BACKGROUND: Recently, several scientists have found that differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) towards dopaminergic neurons may be increased in vitro by combination of some special cytokines. They have also found that dopaminergic neurons differentiated from NSCs can be used for the treatment of Parkinsn's disease. To improve the therapeutic effects of/n vitro transplantation, we should further study the biologic characteristics of NSCs at the induction and differentiation.OBJECTIVE: To explore the differentiation of NSCs which were incubated in differentiation solution for different time towards dopaminergic neurons in vitro.DESIGN: Single sample observation.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Department of Ncurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May to October 2007. Six healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, gestational age 14 days, of clean grade, weighing 350-400 g,were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University[permission No. SCXK (yue)2007-0034]. The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals.METHODS: NSCs derived from rat embryonic mesencephalon were cultured in serum-free culture medium containing epidermal growth factors and basic fibroblast growth factors. After passage, the NSCs were induced to differentiate towards dopaminergic neurons in the differentiation medium supplemented with interleukin 1o, interleukinl 1, human leukaemia inhibitory factors, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors. The percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in differentiated ceils was detected with flow cytometer when NSCs were cultured in differentiation solution for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cellular morphological alteration of rat NSCs after differentiation. The percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in differentiated cells derived from NSCs.RESULTS: In differentiation medium, NSC spheres attached the bottom of plates and began to collapse. Cells inside the spheres grew out gradually and became irregular in shape. Six days later, most of the cells had I or 2 long processes and a few short processes. The percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in differentiated cells was respectively (3.2_+_0.9)%, (6.8 +1.6)%, (16.7-+2.6)%, (14.8_+1.8)% and (12.2_+2.5)% after culture for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, with significant differences (F =26.449, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Induction time influences the differentiation of NSCs towards dopaminergic neurons in vitro. The percentage of dopaminergic neurons is the highest in differentiated cells derived from NSCs which are cultured in differentiation solution for 6 days.

Objective To explore the relationship between intrahepatic expression of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods IL-17 expressions in livers with different inflammation activity grades and hepatic fibrosis stages from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus carriers (n= 30), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 55), liver cirrhosis (LC, n=20) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Serum IL-17 and liver fibrosis indices of haluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type Ⅲ procollagen (PC Ⅲ ) and type Ⅳ collagen ( Ⅳ C) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences between groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test, and the correlation analysis was done by Spearman test. Results Intrahepatic IL-17 expression in LC group was significantly higher than CHB group (x2 =25. 3982, P=0. 004), and that in CHB group was higher than chronic hepatitis B virus carriers group (x2 = 11. 5056, P= 0. 001). The inflammation activity grade and hepatic fibrosis stage were both positively correlated with IL-17 expression (r= 0.718, 0. 693, respectively; both P＜0.01). IL-17 mainly located in portal area and the expression was positively correlated with serum levels of HA, LN, PCⅢ and ⅣC (r=0. 793, 0. 834, 0. 722, 0. 883, respectively; all P＜0.01).Conclusion Intrahepatic IL-17 expression is closely correlated with liver inflammation activity grade and hepatic fibrosis stage.

Objective To analyze the massive explosions and burn at Tianjin Port in 2015 resulted in a mass casualty event,and the entire course of response of a hospital to deal with such major sudden accident in order to find a rational strategy for optimal use of medical resources and reduce the critical mortality.Methods This study was done by a retrospective analysis of data from one trauma center at an academic hospital.Data including outcome,triage,severity and pattern of injuries,patient flow,and medical resources used were obtained by the review of hospital records.Results This disaster caused 165 deaths,8 missing contact,and 797 non-fatal casualties.The Pingjin Hospital admitted 298 casualties,and 29 of them were seriously injured referred to by Tianjin Emergency Medical Center.Excessive triage rate made after transfer to another hospital was 62.07% with 11 of the 29 severely injured patients.Maximum (also the first)surge had 147 injured patients arrived around one hour after incident,the second surge had 31 seriously injured patients occurred around 4 hours after incident.Of them,17 patients needed surgery and 17 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.Conclusions These data showed that the number of casualties in the first surge was substantially larger than predicted and those casualties had less severe trauma,whereas the number of the injured in the second surge was less but the trauma was more severe.In order to maintain the hospital surge capacity,an effective re-triage and a hospital-wide damage control principle can be used to deal with.

