MeSH is a controlled vocabulary developed by U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is used for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed or building search strategies for medical literatta-e retrieval. MeSH terminology provides information on how TCM being understood and accepted by western medicine, with the time when the terms added in, the scope notes, and hierarchical structure of terms in the category of Complementary Therapies. This article thoroughly discussed the definition and classification of complementary therapies in MESH.

Ten ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are confirmed to be associated with resistance against anticancer drugs. To investigate the relationship between these ten ABC transporters and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 resistant to cisplatin, cisplatin and cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil were used to induce the CNE2 cell to acquire the drug-resistance for 1 year. After these cells were cultured without drugs for 2 months, the MTT assay method was used to determine the dose-effect relationship of cisplatin and resistant index. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of ten ABC transporters in CNE2 and the drug-resistant CNE2 cells, and the result was confirmed by immunocytochemical method. The results of MTT method showed that two cell lines resistant to cisplatin (named as CNE2/DDP) and cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil (named as CNE2/DDP+5Fu) were established, with resistant index 2.58 and 5.31, respectively. Of ten ABC transporters, only ABCC2 was found to be up-regulated both in CNE2/DDP and CNE2/DDP+5Fu cells, for increasing about 2.50 and 4.08 folds, respectively. The results of immunocytochemical method also confirmedthat the expression of ABCC2 in CNE2/DDP and CNE2/DDP+5Fu cells were stronger that that in CNE2 cell. Furthermore, ABCC2 protein was found to be located at nuclear membrane of CNE2/DDP +5Fu cell but not at nuclear membrane of CNE2 cell. The results suggest that ABCC2 may play an important role in cisplatinresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2.

OBJECTIVE:To study the percutaneous permeability of Hydrocortisone cream with different substrates in diabetic model rats. METHODS:The Hydrocortisone O/W(oil/water)cream,water-soluble cream and oil-soluble cream were respectively prepared. Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model group. Model group was given streptozotocin(40 mg/kg)to reproduce diabetic model. Franz diffusion cell percutaneous test and HPLC were used to detect the percutaneous permea-bility rates of Hydrocortisone O/W cream,water-soluble cream and oil-soluble cream in rats of 2 groups. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the percutaneous permeability rates of Hydrocortisone O/W cream and water-soluble cream were obvi-ously increased,with significant difference(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the percutaneous permeability rate of oil-soluble cream (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Hydrocortisone O/W cream and water-soluble cream are easier to go through the skin of diabetic model rats,and Hydrocortisone oil-soluble cream is hard.

Objective To investigate the expression of low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2)and protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) in gestational trophoblastic disease and elucidate their predictive value in malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Methods The expressions of LMP2 and PPM1A protein in 196 complete hydatidiform moles (in which 28 cases with malignant transformation) , 7 invasive moles, 5 choriocarcinomas and 20 normal chorionic villus were detected with the method of En Vision immunohistochemistry. Their clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed. Results LMP2 and PPM1A protein expressed in cytotrophocytes, syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast. The level of LMP2 expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly higher than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole or normal chorionic villus (6. 79 ±2. 38, 5.26 ±2.63 and 3. 10 ±1.65, all P <0. 01),while there were no difference compared with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 42 ±2. 68, P=0. 113).The level of PPM1A expression was highest in normal chorionic villus, and decreased gradually in hydatidiform mole (non-deteriorative and deteriorative) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (6. 30 ±2. 98, 4. 93 ± 2. 50, 4. 43 ± 2. 04 and 3. 33 ± 2. 06, all P < 0. 01); the level of PPM1A expression in deteriorative hydatidiform mole was significantly lower than that in non-deteriorative hydatidiform mole (P=0.001). The expression of LMP2 protein was correlated to theca lutein ovarian cyst, the expression of PPM1A protein was related with uterine size (P < 0. 05) . While, there was no correlation between the expressions of the two proteins (P >0. 05). Conclusions High expression of LMP2 and low expression of PPM1A might play an important role in the motility and invasiveness of trophohlast cells and malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Testing the expression of LMP2 and PPM1A in hydatidiform mole tissues of initial uterine evacuation might be have some reference significance in judging outcomes of hydatidiform mole.

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of fragments of ovarian cortex is performed without vascular reanastomosis, therefore, to increase the tolerance of ovarian tissue to the freezing-thawing and ischemic injuries is critical for follicular survival and functional longevity of the graft.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the morphological and function of sheep ovary tissue in the process of cryopreservation, so that to provide new freezing method for human ovary tissues. METHODS: Healthy BALB/c strain female nude mice were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups and subjected to heterotopic transplantation of fragments of sheep ovarian cortex. (1) Control group: transplantation following sampling; (2) experimental group: transplantation following freezing-thawing, and the solution was free of FSH; (3) FSH group: the freezing and thawing and culture fluid contained FSH. The estrous cycle recovering rate, estrous cycle recovering time, the number of follicle were observed following transplantation. The histological changes, and the level of E2 in blood serum were observed at 4 weeks after transplantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in estrous cycle recovering rate and number of follicle/PHF between FSH and control groups (P> 0.05), but the number of follicle was greater than the experimental group (P< 0.05). Moreover, the time of estrous cycle recovering in FSH group was similar to control group, but shorter than experimental group (P < 0.05). There were more developing follicular in FSH group, but few in experimental group at 4 weeks. No significant difference was detected in E2 level in blood serum between FSH and control group (P > 0.05), but significantly greater than the experimental group (P< 0.05). Results show that FSH addition in vitrification fluid can improve ovarian follicle survival following cryopreserved sheep ovary tissue transplantation.

