1.Assay method for quality control and stability studies of a new antimalarial agent (CDRI 99/411)$
Khandelwal Kiran ; Pachauri Deep Shakti ; Zaidi Sofia ; Dwivedi Pankaj ; Sharma Kumar Ashok ; Singh Chandan ; Dwivedi Kumar Anil
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2013;(5):335-340
CDRI compound no. 99/411 is a potent 1,2,4-trioxane antimalarial candidate drug under development at our Institute. An HPLC method for determination of CDRI 99/411 with its starting material and intermediates has been developed and validated for in process quality control and stability studies. The analytical performance parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. HPLC separation was achieved on a RP-select B Lichrospheres column (250 mm ? 4 mm, 5μm, Merck) using water containing 0.1%glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient elution. The eluents were monitored by a photo diode array detector at 245 and 275 nm. Based on signal to noise ratio of 3 and 10 the LOD of CDRI 99/411 was 0.55 mg/mL, while the LLOQ was 1.05 mg/mL. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1.05-68 mg/mL. Precision of the method was determined by inter- and intra-assay variations within the acceptable range.
2.Pharmacological studies on Buchanania lanzan Spreng.-A focus on wound healing with particular reference to anti-biofilm properties
Pattnaik Ashok ; Sarkar Ratul ; Sharma Amrita ; Yadav Kumar Kirendra ; Kumar Alekh ; Roy Paramita ; Mazumder Avijit ; Karmakar Sanmoy ; Sen Tuhinadri
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013;(12):967-974
Objective:To evaluate the wound healing activity of the methanolic root extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (B. lanzan), with a focus on antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties.
Methods: The extract was evaluated for its wound healing properties (excision and incision models) as evident from the analysis of tensile strength and wound contraction. The extract was also screened for antibacterial properties against different Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. B. lanzan was also studied for its effect on biofilm formation and disruption of preformed biofilms. The synergistic effect of B. lanzan was determined in combination with gentamicin.
Results:Topical application of B. lanzan (10%w/w ointment) significantly increased (40.84%) the tensile strength in the incision wound model. B. lanzan also showed significant wound healing activity in excision model and such significant activity was observed from the 9th day. Whereas Soframycin displayed significant wound healing activity from the 6th day. It was found that root extracts of B. lanzan revealed significant inhibition against all tested pathogens. B. lanzan displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (MIC 0.625 mg/mL) and Gram negative (MIC 0.625-1.25 mg/mL). B. lanzan was able to reduce biofilm formation and also caused disruption of preformed biofilms in a manner similar to ciprofloxacin. However, gentamicin was found to be ineffective against biofilms formed by Gram negative organism. According to the fractional inhibitory concentration index, B. lanzan displayed synergistic activity when it was combined with gentamicin.
Conclusions:From this study it may be concluded that the root extract of B. lanzan revealed significant wound healing potential, which was supported and well correlated with pronounced antibacterial activity of the tested plant parts.
3.Weekly cisplatin or gemcitabine concomitant with radiation in the management of locally advanced carcinoma cervix: results from an observational study.
Arun K VERMA ; Ashok Kumar ARYA ; Milind KUMAR ; Anuj KUMAR ; Sweety GUPTA ; DN SHARMA ; GK RATH
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 2009;20(4):221-226
OBJECTIVE: The use of non-platinum drugs in concurrent chemoradiation in carcinoma cervix has not been well explored and hence a two arm study was planned to compare the outcome of concomitant cisplatin or gemcitabine in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. METHODS: Thirty six patients were evaluated in this study for response rates and complications. These patients were divided into two arms, sixteen patients in the cisplatin arm and twenty patients in the gemcitabine arm. Cisplatin and gemcitabine were given as i.v. infusion at doses of 40 mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2 respectively for five weeks concomitant with radiotherapy. All patients had received pelvic radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy/25 fraction/5 weeks by four field box technique followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (3 sessions, each of 7.5 Gy to point A). RESULTS: Median follow up was of 10.4 months (range, 3 to 36 months) and 10.9 months (range, 2 to 49 months) in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. At first follow up, 68.8% in the cisplatin arm and 70% in the gemcitabine arm had achieved complete response (p=0.93). Similar response rates were noted in different stages in both arms. None of the patients except one developed grade 4 toxicity. Similar toxicity profiles were observed in both arms. Local disease control, distant disease free survival and overall survival was 68.8% vs. 70%, 93.8% vs. 85%, 68.8% vs. 60% in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Weekly gemcitabine had similar disease control and tolerable toxicity profile with cisplatin. Gemcitabine may be used as an alternative to cisplatin in patients with compromised renal function.
