Objective To investigate the awareness of osteoporosis and its influential factors in middle-aged and older people. Methods By using self-designed questionnaire, 354 middle-aged and old people were investigated as to their awarness of osteoporosis in Chajiao street community in Guangzhou. Among them, 58 people were measured the bone density in the calcaneal bone by Ultrasound. Results The average score of the questionnaire was 9.46 ± 5.13, and the accuracy was 39.4%. In the diagnosis and treatment, the accuracy was just 17.8%. The diet (the accuracy in 54%) and sport (the accuracy in 50.3%) were good. The statistical analyses showed the linear relationship between the T value of bone density and the age (P = 0.021), between the T value and the score (P = 0.047). Wilcoxon rank sum test found that the T value between female and male was significantly different (Z = -3.749, P < 0.000). With multiple linear regression analysis, the T value had a linear correlation with the score (F = 4.224, P = 0.045) positively. Conclusions Currently, the awareness of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and old people was inadequate. To better prevent osteoporosis, the propogation of knowledge and guidance provided by clinicians in osteoporosis should be improved necessarily and emergently.

Objective To evaluate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and depression risk.Methods Available studies containing genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T were chosen,and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95％ confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association.Results Twenty-five eligible studies including 4 048 cases and 12 827 controls were identified.Meta-analysis showed a significant effect in the co-dominant model (T vs.C:OR 0 =1.25; Z=3.82,P=0.000;TTvs.CC:OR1=1.55,Z=3.79,P=0.000 ; except CT vs.CC:OR2=1.13; Z=1.78,P=0.076).Stratified analysis denoted that there was significantly higher risk in depression onset before 60 years old than depression onset after 60 years old.In subgroup analysis stratified by regressive meta-analysis,MTHFR C677T variant was statistically significantly relevant to depression risk in Chinese populations (OR 0 =1.58,Z=3.95,P=0.000; OR 1 =2.55,Z=3.92,P=0.000; OR 2 =1.43,Z=2.72,P=0.007),but not in no-Chinese populations (OR 0 =1.12,Z=2.10,P=0.035 ; OR 1 =1.23,Z=2.23,P=0.025 ; OR 2 =1.06,Z=0.74,P=0.456).Evidentiary strength rated by GRADE showed that 1 study moderate,3 studies low and 7 stdudies very low.Conclusion Our study provides evidence for a hereditary association between the MTHFR C677T variant and depression susceptibility,whereas there is an obvious variety in different regions,ethnicities and onset age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone versus traditional agents in treating Tourette's syndrome. METHODS: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of risperidone versus traditional agents for Tourette's syndrome were identified, and eligible studies were included according to our established strategy. Besides methodological quality of inclusive trials, assessed by the Jadad scale, heterogeneity test, Meta-analysis, funnel plot analysis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs were included, with most trials of low methodological quality and high heterogeneity. Meta-analysis from 11 of the identified RCTs, involving total 741 patients, showed that there was no significant difference in efficacy between risperidone and traditional agents, based on the results of sensitivity analysis, and analyses of a haloperidol subgroup and a domesticforeign subgroup. The funnel plots was approximately symmetrical, indicating little publication bias. Risperidone presented mild side effects overall, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), autonomic nervous system symptoms, toxic reactions and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) score of the treatment group were significantly less than those of control. CONCLUSION Risperidone appears to have the same efficacy and appropriate safety as traditional agents in treating Tourette's syndrome. Because of the low validity of the results, we are searching for support from the more RCTs with higher methodological quality.
Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risperidone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Tourette Syndrome ; drug therapy

It has been proposed by Basic Questions On Proper Therapies for Different Diseases Geographically （《素问·异法方宜论篇》） that "wei （痿） diseases should be treated by Daoyin （导引）". Furthermore， it is clarified that the indications of Daoyin are those conditions related to spleen and dampness caused by dampness pathogen， excessive food intake and less exercise， and mainly manifested as heavy limbs， fatigue and flaccidity， which is similar to the metabolic imbalance in the early stage of glucose or lipid metabolism disorder in modern medicine. Based on modern clinical and basic research evidence， Daoyin can inhibit the response of inflammation， alleviate oxidative stress， regulate intestinal microbiota， and modulate gene expression to improve metabolic abnormalities， and this will provide ideas for researches on the indications of Daoyin.

The grading of evidence is an important factor in clinical decision-making. The current evidence grading system based on western medicine is limited in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， therefore we propose the solutions to the development of grading system for TCM interventional evidence， following the international evidence grading standards， taking into considerations of the unique characteristics of TCM practice， based on the Grades of recommendation， assessment， development and evaluation （GARDE） evaluation system， and integrating with grading system regarding TCM classical literature and empirical evidence from modern famous doctors. The evidence from classical literature is suggested to be evaluated from three aspects including source of ancient medical records， comprehensive of treatment details， and the inheritance. The qualification of famous doctors， content integrity， and inheritance of experiences will be used to evaluate the evidence from famous doctors' experience. The multi-sourced evidence such as TCM classical literature， experience of modern famous doctors， and modern researches is mainly integrated in a qualitative way， and the overall level of evidence of TCM interventions will be graded consistently with the GRADE system based on modern research. The evidence from classical literature and modern famous doctors' experience will be assessed and considered as supplementary evidence， which will make the evaluation of clinical evidence more objectively and comprehensively， thereby guiding clinical practice further.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and development needs of evidence-based medicine （EBM） capability in ethnic minority medicine， and explore effective strategies to enhance EBM capability in this field. MethodsThe questionnaire survey was conducted in various ethnic minority medical institutions and research organisations. The questionnaire covered three dimensions， firstly， perceptions and attitudes towards evidence-based medicine； secondly， advantages and challenges in the development of ethnic minority medicine； thirdly， demands and recommendations for enhancing evidence-based medicine capability in ethnic minority medicine. ResultsA total of 501 valid questionnaires were collected， of which 103 questionnaires were collected by re-sending to minority medicine regions with insufficient participation. The questionnaires included 354 responses （70.66%） from practitioners of minority medicine， including Tibetan medicine， Mongolian medicine， Uyghur medicine， Zhuang medicine， and Korean medicine. Among the 501 questionnaires， 146 respondents （29.14%） indicated that they knew about EBM， 355 respondents （70.86%） had either a "general understanding" or had "not heard about" EBM before， and 469 respondents （93.61%） believed that introducing ECM could promote the development of ethnic minority medicine. The primary challenge in promoting EBM in the field of ethnic minority medicine is the lack of professionals in EBM and a lack of understanding of how to apply it into clinical practice （442 respondents， 88.22%）. In the 9-point importance rating for enhancing evidence-based abilities， high scores were achieved in standardization of clinical practice guidelines （7.50±1.90） and methods for sample sizes in clinical research （7.45±1.90）. Regarding the demand for improving clinical research literacy， expert academic lectures， and experience sharing （404 respondents， 80.64%） and evidence-based methodology monographs on ethnic minority medicine （401 respondents， 80.04%） were emphasized. ConclusionsPractitioners in ethnic minority medicine hold a positive attitude towards integrating EBM. However， there remains substantial room for the education and dissemination of EBM. Enhancing evidence-based capabilities can be achieved through specific measures such as cultivating or recruiting talents in EBM， establishing evidence-based support platforms for clinical research， organizing regular academic lectures and exchanges， and strengthening the construction of theoretical frameworks and evaluation systems tailored to ethnic minority medicine， thereby following a path of evidence-based practices aligned with the unique characteristics of ethnic minority medicine.