Objective To establish a headspace gas chromatography method for determination of nine residual solvents in grape seed extract. Methods The residual solvents in grape seed extract were separated on DB-WAX column (30 m× 0.45 mm, 0.85 μm) with an FID detector; the injector temperature and the detector temperature was set at 220 ℃ and 250 ℃ , respectively; the chapiter pressure was 27.58 kPa; the containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium for 30 min at 80 ℃ ;the N, N-dimethylformamide was used as the solvent. Results The detected solvents were well separated. Good linear relationship of the benzene and ethanol was obtained within the range of 0.04-0.3,100-750 μg?mL-1 , respectively. Good linear relationships of the hexane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, toluene and 1,2-diethyl benzene solvents were obtained within the range of 0.4-3.0 μg?mL-1 (r≥0.995 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of the nine solvents were 96.35%,97.08%,97.31%,89.93%,92.35%,90.65%,88.56%,93.84%,86.51% and the RSDs were 4.38%,2.16%,3.49%, 4.19%,4.80%,4. 83%,4. 70%,5. 00%,4. 39%, respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the determination of residual solvents in grape seed extract and can simultaneously provide scientific basic for quality control.

Objective:By comparing the volume% (V% GGOs) of ground glass opacities (GGOs) in high resolution CT (HRCT) of patients with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning at different time points, its value in the early prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning was analyzed. Methods:The data of patients with PQ poisoning admitted to Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Chinese Armed Police Forces from June 2017 to December 2018 were prospectively analyzed. According to the follow-up results after poisoning at 90 days, the patients were divided into the survival group and death group. Three-dimensional reconstruction technology was used to calculate the change of V% GGOs on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after poisoning. Chi-square test and One-Way ANOVA of variance were used to compare sex, age, and time of poisoning between the two groups. The Student's t test was used to compare V% GGOs between the two groups at different time points. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the guiding significance of the indicator on the prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning at different time points. Results:A total of 89 patients with PQ poisoning were included in the study, 49 in the survival group and 40 in the death group. There were no statistical differences between the two groups of patients in sex, age, poisoning time, oxygenation index, mean arterial pressure, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase at admission (all P>0.05). The blood PQ concentration (mg/L) in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (6.35 ±0.51 vs 3.49 ±0.21, P= 0.013). On the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after admission, the V% GGOs was significantly higher than that in the survival group (3rd day: 0.062±0.020 vs 0.049±0.007, P= 0.013; 5th day: 0.292±0.130 vs 0.123±0.044, P<0.01; 7th day: 0.334±0.116 vs 0.138±0.034, P=0.019). The area under the ROC curve showed that the prognosis AUC of the 7th day V% GGOs after poisoning was 0.967, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 83.33% when the threshold was 0.16, but the time point was late. On the 5th day after poisoning, the V% GGOs judged the prognosis AUC was 0.842, the sensitivity was 82.35% and the specificity was 89.47% when the threshold was 0.14. On the 3rd day after poisoning, the V% GGOs judged the prognosis AUC was 0.708, the sensitivity was 55.00% and the specificity was 78.95% when the threshold was 0.05. At this time, the sensitivity and specificity were lower than those on the 5th and 7th day. Conclusions:The proportion of ground glass opacity volume in patients with PQ poisoning can be used to evaluate their prognosis, and the best time point is the 5th day after poisoning.

