Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic therapy on nosocomial infection in patients with severe viral hepatitis,and inquire into its applied mechanism.Methods 159 cases of severe viral hepatitis were divided into groups according to clinical stage and the applied circumstance of antibiotic medicine;Group A:receiving no prophylactic antibiotics therapy,Group B intravenous injection of the third generation cephalosporins and Group C intravenous injection of the semisymthetic penicillins.All cases had no infection on admission and received no antibiotics for 7 days before entering hospital and had stayed in hospital over 72 hours.Results Nosocomial infection occurred in 76 patients among the 159 selected cases.The incidence of nosocomial infection of Group A,Group B and Group C was 56.16%(41/73),34.0%(17/50) and 50.0% (18/36),respectively.The occurring time of nosocomial infection of Group B in early,middle and late stage patients with severe viral hepatitis was significantly later than Group A.The incidence of nosocomial infection in middle and later stage patients was significantly lower,and the mortality was significantly decreased in middle stage patients.There was significantly difference between group A and B(P0.05).Conclusion Prophylactic usage of antibiotics of third generation cephalosporins can not only delay nosocomial infection but also decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection in middle and late stage patients and mortality in middle stage patients with severe viral hepatitis.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of liver tissue pathology and immunohistochemistry in HBeAg negative hepatitis B virus infection and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Liv-er biopsy was carried out on the 63 HBeAg negative HBV infections,then liver tissue inflammation,fibrosis and immu-nohistochemistry were detected.Results In HBeAg negative and HBV DNA negative patients,both the male and female,ALT normal and mildly abnormal group had no significant difference in liver inflammation and fibrosis(all P >0.05).Among the patients with fibrosis stage ≥S2,the ratio(30 /41,73.2%)of patients above 30 years old was higher than that below 30 years old (6 /14,46.2%)(P =0.041).There were no differences in liver tissue inflamma-tion(5 /34,14.7% vs.9 /29,31.0%)and fibrosis (8 /34,23.5% vs.8 /29,27.6%)between HBV DNA negative group and HBV DNA positive patients(all P >0.05).Only 2 cases of HBcAg positive in those 63 cases of liver tissue immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The liver tissues of HBeAg negative HBV DNA negative or positive patients have obvious liver inflammation and fibrosis,and the necessary treatment measures should be taken.HBcAg positive is extremely low in those liver tissue immunohistochemistry,which lead to the pathogenesis of liver inflammation needs further research.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of novel protein kinase C ε (PKCε) in normal prostate (NP) tissue, benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH), peficancerous (PC) tissue and prostate cancer (Pca), and study its correlation with the grade and stage of Pca.MethodsTen NP slides, ten BPH slides, ten PC slides and 43 Pca slides were collected from our hospital. These slides were routinely proceased and analyzed according to the requirement of immunohistochemical staining. Tumors were classified according to the 2002 TNM staging system. The grading system used in the study was based on the Gleason grade.ResultsWe was found that the expression of PKCεs in Pca (27/43) were significantly higher than those in NP(1/10), BPH (0/10) and PC (2/10) tissue, and the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜0.05 ). With regard to grade of prostate cancer, the expression of PKCε in Pca with Gleason score ≥8 group (12/13) was higher than the Gleason score 2 -4 group (4/10) and the Gleason score 5 -7 group (11/20). The difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ). Moreover, the T3 and T4 stages had a more positive rate (10/12 & 9/10) than the T1 and T2 stages( 1/6 &7/15). There is statistically significant difference between early and advanced stage of prostate cancer ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Furthermore, the positive expression of PKCε in prostatic carcinoma samples increased significantly in the metastasis group (9/10)compared to the non-metastasis group ( 18/33 ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), but the difference was not statistically significant between the concentration of prostate-specific antigen in blood serum ( P ＞ 0. 05 ).Conclusions PKCε is expressed in prostate cancer, and it correlates with the grade and stage of prostate cancer. PKCε may be related to the origin and the development of Pca, and it may be used as a prognostic factor for Pca.

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load and their correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC).

METHODSForty-six patients with mild to moderate CHB (CHB-LM), 24 patients with severe CHB (CHB-S), and 28 patients with HBV-LC at admission, and 51 patients with HBV-LC at 4.08 ± 3.06 months during antiviral treatment were tested for serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.

RESULTSThe serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load gradually decreased with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=12.537 and 8.381, respectively, P<0.05). HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load were significantly higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05), but comparable between CHB-LM and CHB-S groups (Z=-0.649 and 0.032, respectively, P>0.05). Among HBeAg-positive patients, HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load tended to decrease with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=6.146, P=0.046 and χ(2)=1.017, P>0.05; respectively), and CHB-LM group had significantly higher HBsAg titer than HBV-LC group (Z=-2.247, P=0.025). Among the HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBsAg and HBV DNA load gradually declined with the disease severity (χ(2)=8.660 and 13.581, respectively, P<0.05), and were obviously higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in CHB-LM (r=0.389, P=0.009) and HBV-LC groups (r=0.431, P=0.022), but not in CHB-S group (r=0.348, P=0.104). After antiviral therapy, the serum HBsAg titer was slightly decreased (Z=-1.050, P=0.294) while HBV DNA load markedly reduced (Z=-5.415, P<0.001), showing no correlation between them (r=0.241, P=0.111) or between the measurements before and after treatment (r=0.257, P=0.085).

CONCLUSIONSerum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load decreases progressively from CHB-LM to CHB-S and HBV-LC in both HBeAg- positive and -negative patients. The serum HBsAg titer is positively correlated with HBV DNA load, but their levels are not consistently parallel.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; virology ; Viral Load