Recently,the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in peripheral blood is used in clinical practice as a form of‘ liquid biopsy’. The self-seeding mechanism of CTCs provides a novel approach to explore the growing mechanism of malignant tumor and developing corresponding targeting therapies. A decade ago,the CellSearch system, which can capture and enumerate CTCs,has been validated by Food and Drug Administration( FDA)as an aid for monitoring the relapse of tumor after radical operation in patients with breast,prostate and colorectal cancer. In recent years,although the separation and detection technique of CTCs has been promoted significantly,the clinical significance of CTCs in tumors of digestive system is still under investigation. This article reviewed the research progress of peripheral blood CTCs in digestive system tumors.

Objective To investigate the entry points for clinical work of intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists.Methods Through combination with daily work and referring the domestic and foreign literature,the characteristics of ICU medications were discussed to find out the entry point for clinical work of ICU pharmacists.Results ICU patients particularly need individualized pharmaceutical care because of the special pathophysiological characteristics and medicine use.Conclusion ICU pharmacists should provide pharmaceutical care based on Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics knowledge and focus on the drug dosage adjustment,drug interactions and adverse event prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)in magnetic micropheres (MMS), and to evaluate the target ability of 5-Fu magnetic microspheres in mice. METHODS: 5-Fu-MMS was digested with 0.5% pepsin, and then free 5-Fu was extracted from tissue with ethyl acetate, and detected by a validated RP-HPLC method. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1～25mg?L-1 and the limit of quantization was 0.1mg?L-1. The tissue distribution of 5-Fu-MMS in the liver was significantly increased as compared to control(P

Objective: To summarize the recent research progress in the influence of quercetin on drug metabolizing enzymes. Methods:By referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, the paper summarized, analyzed and concluded the the influence of quercetin on drug metabolizing enzymes. Results: Quercetin could modulate the phase Ⅰmetabolic enzyme cyto-chrome P450 ( CYP) and the phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes uridine diphosphate - glucuronosyltransferase enzyme ( UGTs) , sulfotrans-ferase ( SULTs) and glutathione S-transferase ( GSTs) to influence the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of a lot of drugs. Meanwhile, the modulation of quercetin on the metabolic enzymes demanded the participation of various nuclear receptors. Conclusion:Quercetin shows the inhibitory or inducing effect on a variety of drug-metabolizing enzymes, therefore, it can interact with other drugs.

Aim To investigate the relation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dauricine in dogs with the combined PK-PD model. Methods The plasma drug concentration was determined by a validated reversed-phase HPLC method that entailed ultraviolet detector and the effects on cardiac electrophsiology; blood pressure and hemodynamics were recorded by polygraph. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters T_(1/2?),T_(1/2?),V_d, and AUC were (0.049?0.016) h, (2.7?0.6) h, (15.8?3.5) L?kg~(-1),and (1.48?0.17) mg?h?L~(-1),respectively.The maximal increase in Q-Tc intervals was(25.5?9.4)%, whereas the maximal decrease in SBP,DBP,?(dp/dt)_(max) were (23.0?4.9)%,(21.9?5.9)%,(42.8?6.6)%, and(39.0?17.1)%, respectively.The peak effects were detected approximately 10～15 min later than the plasma concentration. Relation between effects and effect compartments was analyzed with the sigmoid-E_(max) model. Conclusion The relation between plasma concentrations,time and effects is established in beagle dogs.

The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were studied in 18 healthy volunteers. A single oral dose of 150 mg irbesartan capsule (test) or tablet (reference) was given to each volunteer according to a randomized 2-way crossover study. The concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC-UV method. The main parameters of irbesartan capsules were: Cmax: 1.502 +/- 0.295 micrograms/ml, tmax: 1.44 +/- 0.34 h, t 1/2: 20.21 +/- 14.71 h, AUC0-t: 11.087 +/- 3.443 micrograms/ml-1.h. The relative bioavailability of capsule to tablet was (101.4 +/- 28.9)%. The results of statistical analysis showed that two formulations were bioequivalent.
Biological Availability ; Biphenyl Compounds/blood ; Biphenyl Compounds/*pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Cross-Over Studies ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Tablets ; Tetrazoles/blood ; Tetrazoles/*pharmacokinetics

