A novel method for assaying the enzymatic activity of ribosome-inactivating proteins(RIPs) has been developed.The principle of the method is based on that RIP can remove some adenine bases from double-stranded supercoiled DNA molecules,subsequently,the deadenylated DNA was cleaved into nicked and linear form.After treatment with acidic aniline,the deadenylated DNA was degraded into many small fragments,and run out of the gel.The enzymatic activities of two RIPs(trichosanthin and cinnamomin) were tested using this method,the limit of sensitivity is about 50 ng(trichosanthin) and 5 ng(reduced cinnamomin) .It should be emphasized that the merit of this method is to avoid the preparation of ribosome.

The authors have applied the Omaha system in six different researches conducted in Hong Kong and mainland China in the last ten years. These researches have been conducted using different client groups,specialty nurses,and in the hospital,clinic and community settings. The Omaha system was found to be instrumental in serving as a conceptual framework for study,designing the intervention protocol,identifying clients' health problems,defining nursing interventions and evaluating research outcomes. The Omaha system is a valuable tool for research and practice and is worth exploring further for its application in mainland China,particularly in the areas of community nursing and transitional care.

Objective To compare the value of intrarectal filling with water and filling in rubber sheath with water in endoluminal uhrasonography for preoperative staging of rectal tumors. Methods 215 cases of rectal tumors were divided into two groups. 120 cases using the method of filling in rubber sheath with water and 95 cases using intrarectal filling with water were diagnosed with uhrasonography. The results were compared with corresponding pathologic results for the judgment of their accuracy. Results The accuracy for the diagnosis of infiltration depth was 60.0 % in the first group and was 73.7 % in the second. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The accuracy for diagnosis of metastases of perirectal lymph nodes was 82.5 % in the first group and was 80.0 % in the second. The difference has no statistical significance (P >0.50). Conclusion Intrarectai filling with water is better than filling in rubber sheath with water in the diagnosis of infiltration depth of rectal tumors, while there is no difference in the diagnosis of metastasis of perirectal lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) gene and the incidence of hypertension in obese subjects. Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 377 simple obese subjects who had Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-AR gene and some clinical metabolic parameters, such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured in the year of 2000 and 2007. Results The results of follow-up indicated that the incidence of hypertension in Trp64Arg heterozygote subjects were higher than that in Trp64Trp homozygote subjects (52.7% ,69/131 vs 37.0% ,91/246,P < 0.01), the difference was only seen in male (59.5%, 50/84 vs 45.1%, 64/142, P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension in both Trp64Trp homozygote and Trp64Arg heterozygote subjects were higher in obese male than those in obese female (P < 0.01 or <0.05). After seven years, the blood pressure increased (9.7 ± 4.3)/(5.4 ± 4.0) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) in Trp64Trp homozygote,and (12.8 ± 5.2)/ (7.9 ± 4.7) mm Hg in Trp64Trp heterozygote subjects. Compared with that in Trp64Trp homozygote subjects, lipid profile, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR was increased significantly in Trp64Trp heterezygote subjects (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that β3-AR gene mutation, male, central obesity and insulin resistance were associated with the incidence of hypertension in obese subjects. Conclusion The β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is the independent risk factor in the incidence of hypertension in male.

Objective To study the changes of left ventricular(LV) function before and after rAAV2-GFP targeted to myocardium by the ultrasound mediated microbubbles. Methods Twenty rats were divided into 2 groups. Ten rats underwent ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction without rAAV2-GFP as control. Another ten rats underwent ultrasound mediated microbubbles destruction containing rAAV2-GFP as experimental group. The mean value of LV rotation of rats was obtained in apical and base plane using speckle tracking imaging(STI) software. LV torsion(LVtor) was defined as apical rotation relative to the base. LV function including circumferential strain,circumferential strain rate of systolic and early diastolic and late diastolic, torsion, time to peak, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume of LV,heart rate and so on were also measured before and after 14 days. Other rats were killed after 14 days and hearts were harvested. GFP protein expression which showed rAAV2 transfer was observed under fluorescence microscope in frozen section. Results There was no significant difference of LV function of rats before and after rAAV2-GFP myocardium transfection by the ultrasound mediated microhubbles. Conclusions LV myocardial function has no significant difference before and after delivering rAAV2 to the heart in vivo by ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pathways for pediatric asthma.Methods The literatures on the application of clinical pathways for pediatric asthma were collected in the databases such as PubMed,Cochrane Library,Ovid,ScienceDirect,EBSCOhost,CNKI,Wanfang and CBM while a manual search was added.The search was performed from 1980 to 2014.Two reviewers independently screened references,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias.Data was pooled and analyzed by using Revman 5.2 version.Results Eleven studies involving 2 207 participants from nearly 1 048 relevant studies met the inclusion criteria.1 174 participants were in the clinical pathway group while the other 1 033 participants were in the control group.Meta-analysis result showed that patients with asthma in a clinical pathway had a shorter length of stay,less medical cost,reduced rate of emergency room visits,and improved health education.However,clinical pathway did not appear to reduce readmission.Conclusions Clinical pathway can significandy reduce the length of hospital stay,cost,rate of emergency room visits and improve health education.

