Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of methamphetamine (MA) dependence and the repairment of DA neuronal function by SPECT corpus striatum DAT visual digital neural molecular imaging techniques.Methods 25 MA dependent patients (BPRS score ≥ 35) were treated by self-designed treatment program for more than 6 months.The clinical therapeutic effects were scored with reducing rate of BPRS.MA dependent patients were examined by SPECT corpus striatum DAT imaging before and after treatment,while healthy volunteers were examined only once.The SPECT corpus striatum DAT images were analyzed visually and quantitatively.Results The reducing rate of BPRS showed that the total effective rate was 80.0％.Visual analysis of SPECT corpus striatum DAT images showed that the distribution of DAT in the corpus striatum was regionally reduced or defected in various degrees before treatment,and was significantly increased after treatment.Quantitative analysis showed that the bilateral striatal V ((19.26 ± 2.85) cm3),m((20.22±2.99) g) and Ra(4.78±0.79) ％) of MA dependent patients were significantly lower compared with those of the healthy volunteers(respectively (35.39±4.42) cm3,(37.16±4.64) g and (7.93± 0.86) ％) (all P＜ 0.01) before treatment and were significantly improved (P＜ 0.01) after treatment (V:(22.80±4.28) cm3,m:(23.93± 4.49) g and Ra:(5.64 ± 0.99) ％) with a 76.0％ corpus striatum DAT improvement rate.However,the bilateral striatal V,m and Ra of MA dependent patients after treatment were still lower than those of the healthy volunteers (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between the striatal DAT improvement rate and the BPRS reduction rate (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion SPECT corpus striatum DAT visual digital neural molecular imaging techniques are reliable in the evaluation of the treatment programs for MA dependence and the repair of DA neuronal function.

Heavy-ions have the similar characteristic of depth-dose distribution with protons, but exhibit enhanced physical and radiobiological benefits. With increasing development in technical and clinical research, more facilities are being installed in the world. At the same time, many critical techniques of heavy-ion therapy facility were optimized and completed. This paper classified and reviewed the basic structure of heavy-ion system equipments, especially the accelerator, gantry, nozzle , TPS.
Cancer Care Facilities ; Heavy Ion Radiotherapy ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective To investigate the relationship of vitamin D with the intestinal development and study the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the duodenum of C57BL/6 mice at different developmental stages.Methods Quantitative PCR (qPCR),histology using H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining,and Western blotting (WB) were performed to elucidate the expression of VDR in mice intestine at different growth and developmental stages.Results The peak of VDR mRNA expression reached on 21 d.The pathological result showed that VDR mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the mouse duodenum.WB result indicated that there was no nuclear translocation of VDR protein in the mouse duodenum.Conclusions This study demonstrates the regularity of expression of VDR in the mouse duodenum during its development,and contributes to understanding the function of VDR in the intestines.

Objective The aim of this study was to observe the growth difference and expression of cytochrome C of skin hair follicles in neonatal mice .Methods The morphology of different skin hair follicles of neonatal mice ( postnatal day 1-9)were observed by HE staining histology and cytochrome C was detected by immunohistochemistry .Results The skin hair follicles in different parts of neonatal mice showed differences not only in morphology but also in developmental pe -riods.Hair follicle growth in the back and tail skin had a nonlinear and growing period .After the nonlinear and growing pe-riod they began to grow rapidly .The tail development was slightly slower than that on the back .The hair follicles of vibris-sae were very special , and started to develop without a stable period .Conclusions The results of morphological observa-tion and cytochrome C immunohistochemistry demonstrate that differences exist in the hair follicle morphology and develop -mental times in the skin of different parts of the body in neonatal mice .

Objective To assess the efficiency of total laminectomy and transpedicular screw placement techniques and a thoroughly decompression with a three column fixation device on the early cervical spine cord injury.Methods 27 patients were operated successfully with total cervical laminectomy through transpedicular screw techniques.Precise measurements of all cervical spines were made by postoperative CT scan of pedicle dimensions,angulation,and offset relative to the lateral mass boundaries.And meanwhile,cortical integrity and neurovascular injury were then assessed by obtaining postoperative computed tomography scans of each patient.Results Using manual techniques,220 pedicles were instrumented and all the cases were followed up between three to twenty-four months.The postoperative gradations were obviously better than the preoperative evaluation.Regardless of the technique used,the vertebral artery was the structure most likely to be injured.Conclusion Insufficient correlation between different surgeons' assessments of surface landmarks attests to the inadequacy of screw insertion techniques in the cervical spine based on such specific topographic.At the early stage of cervical spinal cord injury,using total laminonectomy decompression through cervical screws techniques to reconstruct spinal alignment could improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To study the urea rebound after hemodialysis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and its impact factors. Methods From 124 stable MHD patients, blood samples were collected at the beginning, immediate post-hemodialysis, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after hemodialysis. The urea rebound was quantified, and its effect on URR and spKt/V was investigated. The impact factors on urea rebound were analyzed. Results In this group of patients, average post-hemodialytic urea rebound was 13.6%, leading to over-estimation of URR and spKt/V of 0.04 and 0.14, respectively. Hemodialysis efficiency expressed as K/V determined urea rebound most significantly. Other impact factors included higher hemoglobin, higher relative ultrafiltration, arteriovenous access, and male patients. Conclusions Urea rebound is common after the hemodialysis. For specific patients and hemodialysis sessions, ignoring it would result in significant over-estimation of delivered hemodialysis dose.

