Objective To evaluate the clinical application of computer-aided electromagnetic imaging navigation in nasal endoscopic surgery.Methods Twenty-two cases of nasal endoscopic surgery with intraoperative imaging navigation were retrospectively reviewed,including 16 cases of sinusitis with or without polyp;5 cases of nasal inverting papilloma; 1 case of maxillary capillary hemangioma.All cases were operated with computer-aided electromagentic imaging navigation and nasal endoscope.Results The preoperative preparing time would take 4-10 minutes.In 22 cases,the localization accuracy between 3-D image landmarks of navigation system and actual anatomical landmarks was less than 1 mm.The optic nerve and other anatomical landmarks could be orientated accurately in intraoperative procedures.No complication occurred.Conclusions Nasal endoscope combined with computer-aided electromagnetic imaging navigation provides accurate anatomical localization of nasal cavity,sinuses and anterior skull base.It could improve the effectiveness and decrease surgical complications,especially in complicated cases.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibody before 20 weeks pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.Methods Literature search was done in PubMed,EMBASE,Wanfang Medical Database,China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database and China Biology Medicine disc databases from January 1st,1980 to December 31th,2013.The following search terms were used:hypothyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism,hypothyroxinnism,thyroid antibody,preterm labor,preterm birth,etc.(1) Criteria for inclusion:cohort studies and clinical studies were included; only articles that described at least l0 patients were eligible;the exposure was clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantihody,and outcome was preterm birth.(2) The excluded subjects were articles that described less than 10 patients; controls were pregnant women without eurothyrodisim.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.The relationship between clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibody and risk of preterm birth was evaluated by OR or RR.Results (1) Twenty cohort studies were enrolled.A total of 39 596 cases of preterm birth occurred among 498 418 pregnant women.The controls in these studies were pregnant women with eurothyrodisim.(2) Clinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy:eight studies were included,reported data on 478 418 pregnant women (5 473 women with clinical hypothyroidism and 472 945 euthyroid pregnant women).The risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with clinical hypothyroidism was higher than those eurothyroid pregnant women in control group (OR=1.25,95％ CI:1.15-1.36,P＜0.01).(3) Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy:ten studies were included,reported data on 277 531 pregnant women (5 257 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and 272 274 euthyroid pregnant women).The risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism was higher than those in control group by random effects analysis (OR=1.25,95％ CI:1.14-1.36,P＜0.01).(4) Thyroid autoantibodys positive in pregnancy:eleven studies were included,reported data on 28 781 pregnant women (3 036 women with thyroid autoanti body positive and 25 745 euthyroid pregnant women).The risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with positive thyroid autoantibody was higher than those negative thyroid autoantibody in control group (OR=1.47,95％ CI:1.27-1.70,P＜0.01).The funnel plots presented symmetrical graphics,indicating that there was no publication bias.Conclusion Clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibody in pregnant women is risk factors of preterm birth.

Objective To investigate the composite prevention strategy for shoulder dystocia.Methods The published articles of randomized controlled trial (RCT)of comparison about the prevention of shoulder dystocia were searched in PubMed,EMBASE,EBSCO databases and Cochrane Library,and these studies were screened under inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quality of included studies were evaluated.And the Meta-analysis using statistic software RevMan 5.1 was completed.Results Totally 16 articles,all English published with no one Chinese article being searched out,were included in this analysis,published from 1993 to 2009.(1)To the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)patients,reviewed from 2 articles,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystocia was reduced significantly by prenatal intervention versus usual care (OR=0.40,95％ CI:0.21-0.75,P=0.004).(2)To the GDM patients with intensive prenatal intervention,reviewed form 5 articles,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystocia was reduced significantly by intensive intervention (diet control combined with insulin if necessary)versus less intensive intervention (only diet control),OR=0.29 (95 ％ CI:0.11-0.73,P=0.009).(3) To the non-GDM patients with suspected macrosomia,reviewed from 4 articles,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystocia was not reduced by early artificial induction of parturition (OR=0.85,95 ％ CI:0.41-1.75,P=0.660).(4)To the GDM patients,reviewed form 2 articles,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystocia was reduced marginal significantly by artificial induction of parturition in 38-39 gestational weeks compared with all spontaneous parturition patients (OR=0.18,95 ％ CI:0.03-0.97,P=0.050) and significantly reduced when compared with those spontaneous parturition patients after 40 gestational weeks (OR=0.13,95 ％ CI:0.02-0.75,P=0.020).(5)To the GDM patients with suspected macrosomia,reviewed from only one article,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystoeia was reduced marginal significantly by early artificial induction of parturition (OR=0.34,95 ％ CI:0.12-0.99,P=0.050).(6)Reviewed from 2 articles,it was found that the incidence of shoulder dystocia was not significantly reduced by the intrapartum prophylactic maneuvers (OR=0.44,95％ CI:0.16-1.18,P=0.100).Conclusion Some varieties of intervention for the high risk patients could reduced the occurrence of shoulder dystocia.

