Objective To obtain the normal image and sectional anatomical data of the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries with MRI and plastination. Methods The optimal angles and the length of intracisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve were measured on multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. Meanwhile, the relationship between the nerve and the basilar artery(BA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), superior cerebellar artery(SCA) and posterior communicating artery(PCoA) were observed from the plastination slices, the original images, MPR and maximum intensity projections (MIP) images. Results MRI revealed the similar result corresponding to the plastination section in displaying the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries. The length of the intracisternal segment of the nerve was (14 4?2 15) mm and it formed an angle of (69.68?7.15)?with the posterior plane of the brain stem. The angle between the oculomotor nerve and the median sagittal plane was (24 44?4 64)?on the left and (24.44?5.06)?on the right. Shift of the BA was more likely found in aged individuals. Most of the PCA and SCA were close to the nerve,and a few of them compressed it, as for the PCoA, only the embryonic type was close to or compressed the nerve. Conclusion MRI is an accurate imaging technique for determination of the syntopy of the oculomotor nerve to its related arteries.

The arteries of thirty human adult upper extremities, injected with red lead oxide, were treated with angiography, sectional dissection and photography. A microcomputer was used to determine the positions of the vessels and reconstruct the arterial system of the hand.The arteries of the palm are arranged in 2 or 3 layers. The area of three layers were only observed in the middle portion of the palm. The divisions of the territories of the radial and ulnar arteries are not the same in different layers. The anastomotic branches in the palmo-dorsal direction are usually observed in the third, fifth and seventh sections. There are three chief anastomotic channels between the radial and ulnar arteries in the palm, i.e. the deep palmar arch, the superficial palmar arch and a third pathway. The patterns of the blood supply in the palm and its clinical significance have also been discussed.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium alloy studies in orthopedic field have been carried out,and good biocompatibility has been reported.However magnesium alloys have not yet been researched in the intestine.OBJECTIVE: The biodegradable magnesium-zinc alloy samples are implanted around the rat cecum to investigate the biocompatibility in rat.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into magnesium alloy group,medical titanium group and the sham-operated group.Then magnesium-zinc alloy samples with the dimension of 5 mm × 1 mm× 1 mm were embedded in the cecum incision in the magnesium alloy group.The medical titanium was embedded in the medical titanium group,and just suture in the sham-operated group.Prior to surgery and at 7,14,21 and 28 days after operation,the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,creatinine and magnesium ion concentration were examined in each group.X-ray film on implanted region.The pathological changes in liver,kidney and cecum were examined.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,creatinine and magnesium ion concentrations among each group(P > 0.05).Magnesium-zinc alloy degraded gradually during 28 days.The pathology of liver,kidney and cecum was normal.Results suggested that magnesium-zinc alloy had no obvious effect on the cecum.The degradation time to play a fixed function of time was longer than the intestinal healing time,with good biocompatibility.Magnesium-zinc alloy can be used as anastomotic nail for stomach intestine anastomat.

Objective To provide morphological data for image diagnosis and mediastinal surgery planning.Methods Cross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the first Chinese visible female human data-set were reviewed and the main structures of the superior mediastinum were confirmed on a section-by-section basis.The positional rule of the main structures in various plane of superior mediastinum was found out,and a few key sectional images were selected and compared with the relative images of CT or MRI,and the relative data on the cross-sectional images were collected.Results The cross-sectional images of the first Chinese visible female human fairly displayed the aortic arch and its 3 large branches,superior vena cava,left and right brachiocephalic veins,azygos vein,pulmonary trunk,trachea,esophagus,thoracic duct and so on,as well as their relationship clearly.Conclusion The first Chinese visible female human dataset can almost provide complete and accurate data.

Objective To observe the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(XZD) for the intervention of myocardial fibrosis of coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with blood stasis syndrome,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Sixty CHD patients with blood stasis syndrome were equally randomized into XZD group and placebo group.Both of the two groups were given western basic medicine.Meanwhile,XZD group received oral use of XZD and the placebo group received oral use of decoction of Fructus Hordei Germinatus,Fructus Setariae Germinatus and Radix Glycyrrhizae additionally.Changes of serum precollagen Ⅲ(PCⅢ),laminin(LN),hyaluronic acid(HA),endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) were observed before and after treatment.Results Serum levels of PCⅢ,LN,HA and ET were decreased,and NO was increased in the two groups after treatment(P

Objective To establish a 3D digitized visual model of the liver to provide anatomical structure for planning hepatic operations and creating accurate computer simulations of the liver.Methods Transverse sections of abdomen were chosen from the Chinese Visible Human dataset. The liver was reconstructed in three dimensions with surface rendering in combination with volume rendering reconstruction. Results Accurately segmented images of the main structures of liver were completed. The reconstructed structures could be displayed singly, in small groups or as a whole and could be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities. Conclusion The reconstructed liver is realistic and demonstrates the natural shape and exact position of hepatic structures. It provides an accurate model for the automated segmentation algorithmic study and a digitized anatomical model of the liver.

