Ht-toxin was extracted by singular or mixed organic solvents after solid and liquid culturing Helminthosporium turcicum in vitro, and pathogenic activity and toxicity of these extracts were assayed using root growth inhibition, isolated root cap cell death and isolated leaf soaking bioassays. Several best singular and mixed organic solvents have been screened for extracting Ht-toxin in vitro and this may lay foundation for its purification and structure analysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of gene therapy which was mediated by electroporation on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) duning mandible distraction.Methods Bilateral mandibular osteotomies were performed in New-Zealand rabbit.After a latency of 3 days,the mandibles were elongated using distractors with a rate of 0.8 mm/d for 7 days.The rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups:2 μtg recombinant plasmids pIRES-hVEGF165-hBMP2,pIRES-hBMP2,pIRES-hVEGF165,pIRES and normal saline (NS) were injected into the distraction area of groups A,B,C,D and E,after completion of distraction,respectively.The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical detection of bFGF,and the mean optic densities and integral optical density of bFGF positive cells were measured by computerized image analyzer.Results bFGF mainly located in fibroblasts,giant monocytes,polynuclear phagocytes,osetocytes,and osetoblasts in the connective tissue around bone tissue.The strongest expression was observed at the 7th day,and weakened at 14th day of consolidation stage,there were no significant difference among groups A,B and C,at the 7th day of consolidation.However,there were significant differences between gene therapy groups (A,B and C) and control groups (D and E) (P＜0.01).Conclusions Gene therapy can enhance and prolong the expression of bFGF in distraction gap,which promotes the cell differentiation and proliferation,extracellular matrix synthesis and new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis.This is probably one of the molecular mechanisms of the gene therapy promoting new bone formation in distraction gap.

Objective To investigate the expression patterns of major bone growth factors and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in the distracted calluses following transfected gene during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit model.Methods Bilateral mandibular osteotomies were performed in New-Zeland rabbits.After a latency of 3 days,the mandibles were elongated using distractors for 7 days.After the completion of distraction,the rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups.Three animals each were sacrificed at the end of the delay phase,at 7,14,and 28 days after completion of distraction,respectively.The lengthened mandibles were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical detection of BMP2 expression,the mean optic densities and integral optical density of BMP2 positive cells were measured by computerized image analyzer.Results Elevated cellular expression of BMP2,in the distraction gap,was observed following mandibular distraction.BMP2 staining was mainly located in inflammatory cells,and the connective tissues arrounding the new bone.Their strongest expression was the 7th day,some of those growth factors expressed weakly or negatively.Conclusions Electroporation-mediated gene transfection can promote BMP2 expression effectively,which plays an important role in cell differentiation and proliferation during distraction osteo genesis.The BMP2 stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis,induces the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts,which then promotes the new bone formation and repair.

Objective To investigate the construction of outpatient quality care services and the needs of patient for outpatient service,and to explore the relevance of the two projects.Methods A total of 152 cases of outpatient department registered nurse of Beijing Union Hospital and 281 cases of hospitalized patients on May,2017 were selected,and then developed the Content Questionnaire on Quality Nursing Work of Outpatient Nurse and the Questionnaire on Outpatient Needs Status to carry out investigation.Results This kind of hospital patients with college or university in 216 cases(76.9%,216/281),personal monthly income of 5.0-10.0 thousand accounted for 44.8%(126/281);outpatient nurses aged ≥46 in 83 cases(54.6%,83/152),the working time≥20 years in 120 cases(78.9%,120/152),college degree or above in 137 cases(90.1%,137/152),97 nurses(63.8%,97/152)in charge.The clinic nursing work relates to the rate of above 85%for disease treatment and consultation,health education,guidance service,self-service system services,on-site inspection,consulting room environment,and the cost of nurses working hours and the most frequent content for the on-site inspection and diagnosis of diseases,counseling,health education,medical order service.The order of patients' needs from high to low was disease and consultation,health education,guidance service,order service,on-site inspection,self-service system,registration service,waiting environment and consulting room environment.There was no correlation between the patient's needs and the rate of nursing,the length of work,and the frequency of work(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the demand for health education on each department(F =3.047,P ＜0.05),education level,medical order service and on-site inspections have significant difference on demand(F=3.809,3.409,P＜0.05),family income,sources of patients were not statistically significant in the comparison(P＞0.05).The outpatient quality care services had lower improved demand(≤26%),and the first six item that needed to improve are disease and medical consultation,self-service system,treatment order service,waiting environment,health education,guidance services.Conclusions In view of the characteristics of outpatient medical staff and patients in large general hospitals,we will improve the quality of outpatient service and meet the needs of patient outpatient service,which will help to deepen the medical reform and improve the quality of medical service.