Abstract： Objective　To comprehend the gastroenteritis outbreak triggered by sapovirus (SaV) in a middle school located in Chaozhou City in 2022, ultimately providing a scholarly reference for the implementation of preventive and control measures against contagious diarrhea within educational institutions. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak. A 1∶3 case-control study was conducted to identify potential correlation factors. Anal swab specimens from students and kitchen workers, food samples from the cafeteria, and environmental swab samples were collected for nucleic acid PCR testing of Sapovirus, Norovirus, Staphylococcus aureus, five types of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Bacillus cereus. One SaV-positive nucleic acid sample was randomly selected for VP1 capsid protein sequencing. Results　A total of 148 sapovirus cases and 6 asymptomatic infections were reported in this outbreak. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting (83.1%), nausea (38.5%), and vertigo (24.3%), with no fever symptoms reported. The peak incidence was recorded on March 20, showing a propagative and point source exposure pattern. Cases were distributed across 83.3% of the classes in the school, with the highest incidence rate of 32.69% in Class 311. The case-control study revealed that having lunch on campus on March 18 was a significant correlation factor for the disease (OR=4.17, 95%CI: 1.58-11.00). A total of 43 students and 23 kitchen workers anal swab specimens, 7 food samples, and 9 cafeteria environmental swab samples were collected. Of these, 20 students and 6 kitchen workers anal swab specimens tested positive for SaV nucleic acid, while the remaining samples returned negative results. Gene sequencing indicated the presence of the GI.6 genotype. Hygiene investigation exposed improper food handling practices among some kitchen workers. Conclusions　This outbreak was caused by a GI.6 genotype SaV infection, with exposure in the cafeteria on March 18 being the primary contributing factor for the outbreak and subsequent spread.

Objective To assess the feasibility of intracavitary drainage using three equally-sized double pigtail stents in the treatment of ureteral stricture. Methods Placement of three identical double pigtail stents in ureters for indwelling for 10～12 weeks was carried out in 27 cases of ureteral stricture from March 2000 to June 2003. Results The patients were followed for 2～24 months, with a mean of 18 months. No lumbar distending pain or fever occurred after the removal of the drainage in 26 cases, with the IVP examination indicating patency drainage and no ureteral stricture. Re-examination of IVP 6 months after the surgery found no improvement of hydronephrosis in 1 case. The overall success rate was 96% (26/27). Conclusions Intracavitary drainage using three equally-sized double pigtail stents in the treatment of ureteral stricture is feasible.

Objective To study variations of plasma sE-selectin and sICAM-1 level of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) patients complicated with lower limb vascular disease,and contribution of these molecules to the formation of the lower limb vascular disease. Methods Plasma sE-selectin and sICAM-1 of 51 type 2 diabetic patients and 20 age & sex matched non-diabetes people(control group) were determined with ELISA.16 T2DM patients without lower limb vascular disease and 17 age & sex matched T2DM complicated with lower limb vascular disease were selected from the patients group,as group 1 and group 2 respectively,and 17 age and sex matched non-diabetic individuals were selected from control group as group 3.sE-selectin and sICAM-1 level were contrasted among the three groups. Results Levels of FPG,2 h PG,HOMA-IR,sE-selectin and sICAM-1 of diabetic group were significantly elevated than those of the control group(P0.05).FPG and 2 h PG in group 1 and group 2 were markedly higher than that in group 3(P

