With the development of image technology,functional imaging was gradually applied to contouring the gross target volume,which generated the concept of biological target volume and biological intensity-modulated radiation therapy.In this review,we introduced our work and the current status of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging,amino acids imaging,nucleic acid imaging,hypoxic imaging,gene imaging and molecular imaging.The future of functional imaging and it application in biological intensity-modulated radiation therapy were discussed in prospect.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of manually controlled jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ apparatus (VBM Co, Germany) for removal of airway foreign body in children. Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children aged 10 months-12 yr, weighing 8-35 kg undergoing removal of airway foreign body were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=40 each) : group Ⅰ spontaneous respiration (SR) ; group Ⅱ intermittentpositive pressure ventilation through the short side tube of the rigid bronchoscope (IPPV) and group Ⅲ manually controlled jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ (JV). Anesthesia was induced with methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and γ-OH 70 mg/kg in group SR (Ⅰ) and with methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg, propofol 4-5 mg/kg, fentanyl 1.5 μg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg in group IPPV and JV (Ⅱ,Ⅲ). The bronchescope insertion condition, the occurrence of hypoxia during and after operation, body movement during operation, the rate of successful removal of the foreign body, the duration of operation, anesthesia emergence time and perioperative side effects were recorded. Resulls The rate of good bronchescope insertion condition and successful removal of airway foreign body were significantly higher, the rate of hypoxia during and after operation, body movement, breath holding and restlessness were significantly lower and duration of operation and anesthesia emergence time were significantly shorter in group IPPV and JV than in group SR (P<0.05). The rate of intraoperative hypoxia was significantly lower in group JV than in group IPPV (P<0.05). Conclusion Jet ventilation with Manujet Ⅲ can reduce the occurrence of hypoxia during removal of airway foreign body in children and does not interfere with the operation.

Objective To study the effect of different family nursing methods on major catheter-re-lated complications in cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) during chemother-apy intermission so as to reduce the incidence of complications and prolong the indwelling time and service life of the catheter. Methods We randomly divided 213 cancer patients who were discharged from hos-pital with PICC into two groups. One group(108 cases) routinely came back to our outpatient clinic and the other (105 cases) went to the community for nursing of the catheter. Results The total incidence rate of complications of the group who came back to our outpatient clinic for nursing of the catheter was 13.8%(15/ 108) and the other group was 51.4%(54/105). There existed statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusions There exists correlation between different family nursing methods and catheter complication rate. We suggest patients come back to our outpatient clinic for nursing of the catheter as pos-sible as they can.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect and safety of conservative treatment for treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy by cochrane evaluation systems.DATA SOURCE:CBM(from January 1978 to October 2008),CNKI(from January 1978 to October 2008)and VIP(from January 1989 to October 2008)databases were retrieved by computer and partial documents were searched by hands.DATA SELECTION:Randomized controlled trial was adopted in course of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for cervicel spondylotic radiculopathy and its quailty was assessed.Dafa source was randomized and semi-randomized controlled.Some evaluations such as random method-selection bias,allocation concealment-selection bias,blind method-performance bias and measurement bias,exclusion.lose to follow-up,withdraw-attrition bias were chosen.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Abdominal acupuncture needles were superior to the conventional method's efficiency.②Electro-acupuncture plus cupping with barbed floc were superior to the conventional method's efficiency.③Abdominal acupuncture were superior to traction's efficiency.④Cervical traction,electro-acupuncture combined with point injection and massage were superior to traction's efficiency.⑤Traction,electro-acupuncture,massage,TDP-guided were superior to traction,physiotherapy,TDP combined with exercise therepy's efficiency.⑥Vinegar iontophoresis and electro-acupuncture were superior to simple electro-acupuncture's efficiency.⑦Long's approach acupuncture was superior to simple acupuncture's efficiency.⑧Adverse reaction.RESULTS:A total of 1416 subjects were selected from 7 randomized controlled trials.All the studies have selection bias,measurement bias,loss of the high probability of bias,the quality and grade of"C"grade.And only one study proved that the efficiency of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Study 1 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested that acupuncture treatment of abdominal cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was efficient than conventional acupuncture.Study 2 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested that electro-acupuncture plus cupping therapy with barbed floc was efficient than conventional acupuncture to cure cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.Study 3 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested that acupuncture treatment of abdominal cervical spondylotic rediculopathy was efficient than traction.Study 4 showed that the cervical traction,electro-acupuncture combined with acupoint-injection treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was efficient than traction combined massage therapy.Study 5 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested that traction,electro-acupuncture,massage,TDP-guided therapy was efficient than traction,physical therapy,TDP combined with exercise therapy.Study 6 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested thatelectro-acupuncture combined with vinegar iontophoresis treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was better than the simple electro-acupuncture therapy.Study 7 showed that there was insufficient evidence suggested that the acupuncture therapy using Long's approach was better than simple acupuncture.No adveme reactions appeared to terminate the test in 7 studies.CONCLUSlON:The above seven studies mainly present with low quality,absence of a unified curative method,small samples,difference of follow-up time,iudgment standard and measurement standard.So more samples,multicenter and more regular randomized controlled trial should be performed.