Objective To investigate the effects of clearing liver and purging the heart decoction( CLPHD) combined with methimazole on hormone levels in hyperthyroid rats. Methods Rats were administered with levothyroxine (600 μg·kg-1 ) for 3 weeks to establish the hyperthyroid model,and the serum contents of T3,FT3,T4,FT4,TSH and TRAb in hyperthyroid rats treated with CLPHD combined with methimazole were detected. Results Methimazole, CLPHD, and the combination therapy significantly reduced food intake,water intake and body temperature of the hyperthyroid rats. All treatments reduced levels of FT3, T4 and FT4 in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with the CLPHD mono-therapy, the combination therapy significantly lowered serum T4 in hyperthyroid rats,but not the TRAb level. Conclusion CLPHD combined with methimazole can obviously improve the function of thyroid gland in hyperthyroid rats.

Objective To investigate relationship between adiponectin and cardiac damage induced by aldosterone in SD rats. Methods Male SD rats were treated with aldosterone infusion for 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every week. At the end of experiment, the myocardial structure was observed, the levels of adiponectin in plasma and adiponectin mRNA expression of adipose tissue in epididymal fat pad were measured. 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 10-8 and 10-6 moL/L aldosterone for 24 and 48 h, adiponectin mRNA expressions and adiponectin concentrations in culture medium were measured. Results Aldosterone induced only a slight increase in the SBP of SD rats[(123±7)mm Hg, P<0.05]. However, aldosterone significantly induced cardiac ultrastructure changes, such as mitochondrial swelling and disordered internal structures. Furthermore, the level of plasma adiponectin decreased 22.8% after aldosterone treatment for 4 weeks ( P<0. 05 ). When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 10-8 and 10-6 mol/L aldosterone for 24 h, adiponectin concentrations in culture medium decreased 21.8% and 27. 2%, respectively (P < 0. 05); for 48 h, adiponctin mRNA expressions decreased 22.1% and 37.4%, respectively ( P<0. 05 ). The effect of aldosterone was reversed by spironolactone,which was partly independent of SBP. Conclusions Low level of adiponectin may be involved in cardiac damage induced by aldosterone in SD rats.

Objective To evaluate the detection performance of the cobas8000 c702 fully automatic biochemical analyzer for de‐tecting the second generation Roche urine trace albumin (ALBU2) .Methods (1) The precise evaluation :with the allowable error stipulated by CLIA 88 as the basis ,the requirements were the repeat precision <1/4TEa ,and intermediate precision <1/3TEa;(2) the linear range and the evaluation of the reportable range :the EP6‐A scheme was adopted ,and extend to calculate the average re‐covery rate of dilution ,the clinical reportable range was evaluated by the average dilution recovery of 90% -110% ;(3) the carry o‐ver pollution assessment :the carry over pollution of serum albumin on urine trace albumin detection was evaluated by the judgment standard of carry over pollution rate of 0 .5% ;(4)the methodological comparative analysis :with SIEMENS BN Ⅱas the reference system ,the Roche Cobas 8000 C702 and the BN2 results were performed the correlation contrastive analysis .Results The repeat precision :low concentration CV=1 .98% .high concentration CV=1 .64% ;intermediate precision :low concentration CV=4 .35% , high concentration CV=1 .20% ;the linear range verification :the measurement range 5 .6-413 .55 mg/L ;clinical reportable range :in the maximum diluted multiples of 30 times ,the clinical reportable range was 5 .6-12 406 .5 mg/L ;the carry over pollution rate :serum albumin (42 .6 g/L) on urine trace albumin(6 .9 mg/L) ,the carry over pollution rate was 0 .28% ;the indoor comparison :in the concentration within 200 mg/L ,the regression line was Y=0 .896 X+5 .049 ,the correlation coefficient r2 =0 .994 4 ,the system shift was passed at the medical decision level .When the specimen concentration within 201-413 .55 mg/L ,the regression line was Y=0 .848X-10 .44 ,the correlation coefficient r2 =0 .917 ,the system shift was not passed at the medical decision level .Conclusion The detection of the Roche ALBU2 in the Cobas 8000 C702 platform can meet the clinical needs ,the comparison among different instruments has difference in different concentration ranges ,therefore the independent reference ranges should be established ac‐cording to the each instrument system .

Objective To study and distinguish the sonographic characteristics of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CTL) and its nodules.Methods Ultrasonographic characteristics of 107 patients with histologically confirmed CTL was observed with a 7.5-12 MHz transducer and confirmed with the operation and pathology.Seventy four cases of CTL were examined by color Doppler flow image (CDFI),serum thyroid hormone levels were determined in 38 cases of CTL.Results In 57 cases of CTL,the pattern of diffuse low echoes was found in 14 cases (24.6 %),and nodulose pattern in 43 cases (75.4 %) in which diffuse numerous hypoecoie microdules in 16 (37.2%),and sporadic small nodules in 27 (62.8 %).All cases showed degeneration and disappearance of thyroid follicles,lymph cells invasion in varying degrees on pathology.Nodular goiter was commonly detected in 40 cases CTL (37.4 %),adenoma in 4 cases (3.7 %),hyperthyroidism in one case,non-Hodgkin lymphoma in one case,thyroid carcinoma in 4 cases (3.7 %).Color dopple flow imaging showed in 74 cases,0-Ⅰ 34 cases,Ⅱ 38 cases,Ⅲ 2 cases.The increased flow were observed in 38 cases in both Anti-Tpo and Anti-TG,and in 26 cases in TSH.Conclusion Ultrasonography is complex in CTL,with more complications.Ultrasonography are distinguished between the nodule of CTL and the nodule in the other thyroid diseases.Ultrasonography could help to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention,and provide strong evidence for CTL and its complication in clinic treatment.