Objective To exploer the function and underlying mechanism of Lunasin on sports articular cartilage injury.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and model group;after injection molding for 3 times, the model rats were feed for 28 days.Then the model rats were divided into sham model group, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/L Lunasin treatment group respectively.After treatment, ELISA was used to analyze the production of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP-6 and MMP-8.SOD activity and iNOS were evaluated by their ELISA kit.Western blot was used to detect the expression of NRF2, Keap1, LC-3Ⅱ, Bax, Beclin1, p-AMPK, AMPK.Results Compared with control, the dose of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP-6 and MMP-8 in serum of model rats were significantly increased (P<0.05), however, after treatment with Lunasin for 1 month, these inflammatory factors were obviously reduced then that of model rats (P<0.05);Furthermore Lunasin treatment obvi-ously increased SOD activity,up-regulated NRF2 expression and down-regulated the generation of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P<0.05);Additionally, Lunasin can raise the expression of autophagy-related protein(beclin1 and LC-3Ⅱ), reduce the expression of apoptosis protein (Bax) in damaged articular cartilage.ConclusionsLunasin benefits the repair of damaged joints by reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, activating of oxidative stress system and autophagy pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of α-phenyl-N-tert-butylinitrone (PBN) on expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum and spinal cord tissue in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 174 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to following groups: normal control group (n=54), normal saline control group (NS group, n=60, intrathecally injected normal saline 15 μl), and PBN group (n=60, intrathecally injected PBN, 3 mg, 15 μl). The model was established with New York University blow device (150 kDyne, 1 s dwell time). PBN was intrathecally injected into the damaged areas 30 min after operation, then once a day for 7 days. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) Locomotor Rating Scale was used to assess the rats 3 days and 1 day before, and 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days,25 days, 30 days and 35 days after SCI. NGF in the injured spinal cord tissue and serum was measured 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 days, 7 days,14 days and 21 days after SCI. Results NGF increased in serum but not in spinal cord. The ratio of NGF/total protein in serum rose and peaked 48 h after SCI, and the ratio was higher in NS group (0.92%±0.02%) than in PBN group (0.77%±0.05%) (P=0.021). BBB scores increased from the 9th day, and PBN group improved better than NS group (P<0.01). Conclusion PBN could reduce the expression of NGF in the SCI rats, and promote the recovery of neurol function.

Objective To analyse the clinical features of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)who had scores＜12 using reflux diagnostic questionnaires(RDQ).Methods A comparative and retrospective study was carried out in 148 GERD patients.Among whom 22 patients had low RDQ score(＜12)and 126 patients had high RDQ score(≥12).The differences in heart burn,substantial chest pain,regurgitation,severity and frequency of food reflux between two groups were compared.Nevertheless,the atypical symptoms such as chest distress.abnormal sensation of regurgitation or food reflux was significantly lower in patients with RDQ＜12 than those with RDQ≥accounted for 60.28%of the total RDQ score,whereas the heart burn,regurgitation and food reflux atypical symptom of chest distress was found in 13 patients(59.09%),abnormal sensation of throat in 8 patients(36.36%).cough and asthma in 3 patients(13.63%),headache in 5 patients(22.72%),belching in 9 patients(40.90%),aypnia in 8 patients(36.36%),and anxiety in 6 patients(27.27%).Conclusion RDQ is insensitive to those who have chest pain with no obvious symptom of heart burn,regurgitation or food reflux as well as those with atypical symptom beyond the RDQ.

