Objective To investigate the characteristics of attentional control between Wenchuan earthquake anxious and normal children. Methods Using Screening Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), 18 earthquake anxious children were chosen as participants and 18 normal children were chosen as control group. They were asked to perform a visual search task. Results ( 1 ) The judgment accuracy of earthquake anxious children was lower than normal children's significantly ( ( 0.95 ± 0.01 ), ( 0. 98 ± 0. 01 ), P ＜0.01 ). ( 2 ) The reaction time of earthquake anxious children was significantly longer than normal children' s ((1664.5 ± 78.5 ) ms, ( 1110.7 ± 78.5 ) ms, P ＜ 0. 01 ). ( 3 ) There was significantly faster performance in the valid condition than in the neutral( ( 1304.7 ± 61.3 ) ms, ( 1382. 3 ± 47.4 ) ms, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and invalid condition ( ((1304.7 ± 61.3 )ms, (1475.8 ± 71.5 )ms; P ＜ 0. 05 ), as well as faster performance in the neutral than in the invalid condition ((1382.3 ± 47.4) ms, ( 1475.8 ± 71.5 ) ms, P ＜ 0.05 ) in all children. Conclusion The performance of earthquake anxious children on top-down attentional control task is less than normal children. It indicates that anxious emotion which is brought by traumatic incidents like earthquake influents earthquake anxious children' s cognitive processing ability.

Objective To study effect and its possible mechanism of total glucosides of paeony ( TGP ) on adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group ( CON) , adriamycin-induced nephropathy group ( ADRN) and TGP-treated ADRN group (TGP).The rat nephropathy model was established by adriamycin injection.At the end of the 8th week after treatment, ELISA was used to detect the level of Cr and BUN.The values of 24 urine protein was determined by urinary protein kit.Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β1 .Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the content of TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β1.ResuIts Compared with the CON group, the level of Cr, BUN, 24 urine protein of ADRN group rised(P<0.01), the degree of fibrosis of ADRN group were aggravated(P<0.01), and the expressions of TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β1 of ADRN group increased significantly.However, compared with ADRN group, the(P<0.01) level of Cr, BUN, 24 urine protein of TGP-treated rats reduced(P<0.01), the degree of fibrosis of TGP-treated rats eased(P<0.05), and the expressions of TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β1 of TGP-treated rats decreased significantly.ConcIusion TGP retards the process of fibrosis and reduces the pathological damage in adriamycin-induced rats by down-regulating the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling.

Objective To observe the effect of sinomenine (SIN) on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX2),alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR) and adenosine receptor(A2A) in A549 cells,and to explore the relative mechanism for cell proliferation.Methods The effect of SIN and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the proliferation of A549 cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.The effect of SIN and NNK on the migration of A549 cells was detected by cell wound scratch assay.The effect of SIN and NNK on COX2 expression in A549 cells was determined by Western blotting method.The effect of SIN and NNK on the expression of α7nAChR and A2A mRNA and protein was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting method.Results NNK increased the proliferation and migration of A549 cells,while SIN inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.COX2 expression level was increased in NNK group but was decreased in SIN group.The expression levels of α7nAChR and A2A were up-regulated in NNK group but were down-regulated in SIN group.Conclusion SIN plays a role in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of A549 cells by suppressing COX2 expression.SIN has an inhibitory effect on the expression of α7nAChR and A2A.

Objective To observe expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the hippocampus and spinal cord in morphine withdrawal or tolerance mice treated by electroacupuncture or catgut embedding and explore the difference between the regulating effects of electroacupuncture and catgut embedding on morphine withdrawal and tolerance.Methods Fifty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to withdrawal control, withdrawal model, withdrawal catgut embedding and withdrawal electroacupuncture groups, and tolerance control, tolerance model, tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance electroacupuncture groups, 7 mice in each group. A model of morphine withdrawal was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine hydrochloride using 7-day increasing addiction method. The withdrawal control group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline at the same time points. In the withdrawal electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture at bilateral points Shenshu was performed using a Han’s acupoint nerve stimulation device (HANS-200) at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. In the withdrawal catgut embedding group, 0.5 cm chromic catgut was embedded in bilateral points Shenshu at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. Addiction was promoted by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone 4 mg/kg at 10 o’clock on the seventh day’s morning and Withdrawal reactions were observed in the mice. The score was recorded using the Ryuta Tomoji opioid withdrawal symptoms evaluation scale. NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A model of morphine tolerance was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine 10 mg/kg. The tolerance control group was injected with tolerance normal saline 10 ml/kg at the same time. In the tolerance catgut embedding group, catgut was embedded in point Shenshu at the first day after model making. In the tolerance electroacupuncture group, point Shenshu was given electroacupuncture at the first day after model making. After seven days of treatment, NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by ELISA.Results There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR2B expression between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the withdrawal catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the withdrawal model group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A and NR2B expressions between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the tolerance model and tolerance control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR1 expression between the tolerance electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model or tolerance catgut embedding group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in spinal cord CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model group (P<0.05).Conclusions Both catgut embedding and electroacupuncture at point Shenshu have a reducing effect on morphine tolerance and withdrawal. The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is better than that of catgut embedding.

