Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of histamine in regulation of C57BL/6 mice spleen derived LAK activity in vivo. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice carrying B16 pulmonary metastatic melanoma were treated with LAK/IL 2/histamine therapy or LAK/IL 2 therapy with the aim of evaluating both anti tumor responses in vivo. Results: It was found that the addition of histamine effectively potentiated the anti metastatic effect produced by LAK/IL 2 therapy and induced regression of NK resistant B16 pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Survival period was significantly prolonged in mice receiving LAK/IL 2/histamine as compared with LAK/IL 2 therapy alone. The effect of histamine was completely blocked by H 2 R antagonist ranitidine, and mimicked by dimaprit, a H 2 R agonist. Conclusion:Histamine, via specific activation of H 2 R, may be an important regulator of LAK cells activity; histamine and LAK/IL 2 synergistically induce more potent antitumor efficacy in vivo .

To explore the effect of IL-33 on various tumor types,exogenous injection of recombinant mouse IL-33 protein (mIL-33) was used to study the efficacy of different subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse models. In this study,mIL-33 has been found to significantly inhibit the growth of liver,lung,gastric,prostate,and colon cancers. However,the inhibition of tumor growth by mIL-33 was not completely consistent in different types of tumor. A lower dose of mIL-33 (10 μg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice of liver,lung,and gastric cancers,while a higher dose of mIL-33 (90 μg/kg) was required to exert the corresponding antitumor effect in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse models with prostate and colon cancers. In addition,the growth inhibitory effect of mIL-33 on subcutaneous tumors of colon cancer was also correlated with the duration of administration and the stage of tumor progression. The results of this study indicate that mIL-33 significantly inhibits the growth of a variety of tumors,suggesting that IL-33 might be an effective target for tumor treatment.

Objective:To understand the situation of death reports of HIV/AIDS patients in China from 2011 to 2019, including the situation of reporting delay and the risk factors of reporting delay, and to provide scientific basis for formulating relevant policies.Methods:The Joinpoint regression model was used to describe the changing trend of the proportion of HIV/AIDS patients who were reported within 6 months after death, and the logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of delayed-reporting of HIV/AIDS deaths.Results:From 2011 to 2019, 241, 019 cases of HIV/AIDS patients were reported dead in China, and 237, 282 cases were included in the study. The proportion of reporting within 6 months after death declined during 2011-2018 (APC=-0.57%, p=0.047). Logistic regression model showed that ethnic minorities ( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.29-1.39), domestic workers and unemployed workers ( OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.48~1.61), high school education or above ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.09~1.20), patients who were over 45 years old when they were diagnosed ( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.12~1.21), duration of diagnosis was more than six months ( OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.57~1.70), infection route was heterosexual transmission ( OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.13~1.30) or injection drug ( OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.17~1.36) and the inconsistency between the permanent residence registration place and the reporting place ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.04~1.13) are more prone to delayed-reporting, in the cases of divorced or widowed ( OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.84~0.91) patients, those who were receiving national free antiviral treatment ( OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.76~0.81), and the death place was located in medical institutions ( OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.86~0.94) and no loss to follow-up at the last follow-up before death ( OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.24~0.26) deaths were more likely to be reported in time. Conclusions:From 2011 to 2019, 91.63% of the dead HIV/AIDS patients in China can be reported within 6 months, and the proportion of the dead HIV/AIDS patients reported within 6 months from 2011 to 2018 shows a slightly downward trend. Ethnic minorities, those who are engaged in domestic work and unemployed, high school or above education, patients who were over 45 years old when they were diagnosed, duration of diagnosis was more than six months, infection route was heterosexual transmission or injection drug and the inconsistency between the permanent residence registration place and the reporting place are the risk factors for delayed-reporting, while divorce or widowhood, receiving antiviral treatment, dying in medical institutions, no loss to follow-up at the last follow-up visit before death are the protective factors for delayed-reporting.

ObjectiveTo establish an analytical method for the determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in freckle whitening cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to provide data support for the establishment of cosmetics inspection methods and technical support for the supervision of the cosmetics industry. MethodsThe analytes in samples were extracted by ultrasonic acetonitrile after methanol vortex, and then filtered by centrifugation and microporous filter membrane. Finally, the analytes were separated with a SVEA C4 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution -acetonitrile, and the gradient elution was applied, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The samples were detected by an ultra-violet detector and quantified by external standard method. ResultsResorcinol, ferulic acid, phenylethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide showed good linearity in the experimental range with r>0.999. HPLC was used to investigate the positive spiked recoveries of ferulic acid or phenylethylresorcinol with different matrices. The results showed that the recoveries were all in the range of 87.48% to 101.00%, and the relative standard deviations were all in the range of 3.4% to 4.1%. Furthermore, HPLC also examined the blank matrix spiked with the recoveries ranged from 93.26% to 107.66%, with the relative standard deviation of 0.90% to 2.90%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.000 8% to 0.002%. Among the30 batches of standard freckle whitening cosmetics determined, 6 batches of which were detected with phenethylresorcinol and 1 batch with ferulic acid. ConclusionHPLC is a method with rapidity, simplicity, and high sensitivity, which is suitable for the simultaneous determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in commercially available cosmetics.

Self-organized blastoids from extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells possess enormous potential for investigating postimplantation embryo development and related diseases. However, the limited ability of postimplantation development of EPS-blastoids hinders its further application. In this study, single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that the "trophectoderm (TE)-like structure" of EPS-blastoids was primarily composed of primitive endoderm (PrE)-related cells instead of TE-related cells. We further identified PrE-like cells in EPS cell culture that contribute to the blastoid formation with TE-like structure. Inhibition of PrE cell differentiation by inhibiting MEK signaling or knockout of Gata6 in EPS cells markedly suppressed EPS-blastoid formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that blastocyst-like structures reconstituted by combining the EPS-derived bilineage embryo-like structure (BLES) with either tetraploid embryos or tetraploid TE cells could implant normally and develop into live fetuses. In summary, our study reveals that TE improvement is critical for constructing a functional embryo using stem cells in vitro.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Tetraploidy ; Blastocyst ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Development