High myopia is a common blinding eye disease with high specificity and population genetic heterogeneity.It has emerged as a major public health concern,which is often accompanied by many severe associated comorbidities,including retinal detachment,cataract and glaucoma.While rarely effective treatment Is found so far.This article reviews recent advances in understanding genetic mechanism of high myopia,such as mode of inheritance,MYP locus and candidate genes.

Surazepam ( Sur ) is a benzodiazepine derivative. Sur ( 0.2~0.27m-mol/L ) inhibited the contraction of isolated cervices uteri of rats and human beings induced by oxytocin and Ca2+ after high K+ concentration depolarization Sur ( 3.5~ 4 mg/kg ) iv could also inhibit the spontaneous contraction of uterus of rabbit in situ. The cumulative dose-response curves for Sur and CaCl2 exhibited non-competition.Both Sur and nifedipine markedly inhibited extracellular and intra-cellular Ca2+ dependent contraction induced by oxytocin.

Objective To investigate the changes of somatosensory-evoked potential(SEP)during an mild impact spinal cord injury in rats 80 as to evaluate its potential value in prevention of such iatrogenic damage. Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing(340±28)g were randomly divided into two groups,ie,sham control group(only exposure without impact at C6)and injury group(mild impact spihal cord injury at C6).SEP wss recorded in both groups.The changes of SEP in waveform,amplitude and latency were observed and compared between groups and between operations.The gross dissection and histologic analysis were performed after surgery for comparative study. Results SEP waveforms,amplitude and latency showed no significant change in the sham control group.In contrast,the SEP waveform and amplitude animals showed significant changes in the injury group after impact spinal cord injury and the amplitude was decreased from pre-injury(1.3±0.7)μV to post-injury(0.5±0.4)μV(P<0.05),while the latency showed no significant difference between(11.1±2.1)ms pre-injury and(10.7±1.3)ms post-injury(P>0.05).However,this abnormal change appeared in a temporary period at(5.7±3.2)minutes after impact and lasted for about(7.1±3.3)minutes.Diffused hemorrhagic nidus could be seen in the injured cord,which was not found in the sham control group. Condusions Mild impact spinal cord injury may induce transient abnormalities of SEP in waveform and amplitude,which requires careful monitoring in clinical practice.The sudden change in SEP may be associated with impact and vibration damage to the spinal cord,suggesting timely use of protection measures for spinal cord.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effect of posterior circumferential fusion with versus without intertransverse process fusion on lumbar instability in aged patients. MethodsThe elderly with lumbar instability were treated with the posterior instrumented circumferential fusion technique in 80 cases. Among 58 patients followed up for at least 2 years, 28 cases (group A)underwent posterior circumferential fusion with intertransverse process, while 30 cases (group B)without intertransverse process. X-ray examination was used before and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation to evaluate the fusion condition of the bone graft, and visul analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire were applied to assess the pain of center back and leg,and the conventional activity.ResultsThe operation time and blood loss were more in group A[(185.3±56.6) min and (376.3±92.9) m1] than in group B [(146.4±46.3) min and (234.3±64.5)ml (t=12.37, 37.49, P＜0.01)]. All the 58 cases were followed for at least 2 years. The 27 cases (96.4％) of group A and 28 cases (93.3％) of group B got bone fusion (x2 =0.004, P＞0.05).There were marked differences in the VAS of center back at 1 and 3 months after operation between the 2 groups (t=3.178, 2.158, both P＜0.05), while no difference at the other 3 time point. VAS about the leg pain and the ODI showed no differences between group A and B after operation (all P＞0.05). ConclusionsFor the lumbar instability in the elderly, the posterior circumferential fusion with or without intertransverse process fusion can achieve a similar high rate of fusion and satisfactory clinical results,andtheposteriorcircumferentialfusionwithoutintertranaverseprocess is recommended for less trauma.

According to their polypeptide length and number of d is ulphide bonds, disintegrins are divided into five groups, including short-sized disintegrins, medium-sized disintegrins, long-sized disintegrins, dimeric dis integrins and disintegrin-like molecules released from the disintegrin-like do mains of P-III snake venom metalloproteinases. The integrin-inhibitory activit y of disintegrins, to inhibit platelet aggregating, cell attaching and angiogene sis, depends on the active tripeptide RGD, the appropriate pairing of cysteine r esidues, the amino acids adjacent to the RGD motif within the integrin-binding loop and the C-terminus of the disintegrin polypeptidesl as well.

