Chemometrics is a new branch of chemistry which is widely applied to various fields of analytical chemistry. Chemometrics can use theories and methods of mathematics, statistics, computer science and other related disciplines to optimize the chemical measurement process and maximize access to acquire chemical information and other information on material systems by analyzing chemical measurement data. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted widespread attention. In the research of traditional Chinese medicine, it has been a key problem that how to interpret the relationship between various chemical components and its efficacy, which seriously restricts the modernization of Chinese medicine. As chemometrics brings the multivariate analysis methods into the chemical research, it has been applied as an effective research tool in the composition-activity relationship research of Chinese medicine. This article reviews the applications of chemometrics methods in the composition-activity relationship research in recent years. The applications of multivariate statistical analysis methods (such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, etc. ) and artificial neural network (such as back propagation artificial neural network, radical basis function neural network, support vector machine, etc. ) are summarized, including the brief fundamental principles, the research contents and the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the existing main problems and prospects of its future researches are proposed.
Informatics ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Statistics as Topic ; methods ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Support Vector Machine

l014 faecal specimens were collected from 4 hospitals in Nanjing to investigate the infection of Cryptosporidium. Each faecal specimen was smeared and screened by auramine-phenol staining method for oocyst, the positive and suspected specimens were identified by modified acid-fast staining method and safranin-methylene blue staining method. The result showed that 13 spccimens were positive by auramine-phenol staining method and confirmed by modified acid-fast staining method. 5 suspected specimens were negative as shown by the latter two methods.The best result could be obtained when auramine-phenol staining method was first used and folloWed by modified acid-fast staining method. This-technique is simple, sensitive and reliable. It is difficult to find oocysts by safranin methylene blue staining method when the oocysts are few (Figs. l-3).

Objective:To investigate the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) ion channel in the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cancer cells OC2.Methods:The expression of TRPM7 in OC2 cells was examined by western blotting,RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay.The influence of TRPM7 on cell proliferation and migration under the inhibition of TRPM7 ion channel with 2-APB or siRNA TRPM7 in OC2 cells was examined by MTT and Transwell respectively.The influence of PI3K/AKT signal pathway on the expression of TRPM7 in OC2 cells was tested by Western blotting.The change of positive ion current when the OC2 cells were treated with TRPM7 inhibitor and activator was explored with patch clamp technique.Results:TRPM7 overexpression in OC2 cells mainly in the cytoplasm was observed,siRNA TRPM7 downregulated the expression of TRPM7.Inhibition of TRPM7 (2-APB or siRNA TRPM7) inhibited the growth and proliferation of OC2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Blockage of TRPM7 ion channel inhibited the migration capacity of OC2 cells.Inhibition of TRPM7 downregulated the expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated ERK.Patch clamp assay showed the activation of TRPM7-like current in OC2 cells.2-APB could weaken this current while Bradykinin could enhance the current.Conclusion:TRPM7 may regulate the proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells by the regulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signal pathways and cell positive current.

Objective: To study the effect of bilirubin on the functional changes of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) induced by acute exercise. [WT5FZ]Methods:[WT5BZ] 41 Wistar male rats were divided into five groups, control group, exercise group, exercise recovery group, bilirubin treated exercise group and bilirubin treated exercise recovery group. The rats were administered with 1 ?mol/kg body weight of bilirubin or saline once every day for 4 weeks. After swimming with load for 2 h, all of the rats were killed and several indices were determined. [WT5FZ]Results:[WT5BZ] Bilirubin could inhibit the decrease of Ca 2+ content and the increase of Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ ATPase activity in SR induced by acute exercise, and inhibit the increase of Mg 2+ content in cytoplasm. [WT5FZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ] Bilirubin may delay the development of fatigue induced by acute exercise through protecting certain functions of SR.