Aim To observe the effect of mineralocor-ticoid receptor blockade eplerenone on cell proliferation in obstructed kidney of rats. Methods Renal intersti-tial fibrotic animals were made with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and treated with eplerenone100 mg · kg - 1 · d - 1 . The kidneys were harvested on the 10th day and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PC-NA ), serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase-1 (SGK-1 ) and transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Renal histopathology showed large quantities extracellular matrix (ECM) accumula-tion in kidney with UUO, large numbers of inflammato-ry cells infiltrated in renal interstitium, renal tubular expansion and exfoliation of epithelial cells . The cell proliferation and ECM accumulation were inhibited in eplerenone treated rats significantly. Immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot showed that expressions of PCNA,SGK-1 and TGF-β1 were significantly up-regu-lated with UUO and down-regulated by eplerenone. Conclusion Eplerenone plays the role in inhibiting the cell proliferation and reducing ECM accumulation by down-regulating expression of SGK-1 pathway in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate the history, risk factors for prognosis of malignant biliary stricture (MBS) patients receiving conservative therapy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to set up a predictive model for overall survival (OS). Methods: MBS patients who underwent ERCP and conservative therapy in Xijing Hospital and PLA No.451 Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013 were enrolled to the present study. Predictive factors associated with OS were identified in the training cohort by stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. A predictive model was then developed and externally validated in the validation cohort. Results: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 152 and 149 patients were eligible to the training and validation cohort respectively. In the training cohort, tumors were mainly originated from bile duct (33.6%), pancreas (23.5%) or ampulla (20.4%). 76.3% (116/152) patients died during the observation period. The median OS for the training population was 5.0 months (3.9-6.2 months). CA19-9≥1 000 U/mL, non-ampulla tumor, metastasis, pre-ERCP total bilirubin≥7 mg/dL and hilar stricture were identified as independent predictive factors of poor OS (all P<0.05). Based on these factors, the COMTH predictive model was developed. The median OS of patients with COMTH>8 in the training and validation cohorts were both 3.0 months, which were significantly shorter than those with COMTH≤8 (10.0 and 6.9 months in the training and validation cohorts respectively, both P<0.001). Conclusion The prognosis of MBS patients undergoing ERCP is poor. The survival chance of patients with COMTH>8 is even more dismal.

Objective:The characteristics of women with false elevated testosterone were analyze and the literature was reviewed to provide reference for clinical laboratory identification of false elevated testosterone.Methods:The characteristics of three patients with false elevated testosterone in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of different detection platforms and methods for the determination of testosterone levels were compared. International and domestic literatures related to false elevation of testosterone and detection methods of testosterone were searched for a comprehensive analysis from PUBMED and CNKI.Results:The levels of testosterone in 3 female patients were elevated by immunoassay and normal by mass spectrometry. They were excluded from the diagnosis of hyperandrogenemia. A total of 38 literatures related to testosterone detection were retrieved, of which 9 case reports of pseudohyperandrogenemia, among which 12 cases of pseudohyperandrogenemia were reported in 2 domestic literatures in 2021. All cases were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Previous studies have clearly indicated that the result of routine immunoassay in clinical laboratory for the determination of female testosterone have poor correlation with the results of LC-MS/MS, with varying degrees of deviation.Conclusions:Immunoassay tests for female testosterone is susceptible to interference and lead to elevated false results. It is suggested that clinical laboratories evaluate the detection methods used and establish a identification program, and confirm samples with suspected pseudoelevated testosterone elevation using other immune platforms or LC-MS/MS.

BACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains debatable. In this study, we investigated the associations among the serum levels of PAI-1, the incidence of 4G/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, immunological indicators, and clinical outcomes in septic patients. METHODS: A total of 181 patients aged 18-80 years with sepsis between November 2016 and August 2018 in the intensive care unit in the Xinhua Hospital were recruited in this retrospective study, with 28-day mortality as the primary outcome. The initial serum level of PAI-1 and the presence of rs1799768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with different genotypes of PAI-1, serum level of PAI-1, and 28-day mortality. RESULTS: The logistic analysis suggested that a high serum level of PAI-1 was associated with the rs1799768 SNP of PAI-1 (4G/4G and 4G/5G) (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 5.68). Furthermore, a high serum level of PAI-1 strongly influenced 28-day mortality (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.51, 7.49). The expression and activation of neutrophils (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), as well as the changes in the expression patterns of cytokines and chemokine-associated neutrophils (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00), were both regulated by the genotype of PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of PAI-1 can influence the serum levels of PAI-1, which might contribute to mortality by affecting neutrophil activity. Thus, patients with severe sepsis might clinically benefit from enhanced neutrophil clearance and the resolution of inflammation via the regulation of PAI-1 expression and activity.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Genotype ; Neutrophils ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis/genetics*