysiology, and widespread availability of BEC cultures are factors reversing this trend. In the extra-hepatic biliary tree,ineffectual wound healing, scarring and stricture development are pressing issues. In the smallest intra-hepatic bile ducts either impaired BEC proliferation or an exuberant response can contribute to liver disease. Chronic inflammation and persistent wound healing reactions in large and small bile ducts often lead to hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hallux valgus is a frequent forefoot disease, which has the high incidence, more happened among females, hallux valgus becomes more serious along with the age increasing, it usually needed to be done with surgery treatment owing to deformity and pain. The surgery with regard to hallux valgus had emerged widespread at the end of the 18~(th) century, most of the operation styles had been eliminated due to their disadvantages along with the carried out and the follow up judgment of the operation styles , however, some operation styles had been certified effective, which have been modified and consummated endlessly, have been added in the contemporary therapeutic methods. Operation styles mostly consist of soft issue repairment, osteotomy, arthroplasty and arthrodesis , selecting the operation styles reasonably is the key point of guarantee the treatment effectiveness.