Diabetic macular edema ( DME ) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus, the central retinal thickness ( CRT ) is correlated with the visual impairment and the changes of visual function before and after treatment. Furthermore, CRT is related to the changes of macular microstructure. The subtle changes of retinal microstructure can be qualitative and quantitative analyzed by spectral- domain OCT ( SD -OCT) . In this study, the changes of retinal microstructure in patients with DME are reviewed, what is of great meaning to explore mechanism, observe disease progress, guide clinical treatment and prospect prognosis of DME.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Zhiyang (GV9) in treating stomachache due to deficient cold.MethodEligible subjects with stomachache due to deficient cold were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was intervened by ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Zhiyang, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture treatment. The clinical efficacies were then observed.ResultThe total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group versus 73.3% in the control group, and the total effective rate of the treatment groupwas significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionGinger-partitioned moxibustion can produce a better therapeutic efficacy in treating stomachache due to deficient cold than conventional acupuncture.

Along with the development of biomarkers, the diagnostic criterion for early AD is continuously progressing until the preclinical stage of AD, on the base of which, the conception of subjective cognitive decline was raised.In order to highlight new ideas of the early diagnosis for AD in its preclinical stage, the current paper will talk about SCD in connection with neuroimaging tech-niques and examination of cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and inlfuencing factors in the newborns with coagulant function abnormality in the ifrst 24 hours after birth. Methods The coagulation test results and clinical data of 169 newborns in our hospital were studied. Children receiving anticoagulant therapy were assigned as coagulation abnormalities group (n=76) and other healthy newborns were assigned as control group (n=93). The differences of coagulation function between the two groups were analyzed and the inlfuencing factors of coagulation abnormalities were explored. Results The proportions of fetal distress, pneumonia, acidosis and hypothermia of coagulation abnormalities group were signiifcantly higher than that of the control group (χ2=6.18–38.01, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that fetal distress (OR=12.06, 95%CI:3.71–39.25), pneumonia (OR=4.10, 95%CI: 1.43–11.74) were the high risk factors for coagulant function abnormality, and the differences were statistically signiifcant (both P<0.05). Conclusions Fetal distress, pneumonia were the high risk factors for coagulant function abnormality. Early prevention can help to reduce the incidence of neonatal hemorrhagic disease.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare urapidil osmotic pump tablet(OPT) characterized by 24 h constant drug release in vitro.METHODS:OPT of urapidil was prepared using NaCl and low or high moleculan weight PEO(Mr 4?106、2?105) as core,CA and PEG-400 as the coating material.Similarity factor was used to evaluate formulation of osmotic pump tablets.The drug release mechanism was investigated as well.RESULTS:The optimal core formulation consisted of urapidil 60 mg,NaCl 190 mg,PEO(Mr 4?106) 90 mg,PEO(Mr 2?105) 90 mg.The drug was released from OPT at controlled rate 24 h.CONCLUSION:The preparation of osmotic pump tablets was simple and characterized by zero-order release.

Objective Intramuscular ketamine is often used for premedication in children. Premeditation can also be administered perorally in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different compounds of ketamine given perorally as premedication in children. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ pediatnc patients weighing 10-30 kg undergoing urologic operation were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 patients each : (1) control group received atropme 0.015 mg ? kg-1 im 30 min before surgery; (2) DA group received intramuscular diazepam 0.2 mg?kg-1 and atropine 0.015 mg?kg-1 30 min before operation; (3) (4) (5) KMA groups received ketamine 3 mg?kg-1 (K3MA) or5mg?kg-1 (K5MA) or 8mg?kg-1 ( K8 MA) + midazolam 0.5 mg?kg-1 + atropine 0.03 mg?kg per os 30 min before operation. SpO2 and heart rate (HR) were monitored and recorded before premedication and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 min after premedication. Peak effect time, duration of operation and emergence time were also recorded. Sedation, anxiolysis and behaviour at separation from parents, during venepuncture and induction were graded and assessed. Results There was no significant difference in duration of operation among the five groups. The peak effect time in the three KMA groups was shorter than that in control and DA group and was shortest in K8MA group. The three KMA groups were significantly better than control and DA group and the K8 MA group was the best in terms of sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia. The incidence of adverse effects like diploplia headache and agitation was higher in K8MA group. Conclusion K5MA group provides satisfactory sedation and analgesia similer to Kg MA group with less side-effects, so is the oral ketamine compound of choice for premedication in children.