Objective Calcified epithelioma is a rare benign tumor in head and face. It is seldomly seen canceration. But it has local invasion behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the methodology in the diagnosis and treatment of calcified epithelioma in head and face, and to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 26 patients with calcified epithelioma in head and face. Results 53. 8 % patients with calcified epithelioma were less than 13-year-old. The disease was easily misdiagnozed. In this group of patients the misdiagnosis rate reached to 42. 3 %. Btype ultrasonographic diagnosis possessed a high level of concordance with histological diagnosis. There were three major types of calcified epithelioma: type 1, a mass with internal echoic foci; type 2, a hyperechoic mass with high beam; type 3, no calcification in the parenchyma. Piomatricoma was described as a skin tumour histologically composed of shadowcells, basophillic cells, foreign body giant cells and intracellular and stromal calcification. The treatment was excision and no recurrences were found by followup. Conclusions It is important for clinicians to know the clinical features of calcified epithelioma. Imaging studies including ultrasonography would help establish the diagnosis. Surgical excision with clear margins is recommended for this tumor.

Objective:To explore the auxiliary 3D rapid prototyping technology of adult penis virtual surgery simulation on the basis of the force feedback, thus to improve the success rate of surgery, to reduce complications and to ensure the operation safety and reliability.Methods:Twenty cases of Inner Mongolia adult male (20-50 years old) were selected from January 2009 to December 2015 in the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital. The two-dimensional CT data from the iliac crest edge to edge of penis continuously were input into the computer to reconstruct 3D penis and adjacent structure model using Magics Rapid-prototyping software. Under the Free Form system, digital virtual simulation reconstructive surgery was carried out based on force feedback device for adult penis.Results:Using Free Form system, virtual plastic and reconstructive surgery was carried on the adult penis, which could be used for penis optional operation, the three dimensional model for quantitative operation design to choose the best surgical approach. This technique provided a new technical means to avoid complications happened.Conclusions:Penis RP model can accurately reflect the complex anatomical characteristics and the internal space of the area adjacent to the relationship, based on force feedback, make the performer from the visual, auditory and tactile perception to simulate procedures for accurate adult penile reconstructive surgery and to improve clinical application value.

Objective:To analyse the anatomical change of the human temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in the position of mandibular lateral displacement and to provide the anatomical data for temporomandibular disorder.Methods:3 of the 8 samples of selected fresh cadavers were adjusted to mandibular lateral displacement position, and 5 to edge-to-edge occlusion position,then samples were fixed and sectioned according to coronal and sagittal planes by using plastination technique. The feature of the thin plastination sections of the TMJ in the mandibular lateral displacement position and were compared with that in edge-to-edge occlusion position.Results:On the working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved backwords,upwards and outside in the articular fossa. Articular discs of TMJ did not move following condylar movement,but posterior band of the articular disc was suppressed by the condylar and articular fossa. On the non-working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved ahead,downwards and inwards along posterior incline of articular tuberculum,then articular discs did not move,and middle band of articular discs was suppressed by the condyle and articular tuberculum.Conclusions:The TMJ disc does not shift as TMJ condylar process turns in articular fossa.When the condylar turns and slides at the same time,the articular discs shift.

Objective To provide anatomic proof for the localization in neck operation and clinical diagnosis of infection and tumor infiltration. Methods A total of 15 cadaver heads and necks were sectioned on transverse plan with cryosection. The layers and characteristics of the deep cervical fascia were observed. Results The deep cervical fascia was divided into four layers with the fasciae of the infrahyoid muscles being a single layer. The deep layer of the deep cervical fascia was subdivided into alar fascia and prevertebral fascia. The carotid sheath was composed of all the layers of the deep cervical fascia. Conclusion The model figure of the deep cervical fascia is obtained.