Objective To investigate the feasibility of different doses of dexmedetomidine required to prevent sufentanil-induced cough during anesthesia induction. Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-55 yr, weighing 45-78 kg, undergoing elective gynecological operations under general anaesthesia, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 60 each) : Ⅰ -Ⅳ groups. Ⅱ -Ⅳ groups received iv infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 fig/kg at a rate of 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 respectively before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target effect-site concentration 5 μg/ml) , when the BIS value reached 55, iv sufentanil 0.5 fig/kg was injected over 3 s. The occurrence and degree of cough were recorded within 1 min after sufentanil injection. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg after the observation. The adverse cardiovascular events (severe sinus bradycardia, hypotension) were also record ed from the start of dexmedetomidine infusion to 1 min after intubation. Results The incidences of cough were 25 % , 7 % , 7 % and 5 % , incidences of severe sinus bradycardia 0, 3 % , 15 % and 25 % , and incidences of hypotension 5% , 7% , 8% and 8% in Ⅰ - Ⅳ groups respectively. Compared with group Ⅰ , the incidences of cough were significantly decreased in Ⅱ - Ⅳ groups, while the incidences of severe sinus bradycardia increased in Ⅲ -Ⅳ groups (P ＜ 0.01) . There was no significant difference in the incidences of cough among Ⅱ - Ⅲ groups and in the degree of cough among the four groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.10 μg/kg can be used to prevent sufentanil-induced cough during anesthesia induction.

Objective To probe into the present deployment of human resources at TCM hospitals,for the purpose of enabling the TCM hospital administrators in their policy making and nmagement of human resources.Methods 39 hospitals in the province were subject to a descriptive stndy. Results Nursing human resources in TCM hospitals in the province were found to be in shortage in general;other characteristics include irrational structure of their academic titles,insufficient nurses with senior academic titles,yet an improving proportion of competent nurses;lack of a unified model for TCM nursing in-service education confines the growth of TCM nursing personnel and TCM nursing academic development.Cbnclusion Health authorities and hospitals should deploy nurses per nursing workload,scientifically manage the contractual nurses,optimize the makeup of nursing personnel,launch fundamental training in TCM nursing,for the purposes of higher HR efficiency and better inheritance and development of TCM nursing studies.

Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy

Child ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To review the relationship between T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 (Th1/Th2) shift and tumor recurrence. Methods Literatures on Th1/Th2 shift and tumor recurrence were collected and reviewed. Results Th1/Th2 shift can be detected in the host after therapy of the tumor. Tumor cells escape from host immune surveillance by altering Th1/Th2, which could lead to tumor recurrence. Conclusion Th1/Th2 shift is related to tumor recurrence after therapy. Impelling the reverse of Th2 to Th1 and renewing the balance of T helper cells come out to be a new way for tumor therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references and suggestions for the further development of pharmaceutical industry in Hangzhou city.METHODS:Using the classic normal form of SCP in the industry economics,i.e.market structure-the manufacturer behavior-market performance,a transverse and longitudinal comparative study was carried out on the market structure,the manufacturer behavior and the market performance of the Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry between 2003 and 2006.RESULTS:Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry was characterized by oligarch model in concentration degree,low differentiation in products;high barrier of entry and exit;low strength in advertisement,and rational in the merge and recombination.The manufacturers in this area attached increasingly importance to technological progress and the market performance was remarkable.CONCLUSIONS:Considering the status quo of Hangzhou's pharmaceutical industry,it is advisable for the manufacturers enlarge and strengthen their business,enhance its R&D investment and product differentiation,and stick to the market-oriented marketing concept.

Objective Retrospective analysis of 56 cases of the surgical humerus neck of children that treated with abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction,and discuss the significance of abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction in treatment of fracture of the surgical humerus neck about children.Methods This study consisted of 56 children with fracture of the surgical humerus neck,among these,41 were males and 15 were females,9 were road accident and 47 were falling injury,average 7.67 years.They were all treated with abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction,after 1 month fixation,dismantled the abduction brace and did the functional exercise.Results Follow-up study was carried out in 56 cases,followed 6 months to 5 years,average 2.96 years,accoding to the standard of fracture healing,excellent result was obtained in 35 cases and good in 21 cases,the excellent-good rate was 100%.Conclusions Abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction is an effective treatment for fracture of the surgical humerus neck in children.

Objective To analyze the complications during and after the surgical treatment for long bone fractures in children with titanic elastic intramedullary nail(TEN),in order to improve the technique and potential shortcomings in these surgeries,and reduce the incidence of complications.Methods A retrospective study was done on the 182 children with long bone fractures treated with TEN from Jan.2005 to Jan.2008.A summary and analysis was made on the complications of these cases.Results All the 182 cases had the bones healed.During the operation,split in bone cortex was found in 3 cases,penetration into epiphysis by nails was found in 1 case.After operations,irritated skin and exposed nail was found in 3 cases,prolonged bone healing in 2 cases,limitation of range of motion in the knee in 1 case,bent nail in 1 case,difficulty in retracting the nail in 10 cases,shortening in 2 cases,second fracture of the healed long bone in 1 case.The results were excellent in 173 cases,good in 6 and fair in 3,and the rate of excellent and good was 98 %.Conclusions Though it has certain complications,the technique of TEN in the treatment of children's long bone fractures has more advantages over other internal fixations.Carefully performing the procedure according to the principal of TEN can decease and prevent most of these complications.

Objective] To summarize professor Shen Hong's clinical experience in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. [Method] By following the teacher clinic and sorting out the related medical materials, the author summarizes professor Shen Hong's academic experience of treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis, and for proven cases. [Result] Professor Shen Hong thinks that the essence of pathogenesis is the weakness of the spleen and stomach. Qi stagnation, damp stagnation and blood stasis are common pathological factors. The characteristic of the disease is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. The location of disease is in stomach, relating to liver and spleen. The principle of treatment should be strengthening the spleen and stomach. It is also very important to treat accompanying symptoms and balance property of Chinese medicines. Prof. Shen emphasizes the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation and the integration of TCM and western medicine. He attaches much weight to diet and psychotherapy. The medication is concise and the prescription changes flexibly with the permitted addition and subtraction. The clinical curative effect is satisfactory. [Conclusion] Professor Shen Hong 's experience is effective and worthy of inheritance and promotion.