Objective To observe the influences of infusion with normal saline (NS), Ringer solution and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride on blood coagulation/fibrinolysis in rabbits with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by two-hit of oleic acid (OA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods According to random number table, 40 healthy adult male rabbits were divided into sham operation, model, NS, Ringer and colloid groups (8 rabbits in each group). The ARDS model was replicated by sequential injection of OA (0.1 mL/kg) and LPS (500μg/kg) into the ear marginal vein of rabbit. Immediately after injection of LPS, the NS, Ringer and colloid groups were treated by intravenous infusion of NS, lactate Ringer solution and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride, respectively at a speed of 7 mL·kg-1·h-1 for 210 minutes. There was no liquid infusion in model and sham operation groups. At 30 minutes and 210 minutes after LPS injection, the arterial blood was collected and the partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen (PaO2) was measured and the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated. At 5, 30, 120 and 210 minutes after LPS injection, venous blood was collected, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (Fib), antithrombase Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ), serum procollagen peptide Ⅲ (PⅢP), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were measured, respectively. After the rabbits were killed by bloodletting at the end of experiment, the lung tissues were obtained, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and pathologic score of lung tissues were calculated.Results Compared with sham operation group, at 30 minutes and 210 minutes in model group the levels of PaO2/FiO2 were significantly decreased, and the lung W/D ratios as well as pathologic scores of pulmonary tissues were increased. In model group, the APTT began from 30 minutes while the PT began from 120 minutes to gradually prolong, and the value of Fib was progressively decreased; with a tendency of mild decline, the levels of AT-Ⅲ at all time-points were lower in model group than those in sham operation group (allP < 0.05). The levels of t-PA and PⅢP at all time-points were significantly higher, and the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in model group were obviously more strengthened compared to those in sham operation group. Among the three infusion groups, the improvement degrees of PaO2/FiO2, lung W/D ratio and pathologic score of pulmonary tissues were the highest in NS group, lowest in colloid group, and no significant changes in Ringer group. APTT in NS group except 120 minutes was longer, the APTTs at 30 minutes and 210 minutes were shorter in NS group than those in model group (s: 30 minutes: 52.26±18.65 vs. 76.22±16.64, 120 minutes: 90.60±10.66 vs. 83.01±15.88, 210 minutes: 70.44±17.80 vs. 77.04±13.32, allP < 0.05); the prolongation of amplitudes of APTT in Ringer and colloid groups were greater than that in model group, particularly in colloid group, the greatest; the PT in three infusion groups were gradually prolonged, and at 120 minutes and 210 minutes were all longer than that in model group (allP < 0.05). The levels of Fib in those treatment groups were all gradually decreased, the amplitude descent of Fib in NS group was the smallest and that in colloid group, the biggest; the levels of AT-Ⅲ in three infusion groups and model group had similar decline tendency, the descending amplitude being the most significant in colloid group. The levels of t-PA at all time-points in the three treatment groups were lower than those in model group (allP < 0.05). The levels of PⅢP in serum at all time-points were lower in Ringer and NS groups than those in model group (μg/L: Ringer group: 5 minutes: 250.60±36.53 vs. 285.77±65.55, 30 minutes: 248.73±44.41 vs. 302.16±37.73, 120 minutes: 249.14±43.16 vs. 296.09±38.64, 210 minutes: 246.62±44.72 vs. 295.45±42.75; NS group: 5 minutes: 261.89±50.74 vs. 285.77±65.55, 30 minutes: 247.71±50.40 vs. 302.16±37.73, 120 minutes: 246.58±42.27 vs. 296.09±38.64, 210 minutes: 222.73±18.51 vs. 295.45±42.75, allP < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the colloid group and model group. The expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in all liquid infusion groups were lower than those in model group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01), whereas in colloid group were higher than those in NS and Ringer groups (allP < 0.05).Conclusions The infusion of NS, lactate Ringer solution and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride have different influences on the blood coagulation function in ARDS rabbits, among which the effect of NS is the least, while of the hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride appears the greatest. The infusion of these three liquids can all decrease the pulmonary fibrous tissue in rabbits with ARDS, and in the mean time can alleviate the lung tissue pathological lesion for a certain degree, the effect of NS and Ringer solution being greater than that of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride.