Arm
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Brachytherapy
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Cervix Uteri
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Cisplatin
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Deoxycytidine
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Follow-Up Studies
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Humans
4.Comparative Evaluation of Periprostatic Nerve Block with and without Intraprostatic Nerve Block in Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostatic Needle Biopsy.
Santosh Kumar SINGH ; Ashok KUMAR ; Mahavir Singh GRIWAN ; Jyotsna SEN
Korean Journal of Urology 2012;53(8):547-551
PURPOSE: Controversy exists over the pain during prostate biopsy. Periprostatic nerve block is a commonly used anaesthetic technique during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. The recent trend toward increasing the number of cores has become popular. This practice further increases the need for a proper anaesthetic application. We compared the efficacy of periprostatic nerve block with or without intraprostatic nerve block. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled study at our institute with 142 consecutive patients. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 received periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block with 1% lignocaine. Group 2 patients were administered periprostatic nerve block only with 1% lignocaine. Group 3 received no anaesthesia. Patients were asked to grade their level of pain by using an 11-point linear analogue scale at the time of ultrasound probe insertion, at the time of anaesthesia, during biopsy, and 30 minutes after biopsy. RESULTS: The study groups were comparable in demographic profile, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate size. The mean pain scores at the time of biopsy in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 2.70, 3.39, and 4.16, respectively. Group 1 recorded the minimum mean pain score of 2.70 during prostate biopsy, which was significantly lower than the scores of groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion, during anaesthesia, or at 30 minutes after biopsy (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block provides better pain control than does periprostatic nerve block alone in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.
Analgesia
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Biopsy
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Biopsy, Needle
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Humans
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Lidocaine
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Needles
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Nerve Block
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Prospective Studies
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Prostate
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Prostate-Specific Antigen
5.Alcohol associated liver cirrhotics have higher mortality after index hospitalization: Long-term data of 5,138 patients
Priyanka JAIN ; Saggere Muralikrishna SHASTHRY ; Ashok Kumar CHOUDHURY ; Rakhi MAIWALL ; Guresh KUMAR ; Ankit BHARADWAJ ; Vinod ARORA ; Rajan VIJAYARAGHAVAN ; Ankur JINDAL ; Manoj Kumar SHARMA ; Vikram BHATIA ; Shiv Kumar SARIN
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2021;27(1):175-185
Background/Aims:
Liver cirrhosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Every episode of decompensation and hospitalization reduces survival. We studied the clinical profile and long-term outcomes comparing alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALC) and non-ALC.
Methods:
Cirrhosis patients at index hospitalisation (from January 2010 to June 2017), with ≥1 year follow-up were included.
Results:
Five thousand and one hundred thirty-eight cirrhosis patients (age, 49.8±14.6 years; male, 79.5%; alcohol, 39.5%; Child-A:B:C, 11.7%:41.6%:46.8%) from their index hospitalization were analysed. The median time from diagnosis of cirrhosis to index hospitalization was 2 years (0.2–10). One thousand and seven hundred seven patients (33.2%) died within a year; 1,248 (24.3%) during index hospitalization. 59.5% (2,316/3,890) of the survivors, required at least one readmission, with additional mortality of 19.8% (459/2,316). ALC compared to non-ALC were more often (P<0.001) male (97.7% vs. 67.7%), younger (40–50 group, 36.2% vs. 20.2%; P<0.001) with higher liver related complications at baseline, (P<0.001 for each), sepsis: 20.3% vs. 14.9%; ascites: 82.2% vs. 65.9%; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: 21.8% vs. 15.7%; hepatic encephalopathy: 41.0% vs. 25.0%; acute variceal bleeding: 32.0% vs. 23.7%; and acute kidney injury 30.5% vs. 19.6%. ALC patients had higher Child-Pugh (10.6±2.0 vs. 9.0±2.3), model for end-stage liver-disease scores (21.49±8.47 vs. 16.85±7.79), and higher mortality (42.3% vs. 27.3%, P<0.001) compared to non-ALC.
Conclusions
One-third of cirrhosis patients die in index hospitalization. 60% of the survivors require at least one rehospitalization within a year. ALC patients present with higher morbidity and mortality and at a younger age.
