Objective To establish the norm of Sub-Health Measurement Scale for nurses in Shandong Province,so as to provide a basis for understanding the current situation of sub-health and provide a reference for promoting the health of nurses.Methods From December 2020 to February 2023,14,308 nurses from 23 public tertiary hospitals enrolled in the Nurse Health Cohort Study in Shandong Province were selected as participants by convenience sampling.The sub-health status was assessed by the Sub-Health Measurement Scale,and the sub-health norm of nurses was constructed by establishing the mean,percentile and demarcation norm.Results A total of 10669 nurses were included in the analysis.The total score of Sub-Health Measurement Scale of nurses in Shandong Province was(61.13±12.40),and the scores of physiological sub-health sub-scale,psychological sub-health sub-scale and social sub-health sub-scale were(58.35±11.86),(62.56±15.85)and(63.56±16.73),respectively.The mean norm of sub-health assessment scale was established by gender and age.Based on the results of univariate analysis,we selected the characteristics with differences,namely gender,age,marital status,working department,years of working,professional title and employment type to establish a classification norm.P5,P25,P50,P75 and P95 were select to establish percentile norm.Taking(x-s),(x-0.5s),(x+0.5s),(x+s)as the cut-off points,the demarcation norm of the Sub-Health Measurement Scale and sub-scales was established,which was divided into 5 categories,including disease,severe sub-health,moderate sub-health,mild sub-health and healthy states.Conclusion This study established the Sub-Health Measurement Scale norm of nurses,which provided a basis for effectively evaluating and identifying the sub-health status of nurses.

Objective To find out the differences in regional characteristics of heat vulnerability between people living in urban centers and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city so as to provide basis for the development of adaptation measures to heat. Methods A cross-sectional survey on heat vulnerability was conducted in urban center and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city,using a self-designed questionnaire among 801 residents at the age of 16 years or older in August 2013. Data of 23 indicators related to heat vulnerability were collected and aggregated to 7 dimensions:health and medical insurance,social networks,heat perception and adaptive behavior,economic status,resources, living environment and working environment. An index score was calculated using a balanced weighted average approach for each dimension,ranging from 0 to 1,with the closer to 1 as greater vulnerability. Results The scores on heat perception and adaptive behavior,economic status, resources and working environment dimensions for urban-fringe areas were 0.42,0.63,0.55 and 0.62, statistically significantly higher than the urban center area of 0.41,0.51,0.26 and 0.41. Scores of living environment,social networks and health/medical insurance dimensions for urban center area were 0.57,0.49 and 0.31,which were all higher than the urban-fringe areas of 0.50,0.46 and 0.25, with differences statistically significant. Conclusion Residents living in the urban center might be more vulnerable to heat in terms of living environment,health/medical insurance and social networks while residents living in the urban-fringe areas might more be vulnerable in terms of heat perception and adaptive behavior,economic status,life resources and working environment. These facts indicated that heat vulnerability among residents could be quite different,even at a fine geographic sale. We would thus suggest that intervention strategies on protecting people from heat,should be more targeted.

Objective To study the relationship between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths in four districts of Jinan,and to investigate the impact of temperature on cause-specific mortality. Methods Data on daily mortality of the four districts(Shizhong,Huaiyin,Tianqiao,Lixia) as well as data related to meteorology and air pollution index were collected from January 1,2008 to December 31,2012. Distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was then used to assess the effects of temperature on all non-accidental deaths and deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases(RD),digestive diseases,urinary diseases,and also subcategories to hypertension, ischemic heart diseases(IHD),acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cerebro-vascular diseases(CBD) and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Results A W-shaped relationship was noticed between daily average temperature and non-accidental deaths. The effect of low temperature last for more than 30 days,much longer than that of high temperature,in which presented a harvesting effect less than 5 days. As to the cause-specific mortality,short-term heat effects were seen in CVD and RD as well as related subgroups as IHD,CBD and AMI,with RRs at lag 0 as 1.12(95%CI:1.07-1.17),1.06 (95%CI:1.02-1.31),1.08(95%CI:1.003-1.16),1.10(95%CI:1.02-1.20) and 1.13 (95%CI:1.003-1.26). Relatively higher RRs were seen in urinary diseases and hypertension under extremely high temperature,reaching as high as 2.30(95%CI:1.18-4.51)and 1.65(95%CI:1.02-2.69). Cold weather presented a delayed effect for 30 days,with cumulative RRs as 1.51(95%CI:1.42-1.60),1.90 (95%CI:1.64-2.20),2.12(95%CI:1.67-2.69),1.48(95%CI:1.08-2.03),1.60(95%CI:1.46-1.75), 1.40(95%CI:1.26-1.55),1.68(95%CI:1.45-1.95)for CVD,RD,chronic lower respiratory diseases, hypertension,IHD,CBD and AMI,on sequence. Conclusion A relationship was seen between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths as well as cause-specific mortality. Either high or low temperature seemed to be detrimental. Related measures on disease prevention should be taken during the cold and hot seasons.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths in four districts of Jinan, and to investigate the impact of temperature on cause-specific mortality.