ObjectiveTo describe the modified (narrowed) gastric tube and two methods on the establishmentof enteral feeding pathway in esophagectomy.MethodsFrom July 2003 to April 2006,we made traditional gastric tube for patients underwent esophagectomy to substitute the dissected esophagus while from May 2006 to November 2009,we made modified gastric tube for the same purpose.From July 2003 to November 2009,enteral nutrition tubes for all these patients are placed intraoperatively by two different ways,which made early post-operative nutrition support possible for these patients.ResultsNo perioperative death occurred among the patients.The length of the modified gastric tube ensured the anastomosis by circular stapler at the apex thorax or in the bases of cervical region.No statistical differences were found between the two group in terms of survival rate.The intraoperative establishment of enteral nutrition pathway ensured the early enteral nutrition support after the operation.ConclusionThe utility of the modified gastric tube extends the length of gastric tube to make mechanical anastomose easier and safer; meanwhile,the intraoperative establishment of enteral nutrition pathway ensures the early enteral nutrition support after the operation.

Objective To investigate the microsurgical effect of spinal cord Intramedullary cavernous hemangioma.Methods The clinical data of 23 patients with spinal cord Intramedullary cavernous henangioma from January,2003 to March,2017 were analyzed retrospectively.McCormick clinical neurological function classification method and MRI examination were used to analyze the changes of neurological function and imaging changes beforeand-after operation.MRI and assess nerve function were reviewed 6-12 months after discharge.Results Twentytwo cases were totally resected,and subtotal excised in 1 case.The symptoms improved and even disappeared completely in 17 cases.There was no obvious improvement in 4 cases,2 cases were worse and no death cases.Twentyone cases were followed-up.The follow-up time was 3 months-9 years,and no tumor recurrence was found.Among the 14 cases of clinical neurological function Ⅰ-Ⅱ,10 cases recovered rapidly and most of the symptoms improved or even disappeared.Three cases had no obvious change.The other 1 case aggravated symptoms;Six cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients in 7 cases of postoperative recovery,and 1 case of no change.According to preoperative neurological function grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ,the treatment effect of patients was compared,the difference was significant (x2=5.25,P＜0.05).Conclusion Microsurgical resection of spinal cord Intramedullary cavernous hemangioma is safe and effective.The preoperative nerve function,the relationship between the tumor and the spinal cord,and the surgical skill and the degree of resection are the important factors that affect the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the epidemiology characteristics of crawfish related rhabdomyolysis (RM) in Nanjing, 2016.Methods Outpatient and inpatient electronic medical system of 21 hospitals in Nanjing during 2016 were retrospectively searched, and all the patients diagnosed with RM were selected. The patients with none crayfish-related RM was excluded. The epidemiology characteristics were depicted. The geographic information system (GIS) was used to collect, manage and analyze the spatial data, to visualize it, to analyze the spatial distribution features of the disease, and to explore the cause of disease prediction. GeoDa 1.8 software was used to analyze the global and local spatial auto-correlation.Results A total of 1183 patients with crawfish related RM were initially screened, excluding 59 patients with RM caused by trauma, severe exercise, heat stroke, myositis, poisoning, drugs, and genetic diseases, and 1124 patients were enrolled. The proportion of men was 36.48% (410/1124) with an incidence of 12.54/100 thousands; while of women was 63.52% (714/1124) with an incidence of 21.86/100 thousands. The median age at onset was 34 (28, 43) years. From July to August, the incidence of crawfish related RM was the highest, accounting for 96.53% of the total number of cases. The top four incidence areas were Pukou (41.54/100 thousands), Jianye (25.94/100 thousands), Qixia (25.73/100 thousands), Gulou (25.04/100 thousands), all of which were adjacent to the Yangtze River. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed: MoranI = 0.427,Z = 2.646,P = 0.003, suggesting that the crawfish related RM had positive spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the spatial structure of crawfish related RM existed in Nanjing in 2016. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high concentration areas were Pukou, Jianye and Liuhe. The incidences of above three areas which were the Nanjing section of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River flowed through the region and surrounding areas were higher than the overall incidence of Nanjing.Conclusion The prevalence of crawfish related RM in Nanjing during 2016 had an obvious region-concentrated character and global spatial autocorrelation with the high prevalent regions mainly concentrated in the urban areas adjacent to the Yangtze River.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.