We have reported previously a peculiar type of neurons in the submucous nerve plexus in the intestine of guinea pigs, and named them tentatively the ′paralymphatic neurons′. In order to further study this type of neurons, the immunohistochemical observation for neuron specific enolase (NSE) reactivity of the enteric nerve plexus in guinea pigs was carried out in this investigation. We found that all the neurons in the enteric nerve plexus showed NSE positive reaction. The paralymphatic neurons located closely against to lymphatic vessels in submucous nerve plexus in small intestine and colon also exhibited same NSE positive reaction as other neurons. All the smooth muscle and connective tissue cells were NSE negative. Most of the paralymphatic neurons exhibited typical morphological features of neurons. Although some cells did not show obvious neuronal characters, but they all presented the same positive reactivity. Hence, this study provide another reliable evidence to confirm the exact neuronal nature of the paralymphatic neurons.

Objective:Describe the prevalence of depressive disorder and the care-seeking of depressed individuals among inpatients in general hospitals in Beijing.Methods:2 925 inpatients ≥15 years of age from 40 general hospitals (selected by stratified random sampling) were first screened by psychiatric nurses and then psychiatrists used DSM-IV criteria to generate a 'gold standard' diagnosis in subjects screened positive and 10% of those screened negative. Results:Adjusted point prevalence, one-year prevalence, and lifetime prevalence of any type of depressive disorder were 7.04%, 7.47% and 9.96%, respectively; corresponding prevalences of Major Depressive Disorder were 3.83%, 4.33%, and 6.11%, respectively. Of the 123 depressed patients only 12 (9.8%) had ever received treatment. The prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males(5.18%vs 3.59%,RR=1.44 95%CI:1.01~2.05), in patients from Level-2 hospitals than in those from Level-3 hospitals(6.28%vs 3.31%,RR=1.90 95%CI:1.31~2.75), and in patients on internal medicine wards than in those from surgery (6.08%vs3.60%,RR=1.69 95%CI:1.15~2.49)or other wards(6.08%vs 3.01%,RR=2.02 95%CI:1.21~3.37).Conclusions:The prevalence of depressive disorder among inpatients in Beijing's general hospitals is high but very few are diagnosed or treated. Different programs to increase the recognition and treatment of depression in general hospitals need to be developed and regularly monitored.

The submucous plexus of the gastrointestinal tract in 20 guinea pigs were studied by histochemical methods for Nissl bodies and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunohistochemieal technique for somatostatin (SOM). We found that some neurons in the submueous plexus were located against the lymphatic vessels or even protruded toward the lumen, and only a basement membrane separated the endotheliocytes from the neurons. Thus we refer them as "paralymphatic neurons". The neurons were spindle, pear-like or polygonal in shape and all showed AChE positive reaction, but some of them exhibited SOM positive reaction. So, the paralymphatie neurons were different in property. According to the close appositional relationship between the neurons and lymphatic vessels, we infer that this peculiar type of neurons might be similar to the "cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons" in the ependyma and might have the function of neurosecretion or reception of the changes of chemical composition in the lymph. Paralymphatie neurons existed mainly in small intestine, rarely in colon and were not seen in gastric corpus and pyloric region. This suggested that the neurons might play a more important role in small intestine.

Objective To explore the genotype distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTH-FR)C677T,A1298C and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G involved in the folic acid biosynthetic path-way among Chinese Han gestational age women in Sanhe City .Methods 601 samples were recruited from Sanhe re-gion,genomic DNA was obtained from the oral mucosa cells .The detections of MTHFR and MTRR gene polymor-phisms conducted with Taqman -MGB technology .The distribution of gene polymorphisms of this study was analyzed and compared with partial regions of China ,which were reported.Results The frequency of MTHFR 677TT among Sanhe women(37.40%) was significantly different to Yanbian (28.30%),Zhenjiang(21.84%),Songzi(15.40%), Deyang(13.80%),Huizhou(10.90%),Qionghai(6.14%),Zibo(43.6%) (χ2 =12.60,87.44,151.95,233.02, 61.87,446.90,7.27,all P<0.05).The frequency of MTHFR 1298CC(2.30%) was significantly different to Zibo (1.44%),Zhenjiang(3.50%),Songzi(2.60%),Deyang(6.26%),Huizhou(7.20%),Qionghai(7.13%) (χ2 =5.84,6.49,14.32,32.54,22.94,53.12,all P<0.05).The frequency of MTRR 66GG (7.50%) was significantly different to Qionghai (9.25%),Songzi(6.40%)(χ2 =16.34,4.10,all P<0.05).Conclusion The MTHFR, MTRR polymorphism distribution of Han women in Sanhe City is region specific ,respective .

AIM: To establish a method for the quality control of Danqi Tablet(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,etc). METHODS: The content of salvianic A and protocatechualdehyde,notoginsenoside R_1 and ginsenoside Rg_1 in Danqi Tablet were determined simultaneously respectively by HPLC. RESULTS: The methodological study showed that a good linear correlation existed in the range of 0.164-3.28 ?g(r=0.999 99) of sodium salvianic A,0.013-0.52 ?g(r=0.999 999) of protocatechualdehyde,0.2-6 ?g(r=0.999 997) of notoginsenoside R_1 and 0.824-24.72 ?g(r=0.999 96) of ginsenoside Rg_1,respectively.The average recovery of sodium salvianic A was 98.34%(n=9),RSD was 2.03%,100.65% for protocatechualdehyde(n=9),RSD was 2.96%,98.97% for notoginsenoside R_1(n=9),RSD was 2.81%;98.93% for ginsenoside Rg_1(n=9),RSD was 0.57%. CONCLUSION: The determination methods are simple,accurate and reproducible.The method can be used for quality control of Danqi Tablet.

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Malformations ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the characteristics of PMP22 duplication mutation and the clinical variability of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients. Methods PMP22 duplication mutation analysis were performed in 45 cases diagnosed probably CMT by combination of improved allele-specific PCR-restriction enzyme digestion and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis based on laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. The clinical features of the positive cases were precisely analyzed. Results With the combined use of two methods, PMP22 duplication was detected in 21 cases, i.e. 10 CMT1 cases with typical presentations including weakness and atrophy in the distal limbs, and 11 atypical cases with special phenotypes including 1 case with mild dizziness, 1 case with hearing loss, 2 cases with recurrent limbs weakness, 2 cases with postural tremor in the upper limbs, 4 cases with cerebellar ataxia and 1 case with epilepsy. Conclusions The improved allele-specific PCR-restriction enzyme digestion provides the accurate, reliable and feasible method to detect PMP22 duplication, which is the most common cause of CMT. Comprehensive analysis of clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of the CMT1A patients with positive PMP22 duplication indicate the high clinical variability of this disease.

Objective Describe the prevalence of depressive disorders (mood disorders with current depressive episode) among individuals treated in general hospitals in Beijing. Methods 2877 outpatients and 2925 inpatients ≥15 years of age from 50 general hospitals (selected by stratified random sampling) were screened by trained psychiatric nurses using a depression screening instrument and then the gold standard diagnosis of all subjects screened positive and 10% of those screened negative was determined by a trained psychiatrist who used a semi-structured interview schedule based on American psychiatric diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV). Results The adjusted point prevalence, one-year prevalence, and lifetime prevalence of any type of depressive disorder were 5.23%, 5.72% and 8.22%, respectively; corresponding prevalences of major depressive disorder were 2.94%, 3.46%, and 5.32%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of depressive disorders among patients in general hospitals in Beijing is not significantly higher than in the general population in China.