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon disease, involvement of the thyroid by langerhans cell histiocytosis is rare. Two cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid confirmed by pathology were reported in this paper. The main clinical feature was enlargement of the thyroids. One patient had hypothyroidism. Meanwhile, the lungs and pituitaries of the two patients were affected. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid had no typical symptoms and specific laboratory examination, and might be clinically diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, benign or malignant thyroid tumors. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology might be useful in confirming the diagnosis. The effective treatments include systemic chemotherapy, local radiation therapy and surgical excision. The chemotherapy is still the major technological approach. Most patients can relieve partially after receiving the systemic chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical characteristics and gene polymorphism of oxcarbazepine (OXC)- induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). METHODS:Retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP, PubMed,EMBase,SpringerLink and other databases,case reports about OXC-induced severe ADR were summarized and ana-lyzed. RESULTS:Twelve literatures were collected,and 13 case reports about OXC-induced SJS/TEN were obtained. Male had more OXC-induced severe skin ADR than female. ADR mostly occurred during 1-14 d after medication. All patients were cured with treatment of glucocorticoid and antiallergy,without death case. Genotyping for 8 patients were performed and 6 of them showed the presence of HLA-B*1502 allele. While HLA-B alleles of 2 patients were HLA-B*1518/B*4001,which was the variation of HLA-B*1502. CONCLUSIONS:OXC-induced ADR should be monitored closely. Great importance should be attached to patient education and follow-up program. HLA-B*1502 gene detection should be performed to guide rational use of OXC and optimize clini-cal drug use plan.

Objective:To assess the clinical use of dezocine injection. Methods:The application of dezocine injection in the in-patients during December 2015 and November 2016 in a hospital was statistically analyzed and evaluated from indications, dosage, treatment course and combined drug use, etc. Results:A total of 12847 patients with the age range of 0-97 and the average age of (49 ± 15. 6) years old were treated with dezocine injection. The top three departments using dezocine injection were orthopaedics (12. 70％), hand surgery (10. 30％) and liver surgery (9. 39％). Totally 132 patients were with overdose(1. 03％), and mainly in cardiac surgery. The medication course of 1042 patients was more than one week(8. 11％), which was too long, while most of the pa-tients were with tumor. Conclusion:The clinical use of dezocine injection in the hospital is basically reasonable. However, clinicians still need more training to minimize the risks involved in the process of clinical medicine application.

Objective: To establish an HPLC-fluorescence detection method for the determination of thioguanosine-monophosphate (TGMP), thioguanosine-diphosphate (TGDP) and thioguanosine-triphosphate (TGTP) in red blood cells (RBC), as well as quantify the individual thioguanine nucleotides metabolites in kidney transplant recipients with azathioprine (AZA) therapy.Methods: The individual thioguanosine phosphates were extracted from RBC by dichloromethane and subsequently oxidized by potassium permanganate.The separation was achieved on a Nucleosil C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with an ion pairing reagent and detected by a fluorescence detector (excitation at 315 nm, emission at 390 nm).The mobile phase consisted of 20 mmol·L-1 potassium phosphate buffer (pH was adjusted to 6.8 by 5 mmol·L-1 tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate)-acetonitril (80:20) with the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.Results: TGMP, TGDP and TGTP were quantified from RBC within the range of 50-500, 50-1000 and 100-5 000 pmol·ml-1, respectively.The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 50, 50 and 100 pmol·ml-1 RBC for TGMP, TGDP and TGTP, respectively.The intra-and inter-day RSDs were below 7.0% with the method recovery between 95.0% and 103.6%.The mean extraction recovery was above 90%.The assay was applied in the blood samples of 30 kidney transplant recipients with AZA therapy, and the results indicated that TGTP was the predominant phosphate metabolite in RBC.Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific, and it can quantitatively determine the individual thioguanosine phosphates in RBC of kidney transplant recipients with AZA therapy.