Bronchial asthma(asthma for short)is a complex heterogeneous disease,which is caused by multi-ple gene-environmental interaction. With the progress of asthma gene research,some new childhood asthma suscepti-bility genes have been found,and the influence of genes interaction with environment on asthma is being widely atten-ded;different genetic loci combination can predict the onset of childhood asthma. Now,the history of asthma gene re-search and some newly discovered childhood asthma susceptibility genes in recent years and different genetic loci com-bination prediction effect and so on were introduced.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular and right ventricular systolic function by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography ( 2D‐STE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . Methods Fifty five patients with RA and 50 healthy subjects were received echocardiography . 2D‐STE were applied for all the subjects to obtain left ventricular global longitudinal strain ( LVGLS) and right ventricular global longitudinal strain ( RVGLS) .Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ( TAPSE) and the change ratio of right ventricular area ( RVACR) were measured by echocardiography . The anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies ( anti‐CCP‐II) ,rheumatoid factor ( RF) ,C‐reactive protein ( CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) were detected in both group . The LVGLS and RVGLS in RA group were used to conduce correlation analysis with the level of anti‐CCP‐II ,RF ,CRP , ESR and the duration of disease . Results There was a significant decrease in RVGLS and LVGLS in RA group compared with control group( P <0 .05) . However there was no statistical differenc in TAPSE and RVACR between RA and control group( P > 0 .05) . The anti‐CCP‐II ,RF ,CRP and ESR in RA group increased significantly compared with control group ( P < 0 .001 ) . The result of correlation analysis showed there was no correlation between RVGLS ,LVGLS and anti‐CCP‐II ,RF ,CRP ,ESR in RA group . However ,RVGLS and LVGLS were negatively correlated with the duration of disease . Conclusions LVGLS and RVGLS in RA patients were lower than those in healthy people ,strain decreases with the extension of disease duration ,2D‐STE may be an efficacious assessment to assess left ventricular and right ventricular systolic function in patients w ith RA .

Objective Although aspirin resistance has been recognized to occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, the prevalence and related risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus have not been reported yet. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The 140 elderly patients [aged from 60 to 92 years, mean age (73.8±8. 0) years] with type 2 diabetes receiving daily aspirin therapy (≥ 75 mg) over one month were recruited. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and thrombelastograph (TEG)platelet mapping assay. Results By LTA, 6 patients (4.3%) of the diabetic patients were found to be resistant to aspirin therapy, 44 patients (31.4 %) were semi-responders. By TEG, 31 patients (22. 1%) were aspirin resistant. Among the 31 patients who were aspirin resistant by TEG, 3 were aspirin resistant by LTA. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR= 5. 54,95%CI: 1.17-27.47, P=0.036) and homocysteine level (OR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.00-1.35, P=0. 043) were statistically significant risk factors for aspirin resistance by TEG. Conclusions The prevalence of aspirin resistance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is considerably higher in elderly female patients and in elderly patients with higher serum homocysteine level.

The prevalence of allergic diseases in children have increased year by year recently.Although the clinical manifestations of childhood allergic diseases are various, their pathogenesis is nearly the same.In the meantime, childhood allergic diseases are combined with nutritional, psychological, spiritual and family social problems, which if not solved properly will affect the allergic diseases themselves.Therefore, it is necessary to apply the concept of holistic integrated medicine and integrate multiple related departments to solve the problem of allergy, which is patient-oriented.This article introduces the necessity and approaches for integration of childhood allergic diseases.

Basophils have been neglected for a long time as an immune cell.Recently, it gained respect because of its important role in helper T lymphocytes(Th)2 immune response.Basophils are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma through a variety of possible mechanisms.Basophils can act as initiators initiate and establish Th2 immune response by interacting with dendritic cells; basophils can act as immune regulators, regulate immune cell functions such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells by secreting cytokines such as interleukin 4 to consolidate allergic inflammation; basophils can also act as immune effectors participate in allergic airway inflammation through IgE-depended and non IgE-depended activation.In addition, clinical research is focused on the usage of basophil activation status as possible biomarker in predicting the outcome of allergic disease therapy, which is of great clinic value in individualized management of asthma.

Autoantibody-related congenital heart block (ACHB) is a passively acquired autoimmune disease developing in fetuses after exposuring to maternal anti-Ro/Sj?gren's syndrome type A (SSA) antibody and/or anti-La/SSB antibody transported across the placenta, which contributes to fetal heart conduction system damage and signal conduction block at the atrioventricular node. However, fetal atrioventricular block does not necessarily occur with the presence of maternal autoantibodies, indicating its complex pathogenesis. This review focuses on the theories of calcium channels and apoptosis, the influence of other maternal factors and environmental changes on ACHB and the roles of natural killer cells and human leukocyte antigen in ACHB, aiming to provide reference for further study on the pathogenesis.