Objective To observe and compare the pharmacokinetics of hydrochloric berberine in rats administrated Gangtai by 3 routes.Method Rats were taken orally or administrated Gangtai by abdomen skin or rectal,and their serum concentrations of hydrochloric berberine at different time(0～30 h)were determined with HPLC method.Results The main pharmacokinetics parameters of hydrochloric berberine by abdomen skin,rectal and oral administration:Cmax was 127.4,269.4,127.9 g/L respectively,Tmax was 1,0.5,0.5 h respectively,AUC0-30 h was 161 1.44,105 5.61,765.88 g/(L?h)respectively.Conclusion The pharmacokinetics parameters of Gangtai in rats provided academic evidence for clinical application of Gangtai.

BACKGROUND:Because of its advantages, Endobutton has been widely used in clinic. Currently, its shortcomings are increasingly recognized. Tightrope that overcomes the shortcomings of Endobutton has been gradualy accepted by a doctor skiled in sports injuries.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the differences in the effects of Tightrope and Endobutton in the reconstruction of the cruciate ligament.
METHODS:Totaly 60 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture were selected and subjected to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy, of which 30 cases were randomly assigned to reconstruction by Endobutton device and 30 cases underwent reconstruction by Tightrope device. Al operations were performed by the same surgeon. Al patients were subjected to regular functional exercise and were folowed up regularly after operation. Effects of Tightrope and Endobutton in the cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated by comparing various indexes in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the Endobutton fixation system, the Tightrope fixation system could shorten the operation time, reduce the length of tendon incision, and decrease the loss of bone mass in the femoral bone tunnel. There were no significant differences in the maximum knee flexion, knee joint score and Tegner movement level score between the two groups at 3 and 6 months after operation. These findings indicate that the Tightrope fixation system is superior to the Endobutton fixation system, because it is more simple and convenient to operate and has less bone loss. However, their clinical efficacy has no difference after 6 months.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts (OC), and to explore its role in orthodontic force-induced root resorption and its relationship with OC.Methods:The mononuclear / macrophage cells RAW264.7 were induced to the OC.Tacrolimus acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption lacunae observation were used to identify the induction.CCK-8 method was used to select the appropriate concentration of UA for RAW264.7 cell-free biotoxicity and to observe its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7.In experimental groups, UA with gradient concentrations (1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0and 40.0 μmol·L-1)were added.UA was not added in control group.Results:The TRAP staining and bone resorption lacunae observation showed that after the RAW264.7 cells were induced for 5 d, the TRAP staining positive cells were found;the resorption lacunae were rounded,and oval, etc,the bottom wall was coarser,and the boundary was clear,which indicated that the RAW264.7 cells were successfully differentiated into the osteoclasts.The CCK-8 detection results showed that high concentration of UA (> 10.0 μmol·L-1) significantly inhibited the proliferation of OC;the appropriate concentration of UA (5.0 μmol·L-1) was in the biological safety concentration range and could inhibit the OC proliferation;low concentration of UA (<2.5 μmol·L-1) had no effect.Conclusion:RANKL can induce the differentiation and maturation of RAW264.7 cells.UA is correlated with the proliferation and differentiation of OC;UA has inhibitory effect on OC at the appropriate concentration (5.0 μmol·L-1) in a time-dependent manner.

Objective:To prepare compound fluconazole gel and to establish a method for its quality control. Methods: Flucon-azole and baicalin were the main ingredients in the gel, and their contents were determined by HPLC. Moreover, the drug release in vitro, irritation and stability of the gel were tested. Results:The fluconazole and baicalin had a good linear relationship within the range of 12. 5-150. 0 μg·ml-1 and 25. 0-175. 0 μg·ml-1, respectively. The average recovery rate was 99. 45%(RSD=0. 40%, n=9) and 99. 31%(RSD=0. 31%, n=9), respectively. The in vitro drug release of the gel was accordance with the first order release e-quation, and the cumulative release rate of fluconazole and baicalin in 12 h was 87. 6% and 80. 03%, respectively. The gel was stable without irritation. Conclusion:The formula, preparation technology and stability of compound fluconazole gel are promising and the quality standard is controllable.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyanidin-3-glucopyranoside extracted from Chinese bayberry on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cell line SGC7901.Methods After cocultured with C3G on different concentrations,cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay; morphology of apoptosis were observed by laser confocal microscopy; TUNEL assay was applied to measure the apoptoic rate; The expression of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,ICAD protein were observed by Western blot assay.Results C3G significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in a concentration-and timedependent manner as measured by MTT method(P ＜ 0.01).After cells were treated with C3G,the presence of typical morphological changes of apoptosis was confirmed with laser confocal microscopy after Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.TUNEL assay indicated that the number of apoptotic cells in C3G-treated group was greater than that in the gastric cancer cells group(P ＜ 0.01).The expression level of Bcl-2 was down-regulated while the expression level of Bax was up-regulated by C3G,the ratio of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein decreased.C3G may accelerate the activation of procaspase-3 and down-regulate the expression of ICAD(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions C3G inhibits SGC7901 cell growth and induces apoptosis in a concentraion-and time-dependent manner.This action may be mediated by down-regulating Bcl-2/Bax,resulting in Caspase-3 activition and decreased ICAD protein expression.