Objective:To study the clinical effect and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis with esophageal variceal bleeding.Methods:86 cases of cirrhotic patients with esophageal and gastric varices bleeding admitted in our hospital from August 2013 to April 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 43 cases in each group.The control group underwent percutaneous transhepatic coronary vein embolization (PTVE) treatment,while the observation group were treated with TIPS.The success rate of surgery,the incidence of various complications,the long-term survival rate and the symptoms and the changes of liver function after operation were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:The portal vein pressure after operation in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.00),at 3 months,6 months and 12 months after operation,the rebleeding rate in the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05),but the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05);before operation and at 6 months and 12 months after operation,the Child-Pugh score,serum TBIL,DBIL levels showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05),at 3 months after operation,the Child-Pugh score,serum TBIL,DBIL levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01);the 1 year survival rate showed no significant difference between two groups (P=0.72).Conclusion:TIPS could effectively improve the symptoms of varicose veins,better on liver function damage,and enhance the long-term survival high rate with high safely in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.

Objective To analyze clinical distribution and drug resistance of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing and non ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli(E.coli) isolated from 2014 to 2015.Methods Collected 4 721 clinical specimens from January 2014 to December 2015,separated and identified by using VITEK 2-Compact automatic microorganism identification and sensitivity analysis system of Biomerieux,France.Results A total of 1 181 E.coli were isolated from 4 721 clinical specimens,the isolation rate was 25.02%,and the isolation rates of 2014 and 2015 were 17.38% and 19.24% respectively.Meanwhile,the isolation rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli from 2014 and 2015 were 44.46% and 51.71%,increased 7.25%.For the ESBLs-producing E.coli,the main specimens from urine,sputum,blood,appendix content,pus and secreta,and general surgery department,pneumology department,urology,Neurosurgery departments were the main infection departments.For the non ESBLs-producing E.coli,the main specimens from urine,blood,sputum,appendix content,pus and secreta.The drug resistance of E.coli to antibiotics showed increasingly upward trend from 2014 to 2015.However,it showed high sensitive to amikacin,imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion As the isolation rate of E.coli increased in 2015,so does the drug resistance,and it is need combine with the actual situation of medication to regulate the usage of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the cognition and participation on organ donation in ICU medical staff and analyze the influencing factors, thus to provide reference for the development organ donation promotion measures. Methods 265 ICU medical staff were chosen by convenient sampling method from 10 three-level hospitals in Chongqing and were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the cognition, willingness and its influencing factors towards organ donation. Results ICU medical staff′s understanding of brain death, significance, basic conditions and concepts of organ donation were 67.2% (178/265), 61.1% (162/265), 60.0% (159/265), 55.8% (148/265) respectively, but understanding of Principles , registration methods, laws and regulations, and procedures of organ donation were 24.5%(65/265), 12.1%(32/265), 7.9%(21/265), 4.5%(12/265) respectively. 47.5%(126/265) ICU medical staff were willing to donate their own organs, 35.8%(95/265) were consented to relative′s organ donation and 4.5% (12/265) were organ donation applications. 89.1% (236/265) were affected by traditional ethical concepts, 70.2%(186/265) were for the publicity not enough, 51.7%(137/265) did not know about the procedures of organ donation, 37.0%(98/265) were for too much troubled procedures, and 43.8%(116/265) were for the ineffective work of relevant organizations. Conclusions Lacking in-depth understanding of organ donation and low willingness to donate organs in ICU medical staff in Chongqing. Mainly associated with the effect of traditional concept and lack of propaganda to the donation.

Objecitve To observe the diffusion and distribution of imported Oncomdania snails in non-endemic areas of schistosomiasis.so as to provide scientific basis for developing the scheme of snail surveillance.Methods Oncomelania snails from the msrshland of Dongting Lake were imported in a waste land in March,2008,Qingxin County,which belonged to non-endemic areas of schistosomiasis.and their diffusion and distribution condition were observed from May to December in the same year.Resuits A total of 1 600 Oncomelania snails were imported.The occurrence rate of frame with snails in sunny days and cloudy rainy days were22.88%and 29.24%,respectively,and there was a statistically significant difference between them(χ~2=4.113,P=0.043).Those in waste Land and the sides/bottoms of the ditches were 9.38%and 35.99%,respectively,and the difference between them also showed a statistical significance(χ~2=67.246,P<0.001).The average density of living snails in sunny days and cloudy rainy days were 0.79 and 1.11 No./0.1 m~2,respectively,and those in waste land and the sides/bottoms of the ditches were0.11 and 1.34 No./0.1 m~2.The furthest diffusion distance of snailswas 4.5 m.Conclusions The detective opportunity of imported snails is relatively high in cloudy rainy days,which mainly distribute at the sides/bottoms of ditches and diffuse along the ditches.

With the internationalization of nursing education,one major project facing higher nursing education is to foster lots of high quality nursing specialists,with properties of international vision,development prospect,and adaptation to international nursing positions.Chongqing Medical University engaged in reforming and implementation of talents culturing and yielded significant effect along with the main competency ideology of humanistic caring,critical thinking,evidence-based nursing,practicing and international competition.