6.Perceived effectiveness of infection control practices in Laundry of a tertiary healthcare centre
Raman Sharma ; Ashok Kumar ; Vipin Koushal
World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019;10(2):114-115
Hospital management in modern milieu has become patient oriented and good patient outcome is a result of effective and efficient medical care along with provisions of hygienic food, clean linen, safe environment, congenial atmosphere and good interpersonal relationship.[1] Laundry is one such important support service which ensures prevention as well as containment of hospital infections and is also a determining factor for maintenance of good image of a hospital.[2]
7.Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Manoj Kumar SHARMA ; Sumeet KAINTH ; Sachin KUMAR ; Ankit BHARDWAJ ; Hemant Kumar AGARWAL ; Rakhi MAIWALL ; Kapil Dev JAMWAL ; Saggere Muralikrishna SHASTHRY ; Ankur JINDAL ; Ashok CHOUDHARY ; Lovkesh ANAND ; Rajender Mal DHAMIJA ; Guresh KUMAR ; Barjesh Chander SHARMA ; Shiv Kumar SARIN
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2019;25(2):199-209
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.
Arousal
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Cytidine Triphosphate
;
Extremities
;
Fibrosis
;
Humans
;
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
8.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Northeastern states of India.
Amal Chandra KATAKI ; Malcolm J SIMONS ; Ashok Kumar DAS ; Kalpana SHARMA ; Narinder Kumar MEHRA
Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011;30(2):106-113
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a rare disease in most parts of the world, except for Southeast Asia, some parts of North Africa and the Arctic. It is mostly seen in people of Chinese origin. In India, NPC is also rare, except for the Hill States of Northeast India, particularly Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. The striking feature of NPC in Northeast India is that the incidence ranges over the complete spectrum from the lowest (as 0.5/100 000 to 2.0/100 000 among Caucasoid) to the highest (as about 20/100 000 among Cantonese/Zhongshan dialect Chinese). The age-adjusted rate of NPC in Kohima district of Nagaland State is 19.4/100 000, which is among the highest recorded rates. By contrast, in Assam, one of the so-called Hill States but not itself a hilly state, NPC is much less common. The Northeastern region is distinguished by a preponderance of the Tibeto-Burman languages and by variable mongoloid features among peoples of the region. The nature of the migratory populations who are presumed to be bearers of the mongoloid risk is unknown, but these NPC occurrence features provide an outstanding opportunity for NPC risk investigation, such as that of the hypothesis of Wee et al. for westward displacement of Chinese aborigines following the last glacial maximum.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
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genetics
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Emigration and Immigration
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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epidemiology
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Genetics, Population
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Humans
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Incidence
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India
;
epidemiology
;
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
;
epidemiology
;
ethnology
;
genetics
;
Sikkim
;
epidemiology
9.COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test: Role in Screening Prior to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Ashok DALAL ; Ujjwal SONIKA ; Manish KUMAR ; Roshan GEORGE ; Ajay KUMAR ; Siddharth SRIVASTAVA ; Sanjeev SACHDEVA ; Barjesh Chander SHARMA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(4):522-525
Background/Aims:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has affected the gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy units globally owing to the risk of transmission. We present our data on the use of rapid antigen test (RAT) as a screening tool prior to endoscopy to prevent the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Methods:
This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent any GI endoscopic procedure from July 2020 to October 2020 at a tertiary referral center in New Delhi, India. All patients underwent screening for COVID-19 using RAT, and endoscopy was performed only when the RAT was negative. The data are presented as numbers and percentages.
Results:
A total of 3,002 endoscopic procedures were performed during the study period. Only one endoscopic procedure was performed in a COVID-19 positive patient. A total of 53 healthcare workers were involved in conducting these procedures. Only 2 healthcare workers (3.8%) were diagnosed COVID-19 positive, presumably due to community-acquired infection, during this period.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 RAT is easily usable as a simple screening tool prior to GI endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
10.COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test: Role in Screening Prior to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Ashok DALAL ; Ujjwal SONIKA ; Manish KUMAR ; Roshan GEORGE ; Ajay KUMAR ; Siddharth SRIVASTAVA ; Sanjeev SACHDEVA ; Barjesh Chander SHARMA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(4):522-525
Background/Aims:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has affected the gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy units globally owing to the risk of transmission. We present our data on the use of rapid antigen test (RAT) as a screening tool prior to endoscopy to prevent the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Methods:
This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent any GI endoscopic procedure from July 2020 to October 2020 at a tertiary referral center in New Delhi, India. All patients underwent screening for COVID-19 using RAT, and endoscopy was performed only when the RAT was negative. The data are presented as numbers and percentages.
Results:
A total of 3,002 endoscopic procedures were performed during the study period. Only one endoscopic procedure was performed in a COVID-19 positive patient. A total of 53 healthcare workers were involved in conducting these procedures. Only 2 healthcare workers (3.8%) were diagnosed COVID-19 positive, presumably due to community-acquired infection, during this period.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 RAT is easily usable as a simple screening tool prior to GI endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.