Objective To examine the prevalence of chikungunya virus in brain tissue samples from rat?like animals in Xiamen, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, and to explore whether the rat?like animals are potential sources of human chikungunya fever infections and the host of the virus. Methods Rat?like animals were trapped in residential areas, city parks, hospitals, markets and schools in Xiamen, Shenzhen and Guangzhou (Yuexiu and Baiyun districts) between January 2013 and June 2016. Brain tissue samples of the trapped animals were collected under sterile. Chikungunya virus was detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT?PCR). Results Totally 1092 rat?like animals were trapped, which belonged to 7 species, 3 genera, 2 families, 2 orders. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in the indoor environment, Rattus losea was dominant in wild environment, and 1092 brain tissue samples were collected. No detectable chikungunya virus was found in the brain tissue samples by RT?PCR. Conclusion There is a low possibility that rat?like animals act infectious sources of human chikungunya fever infections and the host of the virus.

OBJECTIVETo study the long-term curative effects of suture plus proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) and suture plus triad-therapy (omeprazole, amoxycillin and flagyl taken orally) for the treatment of duodenal ulcer with acute perforation.

METHODSThree hundred and twenty-nine patients with duodenal ulcer and acute perforation were treated with 2 different methods, respectively. Method A was suture plus PGV (group A, 153 cases), and method B was suture plus triad-therapy (group B, 176 cases). Follow-up was made by means of correspondence, outpatient reexamination and cooperation with local hospitals in 5 to 8 years after operation. The contents of follow-up included symptom acquisition (such as upper abdominal pain or distention, pyrosis, belch, acid regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea and conditions of living or working), gastroscopy and Helicobacter pylori (HP) detection. The curative effects were evaluated by the Visick scale.

RESULTSThree hundred and one patients were followed up (group A 142 and group B 159). According to the Visick scale, 97 (68.3%), 19 (13.4%), 13 (9.15%) and 13 (9.15%) patients in group A, and 31 (19.5%), 28 (17.6%), 24 (15.1%) and 76 (47.8%) in group B were classified as Visick I, II, III and IV respectively (Z = -9.818, P < 0.01). As for HP detection, there were 130 (91.5%) patients in group A and 94 (59.1%) in group B (chi(2) = 41.438, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe long-term curative effects of suture plus PGV were superior to those of suture plus triad-therapy for duodenal ulcer with acute perforation although HP positive rate was higher in group A than in group B. HP infection is one of the etiological factors of duodenal ulcer. The increased excitability of the vagus nerve remains to play an important role in duodenal ulcer.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amoxicillin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Duodenal Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Metronidazole ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Omeprazole ; administration & dosage ; Peptic Ulcer Perforation ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Suture Techniques ; Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric ; methods

Objective: To compare the outcomes of gastrectomy with either wedge resection of the pancreas or pancreaticosplenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) invading pancreas. Methods: From May 2005 to December 2015, a total of 64 patients with AEG invading pancreas underwent gastrectomy with either wedge resection of pancreas (n=25) or pancreaticosplenectomy (n=39) at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University. There were 53 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 60.2 years (range: 39 to 77 years). According to the AJCC esophageal cancer staging system, 8^th edition, there were 27 patients in phase T4N0M0, 18 in phase T4bN1M0, 9 in phase T4bN2M0 and 10 in phase T4bN3M0. Follow-up was carried out every 6 months. The t-test for the measurement data and the χ² test, Fisher exact test or Wilcoxon ran-sum test for the enumeration data were used between the two groups. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was undertaken using the Cox proportional hazard model (forward stepwise regression). Results: In 39 patients who underwent pancreaticosplenectomy, incision infection occurred in 5 patients, anastomotic leak, peritoneal infection, lung infarction each occurred in 1 patient. There was 1 respiratory failure and 1 peritoneal infection in 25 patients undergoing wedge resection of the pancreas. There were no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the 2 groups (8/39 vs. 2/25, P=0.292), and no postoperative death in the study. Fifty-seven patients were followed up, with a follow-up rate of 89.1%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 32.3% in patients who underwent simultaneous gastrectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy, compared to 0 in those who underwent gastrectomy and wedge resection of the pancreas (χ²=4.484, P=0.034). The 5-year overall survival rate for patients who undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy was 32.3%, compared to 17.2% in whom underwent surgery alone (χ²=4.186, P=0.041). Conclusions Survival benefit from R0 resection by simultaneous gastrectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy for AEG invading the pancreas can be achieved. Adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for these patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of serum antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in bats.