Purpose:A phase I trial of radiotherapy concomitantly with weekly paclitaxel was carried out to define the maximal tolerant dose (MTD) by describing the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of paclitaxel given as a 3 hour Ⅳ infusion in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:Patients with locally advanced NPC were enrolled into a prospective, dose escalating phase I study. Toxicity was graded according to CTC 2.0. MTD was defined when two out of six patients developed DLT. The starting dose of paclitaxel was 20 mg/m 2 once weekly IV over 3 hours, with a subsequent dose escalation of 10 mg/m 2 in cohorts of three new patients. Radiation therapy was administered with conventional technique over 7 weeks in 2.0 Gy/daily fractions for 5 days/week up to total doses of 68～70 Gy.Results:From December 2000 to June 2001, sixteen patients completed chemoradiotherapy, and all of them were eligible for toxicity evaluation. On the first dose level (20 mg/m 2 ) no patient experienced DLT. On the next dose level with 30 mg/m 2 , one patient experienced DLT with grade Ⅲ mucositis for 5 weeks, and among the additional 3 patients no one developed DLT. On the third dose level with 40 mg/m 2 , one patient developed grade Ⅲ mucositis for 4 weeks and another suffered from grade Ⅲ dermatitis for 4 weeks. In order to make the trial more credible, another 4 patients were added to 30 mg/m 2 level, and no DLT occurred. Thus, the accumulation of patients stopped. After a median follow-up 12 months, one patient died of multiple bone metastases. One patient needed an operation to eradicate the residual right upper cervical lymph node 3 months after radical irradiation. Fourteen patients survived with disease free condition.Conclusions:When paclitaxel is given weekly as a 3 hour infusion concomitant to conventional radiotherapy for locally advanced NPC, MTD is 30 mg/m 2 with mucositis and dermatitis as DLT, and other toxicities are mild.

Objective To evaluate the influence of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory disorder caused by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps by testing the olfactory function of fifty-two patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps before and after endoscopic sinus surgery and then confirming the olfactory rehabilitation of the patients.Methods The olfactory function of the fifty-two patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps was tested through the CCCRC olfactory testing method pre-operation and four weeks,twelve weeks,twenty-four weeks post-operation.The results were analyzed by matched t-test.Results All results of olfactory function after treatment were significantly better than that of pre-operation(P0.05).Conclusion Olfactory function of above patients was significantly improved within the first month post-operation.There was no further improvement in the following five months compared with the first month post-operation.

Objective To study the effects of rehabilitation training combined with the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived neural stem cells (BMSC-D-NSCs) on the expression of Nogo-A and NgR protein in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods The spinal cords of eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were injured using a modified Allen′s impactor (H = 25 mm) at T10. The injured rats were randomly divided into a combination therapy group which was given rehabilitation training and cell transplants, a cell graft group, a rehabilitation training group and a control group. At the 7th day post SCI, BMSC-D-NSCs were transplanted into the injured spinal cords of the rats in the combination therapy and cell graft groups. Hindlimb movement was assessed using the BassoBeattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale every week, and protein was extracted from the injured spinal cord tissue for Nogo-A and NgR determination by Western blotting at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after cell transplantation.Results The average BBB score of the rats in the combination therapy group was significantly higher than that of the other groups from 2 weeks post transplantation. The scores in the rehabilitation training group were significantly higher than in the control group from the 5th week post transplantation. Western blotting showed high expression of Nogo-A and NgR protein 24 h post surgery, but these declined with time. For Nogo-A there was a significant difference among the groups at all three time points. In the combination therapy group the expression declined to a minimum by the 7th day. For NgR protein there was no significant difference between the 1st and 3rd day in any group.Conclusions Rehabilitation training combined with BMSC-D-NSC transplantation can have a synergistic effect on functional recovery from SCI. It can down regulate the expression of Nogo-A and NgR protein.

Objective To compare the onset time, duration and adverse effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) with different concentrations of lidocaine. Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (97 male, 143 female) aged 37-76 yr weighing 48-79 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 80 each): group A, B and C received unilateral SGB with 8 ml of 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% lidocaine respectively. Unilateral SGB was performed by the same anesthesiologist in all patients. Successful SGB was verified by Homer's syndrome. The onset time, duration and adverse effects were recorded. Results Homer's syndrome was observed in all patients. There was no significant difference in onset time among the 3 groups. The duration of action was significantly longer in group B and C than in group A and in group C than in group B. There was no significant difference in the adverse effects including recurrent laryngeal nerve block, brachial plexus block, local anesthetic intoxication and transient loss of consciousness among the 3 groups. Conclusion SGB can be induced with either 0.6%, 0.8% or 1.0% lidocaine with comparable effectiveness. We suggest using lower concentration of lidocaine.

Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of epidural lidocaine inhibiting herpetic neuralgia.Methods The patients with thoracic or lumbar herpetic neuralgia,aged 20-60 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were included in the study.Epidural catheter was placed under the guidance of the digital subtraction angiography (DSA).An injection of iohexol mixed with lidocaine was given under the guidance of DSA to make sure that drug solution covered all the injured nerve roots.The initial concentration of lidocaine was 0.37％.The concentration was determined by up-and-down sequential allocation.Each time the concentration of lidocaine increased/decreased in the next patient depending on whether or not the analgesia was effective.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.06.Effective analgesia was defined as VAS score ≤ 1 within 30 min after administration.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of lidocaine inhibiting herpetic neuralgia were calculated using Dixon formula.Results The EC50 of lidocaine inhibiting herpetic neuralgia was 0.199 ％ and the 95 ％ confidence interval was 0.168 ％-0.216 ％.Conclusion The EC50 of epidural lidocaine required to inhibit herpetic neuralgia is 0.199％.

Objective To understand the result coincidence of 4 hematology analyzers (LH780 ,LH750 ,XN-1000 ,and XS-1000i) .Methods 20 samples of routine blood test were selected and detected by different hematology analyzers whose within-run precision and between-run precision all met the requirements of WS/T 406 standard .LH750 was chose to be the reference instru-ment ,and its detection results were standard values .The relative deviations and coincidence rates of WBC ,RBC ,Hb ,HCT , PLT ,MCV ,MCH and MCHC of the other 3 hematology analyzers were calculated .The WBC and PLT coincidence results of 82 cases of low-WBC samples ,86 cases of low-PLT samples ,and 35 cases of platelet aggregation samples were investigated .Results The coincidence rates of all items were more than 90% between LH780 and LH750 .For XN-1000/XS-1000i ,the coincidence rate was 80% in HCT ,and which were less than 80% in MCV and MCHC ,and more than 85% in other items .After readjusting the calibration factors of HCT of XN-1000 and XS-1000i ,the coincidence rates of HCT ,MCV and MCHC were all increased to more than 85% .The coincidence rates of WBC and PLT were less than 70% in low-WBC samples (WBC<1 .0 × 109/L) and low-PLT samples (PLT<30 × 109/L) .The results of WBC and PLT could not reach the relative deviation standards in 35 platelet aggrega-tion samples .Conclusion The comparative tests should be carried out among different hematology analyzers in one laboratory .

Objective To research the expression of Neuritin in gastric cancer .and the relationship between the expression of Neuritin with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer .Methods Collected 58 surgical specimens of gastric cancer from 2010 to 2013 in the first affiliated hospital of Shihezi University ,immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Neu-ritin in gastric cancer and normal tissues near the cancer of the stomach .Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that Neu-ritin was moderately or highly expressed in 96 .55% (56/58) of gastric cancer ,and Neuritin was moderately or highly expressed in 94 .83% (55/58) of normal tissues near the cancer .There was no statistically significantly difference between two groups (P>0 .05);Neuritin was highly expressed in 82 .76% (48/58) of gastric cancer ,and Neuritin was highly expressed in 15 .52% (9/58) of normal tissues near the cancer ,differences between the two groups had statistically significantly (P<0 .05) .Expression of Neuritin was not correlated with gender ,age ,TNM stage ,infiltration depth ,lymph node metastasis ,differentiated degree ,the pathologic type or distant metastasis(P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The Neuritin expression level between gastric cancer and normal tissues near the cancer exist differences .There is overexpression of neuritin in gastric cancer .