Objective To study the different periods of childhood bronchial asthma induced sputum of the percentage change of inflammatory cells,and to explore part of the pathogenesis of asthma in children.Methods 69 children with asthma(the age ≥5 years old) were selected.By clinical symptoms,they were divided into acute exacerbation and clinical remission of 3 months and 6 months.At the same time,in the same groups of hospital pediatric clinic,22 healthy children were chosen as control group.The percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in induced sputum was detected.Through the comparison,we can explore the correlation between the two kinds of inflammatory cells in different periods of asthma.Results Comparing the percentage of neutrophils among the four groups,acute exacerbation group was compared with clinical remission three months group,clinical remission six months group and the normal control group,acute exacerbation group was higher than the clinical remission group of three months,clinical remission of six months and normal control group [(57.905 ± 11.615)％ vs (40.137 ± 11.668)％,(33.825 ± 12.457) ％,(23.836 ± 13.585) ％,P =0.039,0.000,0.000].The clinical remission of three months and clinical remission six months group were higher than the normal control group(P =0.000,0.032).The clinical remission of three months group and 6 months group had no significant difference (P =0.538).The percentage of eosinophils in acute exacerbation group was higher than the clinical remission of three months group,clinical remission of six months and normal control group [(4.090 ± 1.452) ％ vs (2.685 ± 1.190) ％,(2.151 ± 1.417) ％,(1.848 t 0.887) ％,P =0.002,0.000,0.000].The clinical remission of three months group and the normal control group had no significant difference (P =0.937).Conclusion Asthma in children induced sputum neutrophil percentage and eosinophil percentage are significantly higher in acute exacerbation.The study shows that neutrophils and eosinophils are involved in the part of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasm level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and children Anaphylactoid purpura(AP).Methods The concentrations of VEGF in serum were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay in twenty four children with AP,twenty four children with APN in acute phase and twenty four healthy children.Results The concentrations of VEGF in patients with APN in acute phase,AP and normal control was (244.56±51.12)μg/L,(155.71±50.48)μg/L and (54.91±40.07)μg/L,respectively.Plasma levels of VEGF in children with APN and AP were significantly higher than those in normal control,statistically significant difference was observed (F=95.789,P=0.000＜0.01).Conclusion The concentrations of VEGF in serum increases markedly in acute phase of AP,those in APN is higher than in AP.It indicated that VEGF involved in the occurrence and development of AP vaseulitis,and may reflect the extent of pathogenetic condition.

Transcription factors T-bet/GATA3 are one of the most fascinating areas of immunology today.Rencently,information has been accumulated to clarity T-bet/GATA3 roles in etiology and progression of certain diseases.This review focuses on the relationship between T-bet/GATA3 and diseases.

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are heterogeneous autoimmune antibodies, which target at a group of antigens expressed in endothelial cells. In 1971, AECA was reported by Lindquist and Osterland for the first time. Since then, an increasing number of researches have showed that AECA exists and plays potential pathogenic role in the immune or inlfammation-related diseases, especially in systemic vasculitis. AECA may be a useful sera marker for the diagnosis and prognosis judgment of related autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the relationship between AECA and systemic vasculitis.

Objective To explore the changes of IL-17 and neutrophils,eosinophils percentage in the induced phlegm from the children with different severity bronchial asthma.Methods Forty children with acute asthma were divided into two groups according to the severity of asthma:medium or severe group(n =16) and light group( n =24 ).Twenty normal children were chosen in the same stage as control group.The IL-17 content and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils were compared.Results The contents of IL-17 in the medium or severe group,light group and control group were(1.096 ±0.664) ng/L,(0.474 ±0.240) ng/L and(0.227 ±0.360 ) ng/L respectively.The percentage of neutrophils were ( 55.359 ± 12.486 ) ％,( 44.476 ± 17.708 ) ％ and ( 36.493 ± 12.470 ) ％ respectively.The percentage of eosinophils were ( 1.252 ± 2.025 ) ％,(4.107 ± 3.234) ％and (1.409 ± 3.480) ％ respectively.There were significant differences in three groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was significant positive correlation between IL-17 content and percentage of neutrophils in the medium or severe group( r =0.740,P =0.049 ).There was negative correlation in the light group ( r =- 0.764,P =0.000 ).Conclusion There was different among IL-17 content and percentage of neutrophils,eosinophils in children of different groups.The study showed that IL-17 was involved in the potential pathogenesis of asthma.

ObjectiveTo explore the association between HLA -A gene and anaphylactoid purpura(AP) in children of Mongolia in Inner Mongolia. To find correlated genes and study part of pathogenesis and the method of prevention and cure of AP. MethodsThe method of case control was adopted and selected 56 children with AP as case group and 66 health children as control group in Mongolia,who had resided in Inner Mongolia three generations without consanguinity, history of mixed, marriages, other medical history , and family history of immunity,led into polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide probes technique, analyzed the type of HLA-A gene. The compare of gene frenquency made with logistic regression after χ2 or Fisher test. ResultsThe gene frenquency of HLA- A * 11 ( 16. 1% ) allele in case group compared to that of control group( 9. 1% ) ,Wald of HLA-A * 11 gene was 3. 954 ,P =0. 047, the difference had statistical significance. B = 0. 844 > 0, OR = 2. 325 > 1, it helped development of the disease,which 95％confident interval was 1. 012-5.340,which did not include 1 ,EF =0. 342 >0. ConclusionHLA-A * 11 allele may be the susceptible gene of AP in children of Mongolia in Inner Mongolia.

