Objective:To evaluate effects of traction arch combined with protraction on dental and skeletal changes in patients with Angel Ⅲ malocclusion in mixed dentition.Methods:Seventeen patients with Angle Ⅲ malocclusion were selected and treated with traction arch combined with protraction. Cephalometric radiographs were taken 6 months before the initiation of treatment, at the initiation of treatment and 6 months after treatment.Cephalometric analysis was used to examine the dental and skeletal changes.Results:Significant changes of maxillary anterior displacement and mandibular downward and backward rotation were observed in the seventeen patients:SNA increased 2.6?,A point moved forward 3.1 mm. The overjet correction of anterior teeth was 5.2 mm, 63% of the overjet correction was due to skeletal changes and 37% due to dental changes. Conclusion:Traction arch combined with protraction is a simple and effective apparatus in the treatment of Angle Ⅲ malocclusion.

objective: To evaluate the effects of the pendulum appliance on arch length, arch width, overbite and overjet. Methods: Pendulum appliances were applied for distalization of maxillary molars in 37 patients whith class Ⅱ malocclusion and 1-Ⅱ degree crowded dentition in upper dental arch. Pretreatment and posttreatment model analysis was conducted. Results: 37 patients treated for 18.2?4.5 weeks with pendulum appliance were accomplished . The increase of arch arc length between the maxillary first molars was (17.36?4.38) mm, the decrease of anterior arch width (-3.04?1.59) mm, and the decrease of posterior arch width (-1.29?2.01) mm . Differences between the pretreatment and posttreatment were significant, including arch arc length between the maxillary first molars ( P

AIM:To explore the effect of HbA1c level in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the rheological properties of erythrocytes and the structure of hemoglobin (Hb).METHODS:The patients with T2DM were classified into 3 groups:the patients with good glycaemic control (group A, HbA1c<7.0%), the patients with poor glycaemic control (group B, 7.0%≤HbA1c<9.0%) and the patients with persistent hyperglycemia (group C, HbA1c≥9.0%) .The rheological properties of a single living erythrocyte were analyzed by the techniques of static imaging and anal -ysis.Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to study the structure of Hb .RESULTS: Compared with group H , the roundness effect factor (REF) of erythrocytes, which was positively related with HbA1c level, was significantly increased in groups A, B and C (P<0.05).The contact area of erythrocytes in group B and all the morphological parameters of erythrocytes in group C were significantly higher than those in group H ( P <0.05 ) .There were significant differences among groups A , B and C in deformation capacity and elastic parameters of the cell membrane ( P<0.05 ) , but with no difference in the long axis and short axis between group A and group B .Compared with group H , no obvious change in the spectral pattern and spectrum peak of Hb in groups A , B and C was observed.However, the absorbance of Hb, which showed a trend of gradual decline with the increase in HbA 1c level, in group B and group C was significantly decreased as compared with group H (P<0.01), and the Hb absorbance in group C were also lower than that in group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:With the increase in HbA1c level, the morphology along with the deformation function of erythrocytes in T2DM changes and declines gradually , and the structure of Hb may also change .