AIM:To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in the rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( NC) group, high fat ( HF) group and HF+liraglutide ( Lira) group.The rats in HF group and HF+Lira group were given high-fat diet for 16 weeks.After 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding in HF+Lira group, Lira (600μg? kg-1? d-1 ) was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks.At the end of the 16th week, the rats were killed.The pathologi-cal changes of the liver were observed under optical microscope.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , as-partate aminotransferase ( AST) , triglyceride ( TG) and total cholesterol ( TC) were detected by automatic biochemical an-alyzer.TG contents of liver were measured by GPO-PAP method.The fasting insulin ( FINS) was determined by ELISA, and insulin resistance index was assessed by homeostasis mode assessment ( HOMA-IR) .The mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in the liver tissues was detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS:Compared with NC group, HOMA-IR, TG of liver, and the serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC and FINS in HF group were obviously increased (P<0.01).Compared with HF group, HOMA-IR, TG of liver, and the serum levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC and FINS in HF+Lira group were all obviously decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c in HF group was signifi-cantly higher than that in NC group (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of SOCSV3 and SREBP-1c in HF+Lira group was significantly decreased as compared with HF group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Liraglutide may improve the IR and re-
duce TG of liver through decreasing the mRNA expression of SOCS-3 and SREBP-1c, so as to play a therapeutic role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the early cellular immune responses to three kinds of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the immunized mice.MethodsAt day 4,the levels of IFN-γand IL-2 secreted by CD4+ and CD8+T cells which selected from splenic mononuclear cells (MNC) of the vaccinated mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot methods (ELISPOT) after stimulation in vitro with HBsAg MHC class Ⅰ peptide S28-39 of HBsAg or recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen(rHBsAg).ResultsAfter selected by MACs,the purity of CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+T cell was more than 90％.The positive rate of IFN-γsecreted by CD4+T cells induced by HBsAg derived from Hansenula polymorpha(rHP) was higher than that of HBsAg derived from CHO cell (rCHO).Levels of IFN-γ secreted by CD8+T cells and IL-2 secreted by CD4+T cells induced by rHP antigen were significantly higher than those of rCHO( P＜0.05 ).Meanwhile,levels of IFN-γsecreted by CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells induced by rHP were also significantly higher than those of plasma HBsAg(pHB) (P＜0.05).ConclusionAt day 4,the cellular immune responses induced by HBsAg could be detected.But the immune responses induced by the three kinds of HBsAg are different in levels.According to early cellular immune response intensity,the rHP HBsAg are superior to the rCHO and pHB,in accordance with the high protection rate interrupting the mother-infant transmission immunized by rHP vaccine in clinical trial.It provides scientific basis for necessity of timely birth dose of HB vaccine and kind of HB vaccine for high risk newborn infants vaccinated.

Objective To discuss the clinic characters of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma ( CCPRCC) and the efficacy of related laparoscopic surgery.Methods From October 2013 to December 2015, 4 cases were treated as CCPRCC including 3 male and 1 female.Their age ranged from 34 to 67 years old ( mean 53 years old) .The duration of illness ranged from 7 days to 3 months, which the average duration was 1.5 months.The location of tumor included left side in 2 cases and right side in other 2 cases.All tumors were found incidentally, without symptoms or positive sign.Ultrasound showed that 2 cases were solid, and the other 2 cases were cystic solid with low, high or mixed echo and rich blood flow signals.The tumors were enhanced in CT arterial phase, and calcification showed in one case.MRI showed heterogeneous signal.The mean size of tumor was 3.0 cm,ranging 2.3 to 4.5 cm.After preoperative examination, all cases underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.During the operation, 2 cases were confirmed as cystic solid tumors, and the other 2 cases were solid tumors.Renal artery and renal mass were dissociated , then the artery was blocked.The tumor was complete resected, and kidney was sutured. Results All surgery was performed successfully without conversion.The operation time was 137-191 min (average 157 min).The blood loss was 10-100 ml (average 45 ml) without blood transfusion.The warm ischemia time was 15-35 min ( mean 22 min) .The postoperative hospitalization time stay 6-8 d ( average 7 d).Pathologic report was CCPRCC, including 3 cases of WHO/ISUP grade 1, and 1 case of WHO/ISUP grade 2.2 cases were cystic solid tumor, and other 2 cases were solid tumor.Bland-appearing tubules and occasional small papillae, and uniform small nuclei are arranged in a linear manner away from the basal aspect of the tubules in microscope.Immunohistochemistry showed that CA IX, CK7, 34 E12 were positive, but CD10 , P504S and CD117 were negative.The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 14 months, ranging 4 to 30 months.No recurrence was found in those patients.Patients were followed up for 4-30 months ( average 14 months) without recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions CCPRCC is a rare subtype of renal tumor, which mainly diagnosed by pathological diagnosis . Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is an effective method for the treatment with good prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of pT 3a stage non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). Methods:The clinical data of 438 patients with pT 3a stage renal cell carcinoma treated by surgery at Peking University Third Hospital from March 2013 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 58 cases in the nccRCC group and 380 cases in the clear cell RCC (ccRCC) group. There were statistically significant differences in age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and comorbidities between the two groups (all P<0.05). Therefore, propensity score matching was used to adjust the baseline data of the two groups. After matching, there were 58 cases in the nccRCC group and 232 cases in the ccRCC group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender (male/female: 34/24 cases and 165/67 cases), age (53.3±16.8 years and 56.6±11.6 years), ASA classification (1/2/3/4: 19/34/5/0 cases and 60/163/8/1 cases), comorbidities (present/absent: 16/42 cases and 76/156 cases), tumor maximum diameter [6.7 (5.3, 8.4) cm and 5.8 (4.6, 7.8) cm], and nephron sparing surgery(yes/no: 4/54 cases and 15/217 cases) (all P > 0.05). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of two groups were compared, the Kaplan-Meier method was employed to plot survival curves. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different pT 3a characteristics in the nccRCC group and progression-free survival. Results:In the matched cohort, the median follow-up time for the nccRCC group and ccRCC group were 28.0 (16.3, 45.3) months and 31.0 (18.0, 57.0) months, respectively. The pathological types in the nccRCC group included chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (20 cases, 34.5%), papillary renal cell carcinoma (20 cases, 34.5%), Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (8 cases, 13.8%), mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (3 cases, 5.2%), and other or unclassified renal cell carcinoma (7 cases, 12.1%). There was no statistical significance between the nccRCC and ccRCC groups in terms of invasion of the renal vein without involvement of the vein wall (yes/no: 5/53 cases and 41/191 cases), vascular invasion (yes/no: 18/40 cases and 52/180 cases), invasion of the perirenal fat (yes/no: 15/43 cases and 39/193 cases), invasion of the renal pelvis and sinus (yes/no: 51/7 cases and 200/32 cases), or sarcomatoid differentiation (yes/no: 2/56 cases and 4/228 cases)(all P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in lymph node involvement (yes/no: 3/229 cases and 9/49 cases, P < 0.01). The 5-year PFS and OS of nccRCC group were 67% (95% CI 52%-86%) and 70% (95% CI 55%-89%) respectively. While the 5-year PFS and OS of ccRCC group were 78% (95% CI 70%-86%) and 87% (95% CI 81%-93%) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS between the two groups ( P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in OS ( P<0.01). Furthermore, within specific pathological types, the 5-year PFS and OS rates of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were 88% (95% CI 67%-100%) and 86% (95% CI 63%-100%) respectively, followed by papillary renal cell carcinoma with 5-year PFS of 55% (95% CI 33%-91%) and 5-year OS of 65% (95% CI 44%-97%), and Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with 5-year PFS of 38% (95% CI 9%-100%) and 5-year OS of 43% (95% CI 10%-100%). The difference in PFS and OS between ccRCC, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, and Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma was statistically significant ( P<0.01). In addition, the multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the independent risk factor for PFS in nccRCC patients is the invasion of the renal vein without venous wall involvement ( HR = 8.0, 95% CI 1.8-36.2, P<0.01). Conculsions:Compared to ccRCC, pT 3a nccRCC is more prone to lymph node metastasis. Among them, papillary renal cell carcinoma and Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma have a poorer prognosis, resulting in an overall lower survival period for pT 3a nccRCC patients. Among different pT 3a characteristics, invasion of the renal vein without invading the vein wall is an independent risk factor for PFS in nccRCC patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the main structural and content features of four instruments for motor function and motor ability assessment and their psychometric properties for children and adolescents with disabilities, based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). MethodsPubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for literature on motor function and motor ability assessment for children and adolescents with disabilities published from establishment to May, 2023. The main structural and content characteristics of the tools were analyzed using ICF-CY, and the quality of measurement tools was assessed using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). ResultsNine papers were eventually included, and four assessment tools were identified, including Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Peabody Developmental Motor Scales second edition (PDMS-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition (BOT-2), and Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition (MABC-2). The GMFM-88 consisted of 88 items in five dimensions: zone A (lying and rolling), zone B (sitting), zone C (crawling and kneeling), zone D (standing), and zone E (walking and running and jumping); it involved joint movement function (b710), random movement control function (b760), etc., in body function; and the change of