Objective To discuss the effect of the quality control circle(QCC)activities in reducing the incidence of cold in reflux-enema of children.Methods The QCC team was built,reducing the incidence of cold in reflux-enema of children was named as the theme,to grasp the present situation,set the goal,fix the methods and carry out countermeasures.Results Through the development of QCC,making the standards of reflux-enema,the incidence rate of cold reduced from 25.0％(7/28) down to 3.6％(1/28),the nurses' abilities of technical operation and communication improved significantly.Conclusions Application of QCC in reflux-enema of children is practical.It can effectively improve the nurses' awareness of participating in the implementation management and nursing management system.By making the standardization of reflux-enema,nurses can improve the quality and effect of the reflux-enema and ensure the quality and safety of nursing.

Objective To observe the effect of sinomenine (SIN) on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX2),alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR) and adenosine receptor(A2A) in A549 cells,and to explore the relative mechanism for cell proliferation.Methods The effect of SIN and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the proliferation of A549 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.The effect of SIN and NNK on the migration of A549 cells was detected by cell wound scratch assay.The effect of SIN and NNK on COX2 expression in A549 cells was determined by Western blotting method.The effect of SIN and NNK on the expression of α7nAChR and A2A mRNA and protein was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting method.Results NNK increased the proliferation and migration of A549 cells,while SIN inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.COX2 expression level was increased in NNK group but was decreased in SIN group.The expression levels of α7nAChR and A2A were up-regulated in NNK group but were down-regulated in SIN group.Conclusion SIN plays a role in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells by suppressing COX2 expression.SIN has an inhibitory effect on the expression of α7nAChR and A2A.

Hexanes ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Injuries ; chemically induced ; Pyrroles ; adverse effects ; Trauma, Nervous System ; chemically induced

This study examined the potential antilithic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine Urtica dentata Hand (UDH) in experimental rats and screened the optimal extract of UDH as a possible therapeutic agent for kidney stones. The rat model of urinary calcium oxalate stones was induced by intragastric (i.g.) administration of 2 mL of 1.25% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for 28 days and was confirmed by Color Doppler ultrasound imaging. The rats in different experimental groups were then intragastrically given petroleum ether extract (PEE), N-butanol extract (NBE), aqueous extract (AqE) of UDH, Jieshitong (positive control drug), and saline, respectively. Treatment with NBE significantly reduced the elevated levels of urinary calcium, uric acid, phosphate, as well as increased urinary output. Accordingly, the increased calcium, oxalate levels and the number of calcium oxalate crystals deposits were remarkably reverted in the renal tissue of NBE-treated rats. In addition, NBE also prevented the impairment of renal function to decrease the contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Taken together, these data suggest that NBE of UDH has a beneficial effect on calcium oxalate urinary stones in rats by flushing the stones out and protecting renal function.

Aim To assess the effects of Banqiao Codonopisis Pilosula(BCP)decoction on learning and memory dysfunction in AD model rats induced by high activity GSK-3β and its possible mechanism.Methods The SD rats(4 months old,♂)were divided into five groups,namely,sham-operated group(blank group),AD model group,BCP high-dose(2.16 g·kg-1·d-1)group,BCP medium-dose(1.08 g·kg-1·d-1)group,and BCP lower-dose(0.54 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Treatment group received BCP decoction by gavage once a day for 14 days,while other groups were offered drinking water by gavage once a day for 14 days.The autonomous behavior activities of all rats were observed and recorded after gavage.In the last seven days by gavage,Morris water maze test was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of the five groups.After five days training,treatment groups and AD model group were injected wortmannin(WT,PI3K specific inhibitor)and GF-109203X(GFX,PKC specific inhibitor)(100 μmol·L-1 of each,total volume of 10 μL)into the right lateral ventricle of the rats.The blank group was only injected 2％DMSO.The spatial memory retention was detected by water maze 24 hours after lateral ventricle injection.Then,changes in the spatial learning memory of rats were observed.The level of Tau phosphorylation in SD rat hippocampus and the expression and activity changes of related protein kinase GSK-3β were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.The changes of Nissl bodies in SD rat hippocampus were observed by Nissl′s staining.Results After intragastric administration of BCP,the rat autonomous behavior activities in each group all showed a declining trend,and the differences in low-dose and middle-dose groups had statistical significance compared with blank group.The Morris water maze tests showed that the latency navigation of model group was significantly longer than that of blank group(P<0.01),while that of the BCP three doses groups was shorter than that of model group(P<0.05).Compared with the same group,the latency navigation of the three groups after gavage BCP low,middle and high dose was significant shorter than that without gavage(P<0.05).Western blot results showed that the activity of GSK-3β in AD model group was up-regulated compared with the blank group.However,BCP inhibited activity of GSK-3β.Western blot and immunohistochemistry results showed the level of Tau phosphorylation in AD model group was increased compared with the blank group in the area of CA3(P<0.05).Compared with AD model group,the level of Tau phosphorylation was decreased in treatment group.Nissl′s staining results showed that dendritic spines in AD model group was significantly attenuated compared with the blank group(P<0.05).Far more dendritic spines were observed in treatment group than in AD model group.The number of Nissl′s bodies in neuron cells of hippocampus in hippocampal CA3 was obviously larger in treatment groups than in AD model group.These effect of BCP was dose-dependent.Conclusions BCP can prevent the learning and memory dysfunction in AD model rats induced by high activity of GSK-3β.The mechanism may be related to inhibiting GSK-3β activity and then reducing the level of phosphorylation of Tau and improving neural development.