Objective To analyse the genetic susceptibility of HLA DQA1 allele to anaphylactoid purpura with involved joints (APIJ),gastrointestestine (APIG) and kidney (APIK) in juvenile Han inhabited in Inner Mongolia.Method There were 45 children with APIJ,39 with APIG and 32 with APIK and 90 normal children controls,all of which were proved to be no sibship and no rheumatic diseases and family history.Of them,HLA DQA1 allelic types were analysed by polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer (PCR SSP) technique.Results Gene frequencies of HLA DQA10301 in APIJ,APIG and APIK groups (28 5%,24 9% and 25%,respectively) were significantly higher than those of control group (10 6%),and the difference had statistical significance( ? 2=12 008,7 639 and 6 882; P =0 001,0 006 and 0 009;RR=3 83,3 09 and 3 11;EF=0 36,0 295 and 0 297,respectively).In contrast,HLA DQA10302 allelic frequencies in APIJ,APIG and APIK groups (5 7%?3 9% and 6 5%,respectively) were significantly lower than those in control grorp (19%) respectively,and the difference had statistical significance ( ? 2=8 352,10 633 and 5 557; P =0 004,0 002 and 0 018;RR=0 24?0 159 and 0 272;PF=1 09?1 80 and 0 92,respectively).Conclusion The allele of HLA DQA10301 may be a susceptible gene for the Han children with APIJ,APIG and APIK in Inner Mongolia,while HLA DQA10302 gene may be the protective one.

Objective To investigate the role of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis through Fas/ Fas ligand pathway in the development of viral myocarditis. Methods Twenty-five viral myocarditis (VMC) and 25 healthy children were chosen for study. The apoptosis percentage in peripheral blood iymphocytes was quantitatively examined, flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double parameter was used. And the expressions of Fas and Fasl protein in peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results The percentage of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with VMC [(0. 6976 ± 0. 1109)%] was significantly higher than that of healthy children [(0. 1288 ± 0. 1069) %] (t = 18.459, P ＜ 0.001). Moreover, the apoptosis cell percentage showed a significant positive correlation with the serum levels of myocardium enzyme (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase)(r =0. 817 ,P ＜0. 01 ;r =0. 785 ,P ＜0.01 ;r =0. 726 ,P ＜0. 01 ;r =0. 712 ,P ＜0. 01). The expression of Fas and Fasl protein in VMC patients(2. 8804 ± 0. 3020,4. 4496 ± 0. 4836) were higher than those of health children(2. 1300 ±0. 6200,0. 1238 ±0. 0384) ,which had significant difference(t = 17. 321 ,P ＜0. 001 ;t' =44. 577, P ＜ 0. 001). The apoptosis percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with VMC showed a significant positive correlation with the Fas and Fasl protein expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes(r =0. 972, P ＜ 0. 01; r = 0. 958, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Apoptosis percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes increases among children with VMC, probably because immune response decreased or it is related with the degree of myocardium damaged. Fas and Fasl play an important role in apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with VMC.

Objective To explore the levels of neuron-speciifc enolase (NSE) of the cerebrospinal lfuid (CSF) in children with convulsion. Methods Ninety children with convulsion were enrolled. According to the frequency of convulsion attack, the children were divided into brief convulsion group 51 cases and prolonged convulsion group 39 cases, further, based on the etiology, the children were divided into viral encephalitis (VE) group, idiopathic epilepsy (EP) group, and febrile convulsion (FS) group. CSF was collected within 24-48 h convulsion attack. Twenty-three children with elective surgery were selected as a control group. CSF was collected before surgery. The NSE level of CSF were measured by ELISA method and compared among groups. Results The NSE levels of CSF in prolonged convulsion group and brief convulsion group were signiifcantly higher than that in control group, while the NES levels of CSF in prolonged convulsion group were signiifcantly higher than that in brief convulsion group (all P<0.05). Among the prolong convulsion group or the brief convulsion group, the VE group had the highest NSE level of CSF, which was signiifcantly higher than EP group and FS group (all P<0.01), and the difference between EP group and FS group was not statistically signiifcant (P>0.05). Conclusions Convulsion contributed to higher NSE levers of CSF, especially in children with prolonged convulsion attack or with VE. The NSE level of CSF can be regarded as an early objective indicator of brain damage after convulsions.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Methods: Six cases of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic features were collected from December 2014 to August 2017 at Peking University International Hospital. The clinical manifestations, histomorphology, immunophenotype, treatment and follow-up data were analyzed, and relevant literature reviewed. Results: The six patients included two males and four females, with age range of 47 to 66 years (mean 56 years). One case was primary and the five cases were recurred; four cases received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The tumor diameters were 10 to 30 cm. Microscopically, the dedifferentiated areas were well demarcated from the well-differentiated areas, and resembled malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma or solitary fibrous tumor with obvious mitotic figures or necrosis. Rhabdomyoblastic cells made up 10% to 30% of dedifferentiated area, and were scattered or focally distributed, being rounded, band-like or spindled, mostly with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. No striated structure was found, and the nucleis were rounded, oval or irregular shape with central or eccentric prominent nucleoli. Rare rhabdomyoblastic cells were lymphocytoid. The tumors encroached the muscular layer of intestinal wall in two cases and perirenal adipose tissue in one case. By immunohistochemical staining, the rhabdomyoblastic cells of all cases were all positive for desmin, myogenin, myoD1 and SMA; S-100 protein was expressed in one case (1/6). Well-differentiated area in two cases and dedifferentiated areas in all six cases were positive for MDM2, CDK4 and p16. After resection of the tumor and adjacent organs, one case recurred three months later, but there was no distant metastasis. Conclusions Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation is a rare dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Pathological diagnosis is based on morphology, with supplementary immunohistochemical or molecular evaluation for further differential diagnosis. Multiple relapses may occur after surgical ablation plus adjuvant therapy.