The author designed and practiced group PK teaching model in Pharmaceutical Botany combined with the ideas of educational skill training program in Peking university aiming at promoting students' learning initiative and enthusiasm as well as collective and teamwork sense.The paper discussed the concept of group PK teaching,requirements for teaching design and problems which should be noted in practice from the aspects of introduction,design and practice of the method as well as teaching effect evaluation and teaching method reflection.Survey questionnaire was used to evaluate the preliminary teaching effect of the new teaching method and to explore its teaching thought and educational idea.In practice,group PK teaching model improved students' self-learning awareness and ability,communication skills,collective and teamwork sense.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of manually controlled jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ apparatus (VBM Co, Germany) for removal of airway foreign body in children. Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 10 months-12 yr, weighing 8-35 kg undergoing removal of airway foreign body were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=40 each) : group Ⅰ spontaneous respiration (SR) ; group Ⅱ intermittentpositive pressure ventilation through the short side tube of the rigid bronchoscope (IPPV) and group Ⅲ manually controlled jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ (JV). Anesthesia was induced with methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and γ-OH 70 mg/kg in group SR (Ⅰ) and with methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg, propofol 4-5 mg/kg, fentanyl 1.5 μg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg in group IPPV and JV (Ⅱ,Ⅲ). The bronchescope insertion condition, the occurrence of hypoxia during and after operation, body movement during operation, the rate of successful removal of the foreign body, the duration of operation, anesthesia emergence time and perioperative side effects were recorded. Resulls The rate of good bronchescope insertion condition and successful removal of airway foreign body were significantly higher, the rate of hypoxia during and after operation, body movement, breath holding and restlessness were significantly lower and duration of operation and anesthesia emergence time were significantly shorter in group IPPV and JV than in group SR (P<0.05). The rate of intraoperative hypoxia was significantly lower in group JV than in group IPPV (P<0.05). Conclusion Jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ can reduce the occurrence of hypoxia during removal of airway foreign body in children and does not interfere with the operation.

Dendritic cells (DCs) is known as the most potential and professional antigen presenting cells (APC), it mainly involves in the cellular immunity and T cell dependent humoral immunity, which plays a key role in the immune response and is one of the most hot areas in immunology in recent years. DCs plays a key role in allergic rhinitis (AR) and is one of the most important mechanism of AR treating by sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). This article reviewed the mechanism of the role of DCs in AR and AR treating by SLIT.
Animals ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy

Objective To discuss the surgical management of von Hippel Lindau(VHL) syn drome.Methods The clinical data of four VHL patients who were clinically diagnosed from March1999 to October 2006 were reviewed.The first patient was a 56 year old man with the chief complaintof hypodynamia and low serum glucose as 2.37 mmol/L.CT scan showed three masses in the the leftkidney.He had a history of cerebral haemangioblastoma ten years before.The second case was a 57 year old woman with the chief complaint of lumbago in the left side.CT scan showed masses in theleft kidney,adrenal gland and panerease.The third case was a 39 year old woman with the chief com plaint of an accident mass in the left adrenal gland.She had the history of cerebellar hemangioblastoma9 years before,spinal hemangioblastoma resection 7 years before.The fourth case was a 41-year oldwoman,she was found brain tumors and cured by gamma radiation abalation.Bilateral renal masseswere found by B ultrasound one month later,CT scan showed four masses in the both kidneys,leftadrenal gland and pancreas.Results All 4 cases underwent surgical approach.The first case under went radical nephrectomy which pathological report was PEComa of kidney.The blood glucose wasnormal one week later.The second case underwent resection of the left adrenal gland,kidney,pancre atic body and tail and spleen.Pathological report was clear cell carcinoma,islet cell tumor and adrenal cyst.Three months later she was found spinal hemangioblastoma and refused treatment.The thirdcase underwent adrenalectomy in the left side and pathologieal report was adrenal pheoehromocytoma.There was not tumor reeurrenee during 2 years' follow up.The nephrectomy and adrenalectomy wasperformed for the last ease whose pathological report was clear celt carcinoma and pheochromoeytoma.Three weeks later,tumor enueleating of the right kidney was undertaken; the result was clear cellcancer.During the follow up for one year there was no relapse of tumor.Conclusions For VHL ac companied with multiple organ tumors,surgery resection is the proper approaeh when tumors of centralnervous system is large.Different approaches could be taken to deal with multiple tumors of VHL such aswatchful waiting,nephron sparing surgery.

Objectives To observe the clinical significance and application value of autologous blood transfusion in neurosurgery of primary hospital. Methods Four hundred and fourteen patients who underwent the neurosurgery operation and were subjected to intraoperative blood transfusion were selected, among whom 97 patients were subjected to autologous blood transfusion (observation group), and 317 patients were subjected to heterogenous blood transfusion (control group). The condition of intraoperative blood transfusion, changes of hemoglobin and hematocrit, blood transfusion related cost were compared between 2 groups. Results There were no statistical differences in operation time, infusion volume, rate of transfusion related complications and postoperation hemoglobin, hematocrit between observation group and control group (P>0.05). The patients in control group were infused with 189 000 ml, and the transfusion liquid volume proportion of total blood transfusion was 79.22%(189 000/238 580);13 patients in observation group were used the heterogenous blood transfusion with 5 400 ml, and the transfusion liquid volume proportion of total blood transfusion was 10.30%(5 400/52 430). Eighty-six patients (88.66%, 86/97) in observation group performed autologous blood collection and transfusion, the volume of autologous collection was 80 650 ml, and the volume of transfusion was 47 020 ml. Eleven patients in observation group did not perform autologous blood transfusion, among whom 6 patients was because of operational and mechanical reasons, and 5 patients performed collection but did not transfuse. The cost of heterogenous concentrated suspension red blood cell over 6 U was significantly higher than the cost of disposable material and injection of autologous blood:(2 287.06 ± 243.52) yuan vs. (1 595.08 ± 133.95) yuan, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The rate of heterogenous concentrated suspension red blood cell 6 U in control group was 14.83%(47/317), and the rate of over 6 U was 6.62%(21/317). Conclusions The autologous blood transfusion is safe and effective, and it is worth popularizing in neurosurgery of primary hospital. But in the process of its application, it is necessary to strengthen the user′s operating skills and ensure the quality of autologous blood transfusion.

Objective To discuss the ultrasonic features and diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of the injury of triangular fibrous cartilage complex (TFCC) of wrist joint.Methods The ultrasonic features of 32 patients with pathology confirmed unilateral TFCC injury were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative MRI and ultrasound data were complete.The difference between the two methods in diagnosis of TFCC injury were contrasted.Results The major ultrasonic features of the injure of TFCC included form swelled,structures disorganized,inhomogeneous echoes,irregular echoless in damaged place.The flow signals could be displayed from the tear opening edge of the injured TFCC by CDFI.Among 32 cases of TFCC injury,there were 26 cases (26/32,81.25％) diagnosed by ultrasound and 27 cases (27/32,84.38％) diagnosed by MRI.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of the two methods for TFCC injury (x2 =0.143,P=0.706).Conclusion High frequency ultrasound can be used to diagnose the injury of TFCC accurately,and can provide imaging evidence simply and rapidly for clinical therapy.

Recent studies demonstrate that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), pseudogenes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and so on can be used as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), binding to microRNAs (miRNAs), to regulate the expression level of their targets.This novel interplay optimizes traditional liner miRNA→RNA pattern and has become a research hotspot in the scientific community.Dysregulation of ceRNA interplay will influence the body′s normal life activities, leading to the occurrence of diseases, and even tumor formation.This article briefly introduces the key components of ceRNA crosstalk and its research progress in gastric cancer pathogenesis, so as to provide a new thought for cancer research, clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.

OBJECTIVE To collect the document about drug sensitivity in mycoplasma-infected cases in Beijing area and to instruct drug-selecting in clinic treatment. METHODS Drug sensitivity test on 263 Mycoplasma-positive non-gonococcal urethritis(NGU)(mucopurulent cervicitis,MPC)cases was conducted. RESULTS Tetracyclines and minocycline performed the highest sensitivity(94.68%),followed by josamycin(94.30%) and doxycycline(91.63%).Lomefloxacin had the lowest sensitivity(15.59%). CONCLUSIONS Tetracyclines and macrolides can be employed as the first-choice drugs in NGU(MPC)treatment.

Objective To explore the feasibility of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transfection into the joint synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats by ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction.Methods Twenty-eight normal rats were established the RA rat model,four rats were control group,twenty-four rats were categorized into four experimental groups:EGFP,ultrasound +EGFP,microbubbles + EGFP,and ultrasound + microbubbles + EGFP.The last group was irradiated with ultrasound for 10 min after the mixture consisting of 300 μl Sono Vue and 10 μg EGFP was injected into the joint cavity.The rats were sacrificed after 3 days and the joint synovial tissues were collected for EGFP observation under fluorescence microscopy and quantitative analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Comparing with control group,EGFP expression was observed in the rat joint synovial tissues from all groups.However,a strong EGFP expression was observed in the ultrasound + microbubbles +EGFP group.EGFP expression had no statistically significant difference (the P values were 0.89,0.93,and 0.82,respectively,P ＞ 0.05) in the EGFP,ultrasound + EGFP and microbubbles + EGFP groups.However,EGFP expression in the EGFP,ultrasound + EGFP,microbubbles + EGFP groups significantly differed (all P values were ＜0.01) from that in the ultrasound + microbubbles + EGFP group.Conclusions Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction can improve EGFP transfection efficiency into the joint synovial tissues of RA rats.

OBJECTIVE:To study the metabolites,distribution,metabolic type and the possible activity of harpagide which is the active component from Scrophularia ningpoensis in rats in vivo. METHODS:4 SD rats were divided into blank group (ul-tra-pure water) and administration group (harpagide reference solution),2 in each group,ig,160 mg/kg,twice a day,for 3 d. Urine and feces were collected every 12 h before administration and the first administration;sample blood 8 mL was taken after 0.5,1 h of last administration;heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach and small intestine were taken. The blood,urine,fe-ces and other tissue solutions were prepared,HPLC-MS was conducted to detect and identify the harpagide metabolites in rats in vi-vo and presume metabolic pathways,and PharmMapper software was used to predict metabolites activity. RESULTS:12 harpagide metabolites were identified in rats in vivo,the form of prototypes and metabolites were distributed in heart,liver,spleen,lung, kidney,stomach and small intestine. The metabolic type mainly included hydrolysis,dehydration,reduction,methylation,sul-fation,glucuronic acid binding,grade A coumaric acid binding,etc. The 12 compounds may have activities in the treatment of epi-lepsy,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,diabetes,stroke,etc. CONCLUSIONS:Harpagide may be effective in the form of prototypes and metabolites. The study has provided basis for attributing the origins of metabolite,studying the effective form of S. ningpoensis clarifying its pharmacological mechanism and processing mechanism.