The gene chips have been extensively studies and widely applied.Gene chip technology provides a powerful tool for molecular nutrition.This article reviews the rationales,classification,characteristics of gene chips,and their application in molecular nutrition.

0.05), but the frequency and intensity of macroscopic esophagitis of BE were significantly milder than those of RE (P0.05) except that a higher intragastric pressure was recorded in patients with BE. Conclusion The esophageal motor dysfunction is unlikely the main factor in the genesis of BE .

AIM　To study the positive inotropic effect of methyl polyglycoside (Mpg) on isolated guinea pig atria and its mechanism. METHODS　The effects of Mpg on contractility, beat rate of right atria, post-rest contraction and positive staircase phenomenon were observed in isolated guinea pig left and right atria. Na+-K+-ATPase activity of rat myocardial cell membrane was measured. RESULTS　Mpg (0.01～3 mmol*L-1) produced a concentration-dependent increase in myocardial contractility of atria and decrease in beat rate of right atria. Mpg markedly enhanced the post-rest contraction and the positive staircase phenomenon induced by increasing stimulation frequency in left atria, and inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase activity of rat myocardial cell membrane. CONCLUSION　The results suggest that Mpg can strengthen myocardial contractility of atria and decrease beat rate of right atria. Its positive inotropic effect may be related to inhibiting Na+-K+-ATPase activity of myocardial cell membrane, increasing the transmembrane influx of calcium and the amount of calcium released from intracellular stores.

AIM To study the mechanism of effects about total flavones of choeropondias axillaris(TFC) to heart. METHODS The effects of TFC on contractility were investigated through acting on the guinea pig right ventricle papillary muscles. RESULTS ① TFC decreased both the contractility and contraction rate of papillary muscles. ②The quantity effect curve of CaCl 2 was shifted to right after giving TFC. ③TFC 30.4 ?mol?L -1 prolonged remarkably the functional refractory period (FRP) of guinea pig right ventricle papillary muscles, but exerted no effect on excitability. CONCLUSION TFC can inhibit the Ca 2+ influx into cell in a concentration dependent manner.

Objective To explore the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia and the effects of periodontal treatment on preeclampsia.Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,WANGFANG DATA,China Dissertation Full-Text Database,China Proceedings of Conference Full-Text Database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,Elsevier,Springer,and Science Direct OnSite were extracted from inception till September 30,2014.The case-control,cohort and randomized controlled trials about the association of matemal periodontal disease and preeclampsia were searched according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RevMan5.1 and Stata12.0 were used to test the heterogeneity of the results among the different studies and amalgamate the effect size using fixed or random effect models.Results Twenty studies (15 case-control and 5 cohort) involving 8 775 women assessed the association between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.A positive association was found (OR=2.48,95％CI:1.76-3.48,P ＜ 0.01).Meta-analysis of the case-control studies showed more than twice in the odds of preeclampsia with the presence of periodontal disease (OR=2.75,95％CI:1.93-3.92,P ＜ 0.01).Meta-analysis of cohort studies did not reveal any significant differences (OR=1.84,95％CI:0.91-3.74,P ＞ 0.05).Four randomized controlled trials with 3 712 women evaluated the effect of periodontal treatment on preeclampsia,and meta-analysis showed no relative risk reduction in preeclampsia with periodontal treatment (RR=1.04,95％CI:0.84-1.30,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Periodontal disease appears to be a possible risk factor for preeclampsia,but treatment during pregnancy does not prevent preeclampsia.High-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.

3T3-L1 adipocytes transfected with TSH receptor (TSHR) shRNA were incubated with bovine TSH.The concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in culture medium was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent asssy.Protein level of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was quantified by Western blotting.Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was measured by immunoprecipitation.The results showed that 1 mIU/ml TSH significantly sitmulated TNF-α release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [(341.85 ± 12.00 vs 522.67 ± 36.22) ng/L,P＜0.01],along with the decreases in IRS-1 protein expression and its tyrosine phosphorylation (P＜ 0.01).These effects disappeared when TSHR expression was down-regulated with RNA interference in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.In addition,WP9QY,a TNF-α antagonist,blocked TSH-decreased IRS-1 expresssion.These results suggest that TSH downregulates IRS-1 protein expression and its tyrosine phosphorylation through stimulating production of TNF-α,and thus contributes to the development of insulin resistance.

Objective To evaluate the effect of red light irradiation on serum phosphorus reduction in hemodialysis.Methods Sixty maintenance hemodialysis patients were divided into treatment group and control group.During the hemodialysis,the blood in the extracorporeal circulation tube of the patents in the treatment group was irradiated with red light by a MRX-1 red light therapy system.The irradiation was continued for 60 minutes each time,and one course of the treatment contained 10 times of irradiations.Patients in the control group were subjected to hemodialysis by conventional methods.The serum phosphate levels of all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Results The symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium of the patients in the treatment group were alleviated.There was no significant difference in serum phosphate levels between the treatment group and the control group before hemodialysis,while a statistically significant difference was found after the treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hemodialysis combined with red light irradiation on external blood trails can contribute to the decrease of serum phosphate levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2)and protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) in gestational trophoblastic disease and elucidate their predictive value in malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Methods The expressions of LMP2 and PPM1A protein in 196 complete hydatidiform moles (in which 28 cases with malignant transformation) , 7 invasive moles, 5 choriocarcinomas and 20 normal chorionic villus were detected with the method of En Vision immunohistochemistry. Their clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed. Results LMP2 and PPM1A protein expressed in cytotrophocytes, syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast. The level of LMP2 expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole or normal chorionic villus (6. 79 ±2. 38, 5.26 ±2.63 and 3. 10 ±1.65, all P <0. 01),while there were no difference compared with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 42 ±2. 68, P=0. 113).The level of PPM1A expression was highest in normal chorionic villus, and decreased gradually in hydatidiform mole (non-deteriorative and deteriorative) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 30 ±2. 98, 4. 93 ± 2. 50, 4. 43 ± 2. 04 and 3. 33 ± 2. 06, all P < 0. 01); the level of PPM1A expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly lower than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole (P=0.001). The expression of LMP2 protein was correlated to theca lutein ovarian cyst, the expression of PPM1A protein was related with uterine size (P < 0. 05) . While, there was no correlation between the expressions of the two proteins (P >0. 05). Conclusions High expression of LMP2 and low expression of PPM1A might play an important role in the motility and invasiveness of trophohlast cells and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Testing the expression of LMP2 and PPM1A in hydatidiform mole tissues of initial uterine evacuation might be have some reference significance in judging outcomes of hydatidiform mole.