Purpose　The aim is to investigate the hemostatic and protective effect of fibrin sealant(FS) on liver trauma in rats.Methods　On the surface of cracked wound(type Ⅰ) and resected wound(type Ⅱ)，spraying of FS or thrombin or direct suturation, was used receptively. Natural hemostasis was used as control.During postoperation the hemostatic time and the state of wound healing on 1st, 4th, 7th,14th, 50th day were observed.Results　Compared with the natural hemostasis,the hemostatical time of the FS group was shorter 86.0%(P＜0.01)in liver trauma type Ⅰ and 79.0%(P＜0.01)in liver trauma type Ⅱ.Compared with the thrombin group,the hemostatical time of the FS group was shorten 45.0%(P＜0.01)in liver trauma type Ⅰ and 84.0%(P＜0.05) in liver trauma type Ⅱ.The wound surface of FS group was healed faster than that of other groups.Conclusion　FS was an effective hemostatic and healing-promoter on liver trauma of rats.

Objective To explore the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the virological and pathological changes of newborn mouse liver congenitally infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Methods Sixty healthy pure line clean level BALB/c mice which were about 10 weeks old (half were female) were divided into five groups (six pairs in each group).The mice in LMWH intervention group and positive control group were intraperitoneally inoculated with 6.0 lg tissue culture infective dose50 (TCID50) of HCMV AD169; those in blank control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM) ; then all the mice were paired to mate.The pregnant mice in LMWH intervention group Ⅰ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days; those in group Ⅱ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days and their newborn mice were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 5 days; those in group Ⅲ were subcutaneously injected with LMWH 1000 U/kg daily for 10 days in their newborn mice.All these newborn mice were sacrificed at day 10 of birth.The liver was removed for virus isolation,dry-wet weight determination,pathology examination and quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection.The comparison among groups was done by analysis of variance.Results HCMV was isolated from the supernatant of liver tissue homogenate in 10-day positive control newborn mice,while HCMV was isolated in 24-day newborn mice of the other three groups of LMWH intervention.Pathology confirmed that positive control liver tissue had inflammatory changed,liver cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,vacuoles degeneration,specific HCMV inclusion body in nuclear,and portion of liver cell necrosis,while liver pathological results of LMWH intervention group showed mild liver cell inflammatory changes and slight cell inflammatory swelling degeneration,which were similar to the blank control group.The moisture of liver tissue contents in LMWH intervention group decreased more obviously than positive control group.The HCMV DNA loads in 50 mg liver tissues of LMWH intervention groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ were (3.26±0.43),(3.26±0.41) and (3.32±0.51) lg copy,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of positive control group [(7.38 ± 0.53) lg copy; F =314.620,P0.01],while there were no significant differences among LMWH intervention groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion LMWH intrauterine and postnatal interventions can significantly reduce HCMV DNA replication in hepatocytes,and relieve inflammatory changes in liver tissue.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Yinlingquan (SP9) on muscle repair in the gastrocnemius muscle damaged rats and its possible mechanism. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=10), model group (n=10) and electroacupuncture group (n=10). The latter 2 groups were modeled with gastrocnemius muscle crush injury. The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Yinlingquan for 14 days. Their gastrocnemius was observed with HE staining, and the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in gastroc-nemius tissues and the serum were determined with immunochemical assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the model group, there was less damage in the electroacupuncture group, with more expression of bFGF and IGF-1 in tis-sues (P<0.01) and serum (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture can promote muscle repair after gastrocnemius muscle damage in rats, which may be related to the increase of the bFGF and IGF-1 expression in gastrocnemius tissue and serum.

The decline in lumbar function is the main reason of lumbago repeated attacks. Although the treatment of low back pain included surgery, drugs and other non-medical treatments, foreign system evaluation has confirmed that functional exercise was better than the conventional treatment for patients with chronic low back pain. This article introduced the mechanism and methods of functional exercise.

Objective To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) at “Weizhong” (BL40) on expressions of Fas and FasL in rat models with lumbar disc degeneration; To discuss its mechanism of action.MethodsThirty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operationgroup, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. The sham-operation group was treated with sham operation to incide local skin; the model and EA groups established rat model of lumbar disc degeneration by puncturing the annulus fibrosus. Four weeks after modeling, rats in the sham-operation and model groups received fixed treatment under identical condition, and rats in the EA group were treated with EA at “Weizhong” (BL40) in 20 minutes, once a day, for 4 weeks. After treatment, Western blot and RT-PCR technology were used to test the protein and mRNA expression levels of Fas and FasL.ResultsThe expressions of Fas and FasL in the model group were higher than those in the sham-operation group (P<0.05); protein and mRNA expression levels of Fas and FasL in the EA group were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). ConclusionEA at “Weizhong” (BL40) can reduce the expressions of Fas and FasL to inhibit the development of lumbar disc degeneration.