OBJECTIVE:To optimize the parameters of the extraction and purification technologies of total flavonoids from Di-ospyros kaki Thunb. leaves,and then to compare the contents of flavonoids in fresh and dried D. kaki Thunb. leaves. METHODS:Taking the yield of total flavonoids as the investigated index,the influences of liquid-solid ratio,the volume fraction of ethanol and ultrasonic extraction time on the extraction effect were discussed by single-factor and orthogonal test. With the purity of total flavo-noids as the investigated index,the purification effects of such three kinds of methods as ethyl acetate extraction method,alcohol deposition method and macroreticular resin purification method combined with petroleum ether degreasing on the extracted solution were compared. The optimal extraction technology was adopted to extract the total flavonoids from fresh and dried D. kaki Thunb. leaves and their contents were compared. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as liquid-solid ratio of 25∶1 (ml/g),volume fraction of ethanol of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 30 min,extraction temperature of 30 ℃. The results of the verification tests showed the average content of total flavonoids was 1.75%(RSD=2.00%,n=3). The total flavonoids in the extracted solution purified by the above-mentioned three purification methods had a purity of 24.92%,15.94% and 35.52% respec-tively,in which the macroreticular resin purification method with petroleum ether degreasing combined with AB-8 resin purification was optimal. The content of flavonoids in fresh D. kaki Thunb. leaves(1.75%) was about twice as much as that in dried leaves (0.87%). CONCLUSIONS:The optimal extraction and purification technologies are simple with good effect,and suitable for large-scale production. Fresh D. kaki Thunb. leaves should be used as raw materials for extracting flavonoids.

Objective:To optimize the formula composition of rutin self-microemulsifying drug delivery system by pseudo-ternary phase diagram.Methods:The oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were chosen by the solubility test , and the formula of rutin self-microe-mulsifying drug delivery system was optimized by pseudo-ternary phase diagram .Results: The formula of rutin self-microemulsifying drug delivery system was with the mass ratio of oleic acid , Cremopher RH40 and absolute ethyl alcohol of 23∶36∶12 .The microemul-sion was clear transparent liquid .Conclusion:The prepared rutin self-microemulsifying drug delivery system using the optimized for-mula screened by pseudo-ternary phase diagram can increase the solubility of rutin significantly .

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in both basic structure formation and function performance of microenviron-ment. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis unbalance caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress has become a hot research topic in recent years. This paper focuses on the role of endoplasmic retic-ulum stress in ischemic stroke. Research progress of related sig-naling pathways were reviewed, especially mechanisms through which endoplasmic reticulum stress trigger the inflammatory reac-tion, so as to provide a new research method for prevention of is-chemic stroke.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between miR-124 rs531564 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to cervical cancer in Chinese Han women in Guangdong Province.

METHODSThe genotypes of miR-124 rs531564 polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) in 107 cervical cancer patients and 208 healthy female blood donors. The correlation between the polymorphism and the susceptibility to cervical cancer was evaluated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe incidence of HPV infection in the patients (93.1%) was much higher than that in the control subjects (16.8%, P<0.001), suggesting the importance of HPV infection as a critical risk factor for cervical cancer. The G allele of miR-124 rs531564 polymorphism in the cervical cancer patients was much less frequent than that in the controls (8.0% vs 15.1%, P=0.014), suggesting its possible role as a protective allele. Compared with those carrying CC genotype, individuals carrying the CG and GG genotypes showed a significantly reduced risk for cervical cancer (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.26-0.88, P=0.017), and this protective role of the G allele was more prominent in older women (≥45 years old) (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.10-0.76, P=0.012).

CONCLUSIONmiR-124 rs531564 polymorphism may play a role in cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women, and G allele is associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective:To compare the effects of different test meals on postprandial triglycerides and to optimize the standard meal composition and the blood sampling protocol for the oral fat tolerance test.Methods:This study is a prospective, open-label, randomized, cross-over trial. In March 2023, 36 volunteers were recruited in Hebei General Hospital. They underwent a health examination and oral glucose tolerance test. Twenty-six healthy volunteers(11 males and 15 females) were included in this study, with an average age of(39.08±4.56) years. Each volunteer received 75 g protein meal, 75 g fat meal, 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and a high-fat mixed meal with energy adjusted based on 10 kcal/kg body weight. A one-week washout period of regular diet was applied before each trial. Blood was collected at fasting status and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after a meal to detect serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. The variations of postprandial metabolic indicators over time following the consumption of different test meals were analyzed. The disparities in postprandial metabolic responses between the two types of mixed meals were compared.Results:The protein meal, fat meal, fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal, and adjusted-calorie high-fat mixed meal resulted in postprandial triglyceride increases of 22.45%, 115.40%, 77.14%, and 63.63%, and insulin increase of 560.43%, 85.69%, 554.18%, and 598.97%, respectively, and with reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C ranging from 5.64%-21.81%, respectively. The blood glucose changed slightly. Changes in metabolic indicators mainly occured within 4 hours. The comparison of the characteristics of postprandial triglycerides between the two high-fat mixed meals showed no statistically significant differences( P>0.05). Conclusion:A standardize protocol with a 700 kcal fixed-calorie high-fat mixed meal as test meal, and blood lipid levels measured at fasting and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after consumption, can serve as an optimized approach for oral fat tolerance test.

Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.

Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Acetylglucosamine ; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine/metabolism*