Objective To understand the differences between sexes in the clinical and pathological features of patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGS).MethodsOne hundred and five patients with MPGS admitted to our hospital were retrospectively studied in clinical and pathological aspects.Results( 1 ) The proportion of male patients were 75 of 105 ( 71.43 ％ ) and that of females were 30 of 105 ( 28.57％ ) ; ( 2 ) The average age of the male patients was ( 40.25 ± 15.50 ) and that of the females was (36.23 ± 15.26) in year.There was no significant difference between the two groups( t =1.206,P =0.231 ) ;(3) There was no significant difference in duration of disease,hematuria,edema,hypertension prevalence and mean blood pressure( P ＞ 0.05 ).The proportion of patients with hematuria was 56.19％ (59/105).The males accounted for 69.33％ ( 52/75 ) and the females were 63.33％ ( 19/30 ) in the main clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.There was no significant difference( x2 =0.352,P ＞ 0.05 ) between the proportion of males and females; (4)Males and females groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05 )on levels of urinary protein,serum albumin,immunoglobulin,complement,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.Complement decreased in 53 cases,accounting for 53％ of all the participants.The proportion of male patients with renal insufficiency was 24.00％ (18/75),and the proportion of females with renal insufficiency was 13.33％ (4/30).There was no significant difference ( x2 =1.472,P ＞ 0.05 )on the percentage of males and females with renal insufficiency.The mean value of urea nitrogen was higher than the normal levels ; (5) The proportion of male cases with different deposition of immune complexes was 93.06％ (67/72),and the proportion in females were 92.86％ (26/28) in the exception of 5 cases ( male 3 and female 2 ) with no glomeruli in immunofluorescence examination.No significant difference was found between the two groups( x2 =0.001,P ＞ 0.05 ) ; ( 6 ) There was no significant gender differences( x2 =1.696,P ＞ 0.05 ) found in risk assessment.ConclusionThe prevalence of MPGS is higher in male patients than in females,the main clinical manifestations of which were nephrotic syndrome.Patients were found to have a higher rate of hematuria,decreased complement C3,and renal dysfunction than the normal levels.There was no significant difference in gender on the clinical and pathological aspects of MPGS.

Background Our previous study showed that the expression level of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) increases in astrocytes and Müller cells of retina in chronic hypertensive eye,and this change was clarified to be associated with the damage process of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) exists in neural glial cells,so we conjecture AQP4 plays a role in the regulating GFAP expression in glaucomatous eye.Objectives This study was to investigate whether AQP4 gene can regulate the expression of GFAP in retina and explore the effect of AQP4 on RGCs damage of glaucoma.Methods Chronic ocular hypertensive eye models were established by cauterizing the scleral venous in the left eyes of 30 male AQP4-/-mice and 30 male wild type (WT) mice with the same background,and the right eyes served as control eyes.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with Icare rebound tonometer at 1 day,3,7,14 and 28 days respectively and the retinas were isolated from 6 of each types of mice at the corresponding time points.The expression of GFAP in the retina was detected by Western blot.The use and care of the experimental animals followed ARVO Statement.Results The IOP was significantly higher in the model eyes than that of the control eyes 1 day,3,7,14 and 28 days in both AQP-/-mice (t =15.29,16.02,13.77,14.34,12.40,all at P＜0.05) and WT mice (t =17.65,14.91,15.97,13.41,12.53,all at P ＜0.05).GFAP was expressed in the control eyes both of the AQP4-/-mice and the WT mice.The expressing level of GFAP (GFAP/β-actin) in retinas was 1.00±0.00,1.99±0.29,4.05±0.69,4.47±0.48,3.21±0.35 and 3.25±0.53 in the control eyes and 1-,3-,7-,14-,28-day model eyes of WT mice; and those in the AQP4-/-mice were 1.00±0.00,1.69±0.31,2.27 ±0.55,2.79 ± 0.39,1.93 ± 0.31 and 1.54 ± 0.40,with a significant difference in the expressing level of GFAP in various time points (F =9.54,P＜0.05).In addition,significant gradually elevation of GFAP expression were seen in the WT mice and gradually decline of GFAP expression was found in the AQP4-/-mice with the lapse of time (all at P＜0.05).No significant difference was seen in the expression of GFAP in the control eyes between the WT mice and AQP4-/-mice (P＞0.05).However,the expression level of GFAP in retina was significantly higher in the WT mice than that of A QP4-/-mice 3,7,14 and 28 days after operation (t =4.51,7.95,6.12,5.76,all at P＜0.01).tonelusions In chronic high IOP mice,AQP4 gene plays an important role in retinal damage by upregulating the expression of GFAP in retina and promoting the activation of RGCs.AQP4 probably is a new target of treatment of glaucoma.