BACKGROUND: Long-term sustained release naltrexone has been reported in clinical application near one year that it can improve emotional state and relieve addiction; therefore, the effect of long-term sustained release naltrexone on memory restoration at neuropsychology level were explored. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of long-term sustained release naltrexone on memory ability of opioid addicts. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational study was performed at Drug Rehabilitation Centers of Wuhan, Changde, Zhengzhou, and Jiangyang between October and December 2006. Healthy controls were tested in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University in October 2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 88 males with opioid addicts were divided into naltrexone group (n=35), compulsory detoxification group (n=26), and non-treatment group (n=27). Another 22 healthy subjects were considered as the controls. METHODS: At 6-12 months before testing, naltrexone (3.1 g) was subcutaneously implanted into bilateral abdominal wall in the naltrexone group; patients in the compulsory detoxification group underwent completely compulsory detoxification for 6 months, and the examination results, including diamorphine, methadone, and buprenorphine in urine, were negative on the immediately testing day. Event related potential and its wave form were recorded from the opioid addicts in the three groups and from healthy controls who finished semantic recognition between new and old words using portable-type event related potential working system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correct rate and response time of semantic memory; latency and amplitude of language related potential-N400. RESULTS: ①There were significant differences in correct rate and response time between three expedmental groups and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.001 ); in addition, correct rate was significantly increased, and response time was significantly shortened in the naltrexone group compared to compulsory detoxification group and non-treatment group (P＜ 0.05). ② N400 latency in the three experimental groups was significantly longer than healthy control group (P ＜ 0.01), while N400 amplitude in the naltrexone group was increased, which was no significant difference compared to healthy control group (P> 0.05) but was significant difference compared to compulsory detoxification group and non-treatment group (P ＜ 0.01). CONCLUSION: Long-term sustained release naltrexone can effectively improve neural function and enhance semantic memory of the opioid addicts.

Objective To investigate the effects and relations of carvedilol on heart rate turbulence and secretion of sympathetic nerve in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods Sixty-six patients selected with acute myocardial infarction were randomized to enroll into experimental group ( n = 33 ) treated with earvedilol and control group( n = 33 ) treated with metoprolol for 12 months follow-up treatment. The concenrrarions of plasma norepinephrine(NE) and epinephrine (E) and 24 hour Holter monitoring were messured respectively before the treatment ,after 6 months and 12 months; and new cardiac events were supervised for all cases. Quantification of heart rate turbulenee(HRT) were carried out by computer analyzing two factors: turbulence onset(TO) and turbulence slope(TS) from the data of 24 hour Holter monitoring. NE,E,TO,TS and the occurrence rate of new cardiac events were compared between two groups and in different times of treatment. The correlation between TO,TS and NE,E was analysed. Results Before the treatment, there was no significant differences between two groups to the comparisons of NE,E,TO and TS(P＞0.05). After treating 6 and 12 months, NE, E and TO of experimental group were all lower than control group's significantly, accordingly TS were all higher(P＜0.05). By comparing 3 times( before,after 6 and 12 months of treatment), NE, E and TO of two groups dropped, meanwhile TS rose; experimental group showed significant changes( P＜0.05 ), but control group showed no significant differences(P＞0.05 ). The occurrence rate of new cardiac events of experimental group was lower than control group's significantly (P＜0.05 ).There was significant correlation between NE, E and TO, TS (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Carvedilol treatment can block the secretion of sympathetic nerve after myocardial infarction and prevent the occurrences of new cardiac events significantly; the changes of the secretion of sympathetic nerve can play an important role for heart rate turbulence (HRT) ,the changes of HRT would be hopeful to predict new cardiac events alter myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Inherent modal analysis and harmonic response analysis on the human normal lumbosacral vertebraehave been reported, but there is a lack of comparative research on their modal analysis results before and after pediclescrew fixation.OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic characteristics of human lumbosacral vertebrae using three-dimensional finiteelement method.METHODS: Finite element model of lumbosacral vertebrae (L1-S1) before and after pedicle screw fixation was developedand validated based on CT images, and the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were then conducted.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Representative nodes were selected at the spinous process segments of L1, L3 andL5, and numbered as A, B, and C, respectively. (2) The maximum displacement of each node in Y and Z directions oflumbosacral vertebral model after internal fixation was significantly decreased compared with those of the normallumbosacral vertebral model, suggesting that screw fixation system plays a protective role in lumbosacral vertebrae, andreduces its amplitude under external load, thus diminishing its sensitivity to external load. (3) The lumbosacral vertebralmodal analysis can provide basis for further study on dynamic analysis, and the parameters such as natural frequency,modal shape and vibration amplitude of the lumbar spine have been determined.

BACKGROUND: In the patients with congenital scoliosis, the spinal motor units exhibit developmental disorders and poor range of motion. It has been found that the compensation ability of coronal lumbosacral region (L4-S1) is associated with the occurrence of non-compensable trunk migration postoperatively.OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional finite element models of coronal lumbosacral region of normal and patients with congenital scoliosis and to compare the strain, displacement, stress and stiffness under different loading conditions among models.METHODS: One normal subject and two congenital scoliosis patients with different coronal lumbosacral region flexibility were selected, DICOM image datawere obtained by spiral CT scanning at the lumbosacral region, and then imported into MIMICS software, and a three-dimensional model was established according to the gray values of each tissue on CT,followed by simplified by GEOMAGIC, and finally imported into ABAQUS foftware to conduct a mechanic analysis under different loading conditions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under different lateral forces, in the three models, the maximum stress mainly distributed on the frontal region of L4 cortical bone, and maximum displacement concentrated on L5. (2) There was no significant change in the stress distribution in the two scoliosis models, but the compensable model showed larger displacement change, and its stiffness was significantly less than that of the non-compensable model, indicating that the compensable model is easy to deform. (3) These findings suggest that three-dimensional finite element model is helpful to perform a biomechanical analysis for coronal lumbosacral region of congenital scoliosis, among which, a compensable model exhibits large displacement, suggesting a good flexibility.