basic body posture to maintain a body posture (d410) and maintain a body posture (d415) in activity and participation, with good to excellent levels of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, and structural validity. The PDMS-2 consisted of six subtests, including reflexes, posture, movement, physical manipulation, grasping and visuomotor integration, with a total of 249 items; it involved memory function (b144) and joint mobility function (b710) in body function; as well as looking (d110) and imitation (d130) in activity and participation; with good psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and hypothesis testing and cross-cultural feasibility. There are two versions of BOT-2: long form and short form. The long form consisted of eight subtests with 53 items, involving joint mobility function (b710) and joint stability function (b715) in body function; as well as imitation (d130) and learned calculation (d150) in activity and participation; it achieved excellent levels of psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency reliability, content validity, and structural validity, and good level in reliability and test-retest reliability. MABC-2 consisted of two parts: an activity ability test and a checklist with 30 items; it involved joint mobility function (b710), joint stability function (b715), etc., in body function; as well as fine-hand use (d440), hand and arm use (d445) in activity and participation; with good psychometric properties such as reliability, content validity, and structural validity. ConclusionThis systematic review analyzed the main structural and content characteristics of four types of measurement tools for assessing motor function and motor ability in children and adolescents with disabilities based on the ICF-CY, and evaluated the quality of psychometric properties (internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and cross-cultural consistency, etc.) of the four types of measurement tools using the COSMIN criteria. For the structure and content, PDMS-2 appears the broadest content, and measures fine hand movements, dynamic and static balance, along with the BOT-2 and MABC-2. GMFM-88 focuses more on gross motor functions such as postural control. Four instruments show high internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity and structural validity, while the BOT-2 and PDMS-2 show better reliability. To ensure the reliability and validity of the measures, rehabilitation workers and educators need to receive standardized training and qualification before using the standardized instruments for motor function and motor ability for children with disabilities. With norm-referenced measures, the results need to be converted to standard scores.

Objective: To investigate the effect of curcumin on intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into normal control group, model group, and curcumin intervention group. The rats in the model group and the curcumin intervention group were given high-fat feed for 16 weeks, and those in the curcumin intervention group were given curcumin 200 mg/kg/day by gavage once a day after 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. The rats were sacrificed at the end of week 16. A light microscope was used to observe pathological changes in the liver, an electron microscope was used to observe the tight junction of the intestinal mucosa, an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used to measure plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, spectrophotometric method was used to measure the activity of serum diamine oxidase, ELISA was used to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of the tight junction protein occludin. One-way ANOVA test and SNK-q test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Under the light microscope, the control group had no hepatocyte steatosis, the model group had significant hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the curcumin intervention group had reduced hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Under the electron microscope, the control group had a clear and complete structure of the tight junction of the intestinal mucosa and normal structures of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum; in the model group, the structure of the tight junction of the intestinal mucosa was destroyed, the intercellular space was widened, the desmosomes had a loose structure, there was edema in some mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated; the curcumin intervention group had improvements in the structure of tight junction of the intestinal mucosa, intercellular space, edema in the mitochondria, and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in the serum levels of AST, ALT, DAO, TNFα, and LPS (q = -15.918, -14.402, -33.700, -8.944, and -10.832, P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the curcumin intervention group had significant reductions in the serum levels of AST, ALT, DAO, TNFα, and LPS (q = 10.457, 7.752, 18.802, 5.202, and 4.279, P < 0.05). In the control group, occludin showed a linear distribution along the top of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. The model group had a significant reduction in positive staining compared with the control group, and the curcumin intervention group had a significant increase in positive staining compared with the model group. The relative expression of occludin was 0.29±0.03 in the control group, 0.12±0.02 in the model group, and 0.21±0.02 in the curcumin intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier is impaired in rats with NAFLD. Curcumin can reduce such damage, and its mechanism of action may be related to up-regulating the expression of occludin in the intestinal mucosa and reducing the levels of TNFα and LPS.