METHODSBlood samples from the heart were obtained from bats captured in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces in 2013. The anti-JEV antibodies in bat sera were tested using indirect ELISA and virus neutralization test.

RESULTSA total of 201 bat serum samples were tested, in which the total positivity rate of anti-JEV antibodies was 46.27% (93/201). The positive rate of anti-JEV antibodies in bats from Hainan and Guangdong Provinces was 88.89% (48/54) and 30.61% (45/147), respectively. All the samples from Rousettus leschenaultia, Miniopterus schreibersii, Pipistrellus abramus, and Rhinolophus macrotis were positive for anti-JEV antibodies, and up to 95.56% (43/45) of the samples from Miniopterus schreibersii (from Hainan Province) yielded positive results. Of the 28 samples with positive results by indirect ELISA, 15 showed positive results in virus neutralization test (53.57%) with neutralization antibody titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:28.22.

CONCLUSIONBats from different regions and of different species can be naturally infected with JEV and have a high prevalence of anti-JEV antibodies in their sera. The role of bats in the natural cycle of JEV awaits further study.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; Chiroptera ; immunology ; virology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Neutralization Tests

Objective:To analyze the interim clinical efficacy of laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients.Methods:The prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 102 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from September 2014 to May 2018 were collected. After excluding 6 patients, 96 patients were finally included. Based on random number table, patients were allocated into two groups. Patients undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were allocated into laparoscopic group, and patients undergoing open distal gastrectomy were allocated into open group, respectively. Obser-vation indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) intraoperative situations; (3) postoperative situations; (4) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect complications in the postoperative 30 days up to July 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( P25, P75) or M(range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the non-parameter Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients: a total of 96 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 66 males and 30 females, aged from 65 to 85 years, with a median age of 69 years. There were 49 of 96 patients in the laparoscopic group and 47 patients in the open group. (2) Intraoperative situations: patients in the two groups underwent distal gastrectomy successfully with D 2 lymphadenectomy, without intra-operative conversion to laparotomy. The volume of intraoperative blood loss and surgical incision length were 50 mL(50 mL,100 mL) and (7.1±1.7)cm for the laparoscopic group, respectively, versus 100 mL(100 mL,200 mL) and (19.1±1.7)cm for the open group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( Z=?3.779, t=?34.880, P<0.05) . (3) Postoperative situations: the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative initial out-of-bed activities, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first liquid food intake, time to postoperative first semi-liquid food intake, time to drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay were 49(35,62), 1.9 days(1.3 days,2.9 days), 2.6 days(2.2 days,2.9 days), 3.4 days(2.7days,4.0 days), 5.9 days(4.7 days,7.7 days), 4.9 days(3.5 days,6.8 days), 7.7 days(6.7 days,8.9 days) for the laparoscopic group, respectively, versus 40(27,51), 2.5 days (1.8 days,3.3 days), 2.6 days(2.2 days,2.9 days), 3.9 days(2.9 days,5.7 days), 4.9 days(3.9 days, 5.9 days), 6.3 days(4.7 days,8.9 days), 8.7 days(6.9 days,11.7 days), showing significant differences between the two groups ( Z=?2.354, ?2.210, ?2.743, ?2.474, ?2.906, ?2.503, ?2.359, P<0.05). (4) Follow-up: patients in the two groups received 30 days of follow-up. During the follow-up, 8 patients in the laparoscopic group had postoperative complications, including 1 case with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ complications, 7 cases with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ complications, and no patient with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ complications. Thirteen patients in the open group had postoperative complications, including 2 cases with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ complications, 10 cases with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ complications, and 1 case with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ complications. There was no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=1.135, 1.973, 1.054, P>0.05). The overall complication rate was 16.3%(8/49) and 27.7%(13/47) for the laparoscopic group and open group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.803, 99.7% confidence interval as ?∞ to 2.4%, P>0.05). The upper limit of 99.7% confidence interval was less than non-inferiority level of 15%, interim analysis of which showed that the complication rate of the laparoscopic group was non-inferior to the open group. Conclusion:For elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic or open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, laparoscopic surgery does not increase intraoperative or postoperative complications, and has advantages of minimally invasiveness, fine operation, quicker recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Registry: this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov in United States, with the registry number of NCT02246153.