METHODSData on daily mortality of the four districts (Shizhong, Huaiyin, Tianqiao, Lixia) as well as data related to meteorology and air pollution index were collected from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was then used to assess the effects of temperature on all non-accidental deaths and deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), digestive diseases, urinary diseases, and also subcategories to hypertension, ischemic heart diseases (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebro-vascular diseases (CBD) and chronic lower respiratory diseases.

RESULTSA W-shaped relationship was noticed between daily average temperature and non-accidental deaths. The effect of low temperature last for more than 30 days, much longer than that of high temperature, in which presented a harvesting effect less than 5 days. As to the cause-specific mortality, short-term heat effects were seen in CVD and RD as well as related subgroups as IHD, CBD and AMI, with RRs at lag 0 as 1.12 (95%CI:1.07-1.17), 1.06 (95% CI:1.02-1.31), 1.08 (95% CI:1.003-1.16), 1.10 (95% CI:1.02-1.20) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.003-1.26). Relatively higher RRs were seen in urinary diseases and hypertension under extremely high temperature, reaching as high as 2.30 (95%CI:1.18-4.51) and 1.65 (95%CI:1.02-2.69). Cold weather presented a delayed effect for 30 days, with cumulative RRs as 1.51 (95%CI:1.42-1.60), 1.90 (95%CI:1.64-2.20), 2.12 (95%CI:1.67-2.69), 1.48 (95%CI:1.08-2.03), 1.60 (95%CI:1.46-1.75), 1.40 (95%CI:1.26-1.55), 1.68 (95%CI:1.45-1.95) for CVD, RD, chronic lower respiratory diseases, hypertension,IHD, CBD and AMI, on sequence.

CONCLUSIONA relationship was seen between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths as well as cause-specific mortality. Either high or low temperature seemed to be detrimental. Related measures on disease prevention should be taken during the cold and hot seasons.

Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo find out the differences in regional characteristics of heat vulnerability between people living in urban centers and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city so as to provide basis for the development of adaptation measures to heat.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey on heat vulnerability was conducted in urban center and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city, using a self-designed questionnaire among 801 residents at the age of 16 years or older in August 2013. Data of 23 indicators related to heat vulnerability were collected and aggregated to 7 dimensions:health and medical insurance, social networks, heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources, living environment and working environment. An index score was calculated using a balanced weighted average approach for each dimension, ranging from 0 to 1, with the closer to 1 as greater vulnerability.

RESULTSThe scores on heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources and working environment dimensions for urban-fringe areas were 0.42,0.63,0.55 and 0.62, statistically significantly higher than the urban center area of 0.41,0.51,0.26 and 0.41. Scores of living environment, social networks and health/medical insurance dimensions for urban center area were 0.57,0.49 and 0.31, which were all higher than the urban-fringe areas of 0.50,0.46 and 0.25, with differences statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONResidents living in the urban center might be more vulnerable to heat in terms of living environment, health/medical insurance and social networks while residents living in the urban-fringe areas might more be vulnerable in terms of heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, life resources and working environment. These facts indicated that heat vulnerability among residents could be quite different, even at a fine geographic sale. We would thus suggest that intervention strategies on protecting people from heat, should be more targeted.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Status ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult