Long non-coding RNAs are a novel class of non-protein coding RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length.Recently, mounting evidence has been demonstrated that lncRNAs play crucial roles in epigenetic modification and gene expression regulation. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of lncRNAs in the carcinogenesis, clinical diagnosis, drug resistance and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of the application of color Doppler sonography (CDS) and computer tomography angiography (CTA) in preoperative perforator identification and flap design and provide theoretical support for the restoration of oral maxillofacial defect with free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (SCIAPF). Methods: (1) Preoperative CDS and CTA techniques were performed to map the SCIA perforators of 29 adult patients diagnosed with malignant tumor in the oral maxillofacial head and neck regions. These patients were scheduled for concurrent reconstruction surgery. (2) A diagnostic test was designed to com-pare the CDS and CTA techniques. Results:(1) A total of 18 patients underwent flap preparation. SCIA was not found in one of the pa-tients during surgery, but was observed intra-operatively in the other 17 patients. The average SCIA diameter was 0.69 ± 0.20 mm. (2) The diagnostic test showed a CDS sensitivity of 75.0%, a CDS specificity of 82.4%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.79. The CTA sensitivity was 75.0%, the specificity was 94.2%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.85. The diameters measured by CDS and CTA were compared with the diameter measured intra-operatively. Significant differences were observed among the three diame-ters (P<0.05). The average diameter measured by CDS was 0.84 ± 0.14 mm. The average diameter measured by CTA was 1.01 ± 0.19 mm. Conclusion:CDS and CTA are relatively reliable technologies for preoperative detection of perforator vessel. The use of CDS and CTA technology mapping for SCIAPF can provide accurate information about the perforator, including the position of the perforator and the relationship between the peripheral tissues and the caliber of the vessel.

Recent studies demonstrate that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), pseudogenes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) and so on can be used as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), binding to microRNAs (miRNAs), to regulate the expression level of their targets.This novel interplay optimizes traditional liner miRNA→RNA pattern and has become a research hotspot in the scientific community.Dysregulation of ceRNA interplay will influence the body′s normal life activities, leading to the occurrence of diseases, and even tumor formation.This article briefly introduces the key components of ceRNA crosstalk and its research progress in gastric cancer pathogenesis, so as to provide a new thought for cancer research, clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.

The blood concentrations of the pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are usually very low. How can they exert pharmacological actions, in which forms (original form, metabolite or the both) do they exert the actions. To answer these questions, we proposed a new concept ofEffective Formsof pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs and a hypothesis of additive effect of multiple constituents of TCMs. The hypothesis includes that the aggregate or summation of Effective Forms of pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs is the core material base of the effi-cacy of TCMs, and the additive effect of the blood concentrations of different Effective Forms is one part of the action mechanism. The additive effect of the different Effective Forms of a TCMs means an additive effect of numerous con-stituents or/and metabolites on a same target, and therefore the efficacy brought by the addition of the concentrations of all these compounds, which different from the synergy effect of multi-constituents on multi-targets. Studies on the disposition of TCMs showed that a constituent can be biotransformed to many metabolites (up to more than 50 metabolites);different constituents can produce the same metabolites;many metabolites (up to 10 compounds for each metabolite) are isomers or homologues; some constituents can be converted to each other in vivo; and some metabolites are bioactive. These com-pounds having the similar structure are likely to have the same pharmacological effects on the same target, which could provide experimental evidences for the concept ofEffective Formsand the hypothesis ofAdditive Effect. We suggest that the Effective Forms and Additive Effects of the pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs should be extensively investi-gated in the future, and the results of such researches will help us further understand the pharmacodynamic substances and action mechanism of TCMs, and give a new explanation 'Toxicities Scattering Effect' for 'Why the toxicities of TCMs are low', and propose a new strategy for quality control of TCMs.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,treatment methods,and prognostic factors for early primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data,treatment outcomes,and survival of 32 patients with early pulmonary MALT lymphoma from March 2001 to September 2013.The median age of those patients was 56 years.Twenty-three patients had stage ⅠE disease and nine had stage Ⅱ E disease.According to the marginal zone B-cell lymphoma prognostic index (MZLPI),twenty-three patients were scored as 0 and nine as 1.Nine patients received radiotherapy,eight patients underwent surgery alone,three patients underwent surgery plus chemotherapy,and twelve patients received chemotherapy alone.The Kaplan-Meier method was adapted for calculating the OS,PFS and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.Results The 5-year sample size was 22.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84.5％ and 73.2％,respectively.Radiotherapy yielded an overall response rate of 100％,including a complete response rate of 66.7％ and a partial response rate of 33.3％.The univariate analysis showed that non-radiotherapy treatment was a prognostic factor for poor PFS.The patients treated with radiotherapy had significantly higher 5-year PFS rates than those treated without radiotherapy (100％ vs.63.0％,P=0.029),while there was no significant difference in 5-year OS rate between these two groups (100％ vs.78.8％,P=0.129).Age older than 60 years,an ECOG score of 2,and an MZLPI score of 1 were prognostic factors for poor PFS (P=0.041,0.018,and 0.044) and OS (P=0.001,0.001,and 0.003).Conclusions The prognostic factors for early pulmonary MALT lymphoma include age,ECOG score,and MZLPI score.Low-dose involved-field radiotherapy (24-30 Gy) can improve local control and survival.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of pheretima,and compare the differences of the main ingredient contents of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima and the chromatogram differences among pheretima and 3 other animal drugs. METHODS:Pheretima HPLC characteristic chromatogram method was adopted to determine the characteris-tic chromatograms of 16 Guangdong pheretima,8 Shanghai pheretima,3 eupolyphaga,3 hirudo and 3 catharsius. Similarity evalua-tion and t test were used to analyze the differences of chromatogram data of 5 animal drugs. RESULTS:The established HPLC char-acteristic chromatogram method firstly identified 11 common characteristic peaks,including 6 nucleosides,4 nucleobase and 1 ami-no acid;and it could be used for the identification of pheretima from eupolyphaga,hirudo and catharsius;the differences of main ingredient contents in the characteristic chromatogram of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima were firstly studied. The contents of xanthine and adenosine in Guangdong pheretima were higher than Shanghai pheretima,while the contents of uridine, guanosine and 2′-deoxy guanosine in Shanghai pheretima were higher than Guangdong pheretima. A new index S,calculated by these 5 constituents,was successfully applied to distinguish the 2 kinds of pheretima. CONCLUSIONS:The characteristic chro-matogram can be used for the identification of pheretima,and can provide reference for the pharmacodynamic differences study of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of simultaneous determination of inulicin and deacetylinulicin in Inulae Flos. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Zorbax SB-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 25 ℃,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.000 2-0.005 μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for inulicin and 0.000 1-0.001 7 μg/ml(r=0.999 4)for deacetylinulicin;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 99.63%-103.56%(RSD=1.26%,n=9)and 95.98%-101.21%(RSD=1.84%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the quality evaluation of Inulae Flos.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the scheme of target volume delineation with extended involved?field intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with early?stage nasal NK/ T?cell lymphoma (NC?NKTL). Methods Twenty?one patients with stage IE?IIE NC?NKTL were treated with short?course chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy from 2011 to 2013. The majority of patients received the GELOX regimen. All patients received extended involved?field IMRT with a dose of 54?? 6 Gy in 26 fractions for gross tumor volume, 50?? 7 Gy in 26 fractions for high?risk clinical target volume (CTV), and 45?? 5 Gy in 26 fractions for low?risk CTV. The dose distribution, short?term treatment outcomes, and adverse reactions were analyzed. Results The 2?year sample size was 12. The 2?year follow?up rate was 100%. The 2?year local control rate ( LRC) was 100%. The 2?year overall and progression?free survival rates were 90?? 5% and 90?? 5%, respectively. The median coverage rates of planning target volumes with 90% of the prescribed doses of 54?? 6 Gy, 50?? 7 Gy, and 45?? 5 Gy were 99?? 8%, 99?? 6%, and 99?? 7%, respectively. No grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were observed in patients. Conclusions The scheme of target volume delineation and dose configuration in our study not only achieves excellent target volume coverage, but also reduces adverse reactions in patients, which achieves a 2?year LRC ideal for patients with early?stage NC?NKTL.

Objective To compare the application of CDU and CTA in preoperative planning of lower extremity perforator flaps.Methods From February, 2013 to December, 2014, 40 patients who underwent reconstruction with perforator flaps harvested from lower extremities were treated.The position, caliber and route of the perforator vessels were detected by CDU and CTA pre-operatively.The results of the pre-operative navigation with both imaging techniques assisted the selection of the perforators and the flap design and were verified during the operation.Results CDU had a higher accuracy in terms of identification (95.0％ vs.90.0％) and location (95.0％ vs.82.5％) of the perforators in the lower extremity.There was no significant difference between the two methods in examination and image analysis time.All the flaps survived, besides 1 flap presented with a 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm distal necrosis which healed after regular dressing change.For 35 cases, the donor sites were closed directly while partial skin grafting were performed in 5 case.Conclusion Pre-operative imaging techniques are capable of offering valuable anatomical information of perforator vessels, which can make flap design more convenient, reduce donor site morbidity and improve the surgical results.The authors recommend CDU for pre-operative planning when harvesting perforator flaps from the lower extremity.

Objective To construct and screen siRNA targeting a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) gene in a mouse colorectal cancer celline, CT-26. To investigate the effects to the cell growth and migrant capacity of CT-26 after knockdown APRIL gene, lay the foundation for molecular targeted therapy to colorectal cancer. Methods Four pairs of APRIL siRNA were designed and chemically synthesized. And disorder sequences were synthesized as a negative control. These sequences were transfected with LipofectAMINE 2000 into CT-26 cells, which high-expressed APRIL gene. The transfection efficency rate of 6-FAM labelled control siRNA was detected by fluorescence microscope. The inhibition effectiveness of APRIL mRNA and protein was analyzed by FQ-RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation activity was analyzed by cell counting kit-8, cell migration capacity was detected by the repair of cell damage, and MMP-2 together with TIMP-1, two important regulatory genes in cell metastasis, were measured by RT-PCR.Results The different kinds of APRIL siRNA effectively suppressed the level of APRIL mRNA and the protein expression in CT-26 (P ＜ 0.05 ). Cell proliferation and metastasis ability were repressed after APRIL siRNA transfection( P ＜ 0.05 ), compared with random siRNA control and nontransfected control. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 genes wre significantly altered among APRIL siRNA groups and two control groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion We have constructed and screened a kind of siRNA (APsi737) targeting APRIL gene in a mouse colorectal cancer cell line, CT-26. APRIL siRNA can effectively inhibit the cell growth and migration capacity, maybe be regulated by MMP-2 and TIMP-1.