Objective:To compare the regulatory effect of EF and two Kidney-tonifying recipes as well as Spleen-invigorating recipe on expression of T lymphocytes apoptosis related genes in Corticosterone-treated rats.Methods:To quantify and compare the T lymphocytes apoptosis percentage and the expression the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes related to T cell apoptosis in every experimental groups using TUNEL method and flow cytometry assay, as well as the fluorescence real time PCR technology.Results:The percentage of T cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis related genes were significantly regulated by EF and two Kidney-tonifying recipes, while the Spleen-invigorating recipe had no significant effect with respect to these parameters.Conclusion:EF can be used to represent the effect of Kidney-tonifying recipes in antagonizing the inhibiting effect of exo-corticosterone with respect to T lymphocytes.

Humans ; Lymphoma ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective To observe the clinical effect of GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods Twenty-one lumbar spondylolisthesis patients was treated by GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion.Followed up and analyzed the clinical therapeutic efficacy,rate of detachment and reduction,interbody fusion and intervertebral height change.Results Postoperative rate of detachment and reduction had significant difference compared with preoperative [(6.41 ± 6.90)％ vs.(36.75 ± 7.11)％,(86.75 ± 24.40)％ vs.0](q =19.60,19.72,P＜ 0.01).Final follow-up rate of detachment and reduction had no significant difference compared with postoperative (q =0.70,0.96,P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative intervertebral height had significant difference compared with preoperative[L4-5:(7.6 ± 1.3) mm vs.(5.2 ± 0.8) mm; L5S1:(8.4 ± 2.2) mm vs.(6.5 ± 1.5) mm] (q =6.64,3.83,P ＜ 0.01).Final follow-up intervertebral height had no significant difference compared with postoperative (q =2.48,2.42,P ＞ 0.05).All patients were bony fusion,rate of fusion was 100.00％(21/21).In accordance with the Japan institute of orthopaedics (JOA) low back pain surgery standards,the scores of 6 months,1 year,2 years significant increased compared with preoperative [(20.50 ± 3.83),(23.58 ± 3.60),(24.91 ± 2.90) scores vs.(9.67 ± 4.45) scores] (F =71.92,q =13.28,17.06,18.69,P ＜ 0.01).No complication of internal fixation for fracture or looseness.Conclusions The clinical effect of GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis is good.It has advantages of bone graft area and bone mass,rate of fusion.It is one of better methods in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

ABCG2 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family.The overexpression of ABCG2 is identified as one of the important mechanisms that limiting cellular accumulation of various compounds.With regard to its broad substrate spectrum including various anticancer drugs and environmental carcinogens,the function of ABCG2 is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) and tumor development.ABCG2 as a target site to reverse MDR has been widely concered.

Objective　The conditional hierarchical clustering for 1-dimensional(1-d) ordinal data was discussed.Methods　Because the individuals are ordered in 1-d,the conditional matrix was constructed with all elements in the second-diagonal are 1 and the others are 0.Distance matrix of individuals defined by some particular definition.Then the conditional-distance matrix was made for the hierarchical clustering by connecting the conditional matrix and distance matrix.This method was called 1-dimentsional conditional hierarchical clustering.An example was illustrated by this method and a Monte Carol study showed that method was feasible and robust.Results　Compared with the least-squares partition,this method is easy to understand,easy to practice and easy to compute.It also can give us a stable result.Conclusion　Because of the austere theory,the simple thought and the convenient application,it's a good method for the 1-d ordinal data.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression and the signaling pathway of nitric oxide against brain ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods Seventy-five male gerbils were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=15):SHAM,I/R,ISO,AG+ISO and AG group.Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 minutes and confirmed by isoelectric potential on EEG.In ISO group,the animals inhaled 1.2%-1.5% isoflurane for 30 minutes followed by 30 minutes wash-out period before I/R.In AG+ISO group,30 minutes after aminoguanidine,200 mg/kg i.p.isoflurane was inhaled as ISO group,and aminoguanidine was injected 30 min before I/R in AG group.After 24 hours,the forebrains were collected,and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results Bcl-2 mRNA expression in ISO group(1.22±0.12) was significantly higher than that in sham(0.83±0.16),I/R(0.83±0.11) and AG+ISO group(0.82±0.12)(P<0.05).Bax mRNA expression in I/R and AG group was significantly higher than that in sham group(P<0.05),and the expression in ISO group was higher than that in AG+ISO group.Conclusion Nitric oxide is involved in the signaling pathway of isoflurane preconditioning and has the protection effect on gerbil brain against I/R.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathway OH nitriC oxide(NO)release by human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)induced by placental growth factor-1(PLGF-1).Methods During January to April 2006,50 samples of umbilical vein blood were collected from newborns delivered by cesarean section due to intrauterine distress and abnormal fetal position.HUVEC were primarily cultured by trypsin digestion.Then the following procedures were performed:(1)Cells were identified using the morphology andⅧfactor immunohistochemistry methods if the culture WaS satisfactory.(2)Cells were collected,and fms.1ike tyrosin kinase(Fit-1)protein and its mRNA expression were detected with immunoprints and RT-PCR methods.(3)The protein wag extractedafter cells were treated with PLGF-1(cells were collected before the treatment and 2.5,5.10,20 min after the treatment).The protein levels of ERK were determined by immunoprints.(4)The cells were cultured witll serum-free culture medim containing PLGF-1 only(culture media were collected 20,40,160,360.480.720 and 1440 rain after the treatment).The quantity of NO was detected with nitrate reductase metllod(5)The ceHs were cultured with serum.free culture medium containing PI)98059,the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/MEK for 60 min Then the cells were cultured continuously with the serum-free culture medium containing PLGF-1 for 60 mira The culture media were coilected.The quantity of NO was detected by nitrate reductase method.The samples were divided into treatment group and control group.Control group was exactly the satne in treatment time,culture condition,and time to colleet the cells as the treatment group.except that it WaS not treated with PLGF-l or PD 98059.Resuits (1)By morphology and Ⅷ factor inununohistochemistry the cultured cells were identified to be HUVEC.(2)Fit-1mRNA and protein were expressed in HUVEC.(3)Expression of ERK protein started to increaSe at 2.5 min after treatment of HUVEC with PLGF-1,reaching the peak at 5 min,and decreased at 10 min.(4)Incomparison with the control group.NO started to increase at 20 rain after treatment of HUVEC with PLGF-lat 480 min(15.82±0.69)μmol/L Comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05).(5)ReleaSe of NO from the cells treated with PD98059 for 1 hour and PLGF WaS significantly inhibited,compared with the ceils treated with PLGF-1 only.Conclusion ERK pathways play an important role in N0 release bv HUVEC induced by PLGF.

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in women. Specific aspects of both breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment contribute to the development of bone metastases. Breast cancers express chemokine receptors, integrins, cadherins, and bone-resorbing and bone-forming factors that contribute to the successful and preferential spread of tumor from breast to bone. Bone is rich in growth factors and cell types that make it a favorable environment for breast cancer cell growth. Once breast cancer cells enter the bone, breast cancer cells can secrete factors that act on bone cells and other cells within the bone, causing them to secrete factors that act on adjacent cancer cells. The steps in the metastatic cascade and the vicious cycle within bone offer unique targets for adjuvant treatments to treat and cure bone metastasis.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) ,a kind of rare tumor,takes 1%～3% of all tumors in digestive tract,but are the most common in mesenehymal neoplasm.At present,the primal treatment of GIST is surgical operation,standard and rationality of surgery is the significant fatter that affects its curative effect.While imatinib is the main therapeutic tool for GIST that can' t benn resected or recurrence after operation.There is no definite circumscription between optimum and malignancy,there are many factors that influence the prognosis of GIST.We commonly apply Fletcher grading to evaluate the risk of GIST.