Wnt signaling pathway is an conserved signaling pathway.Three signaling pathways are typically described for Wnt proteins:the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway,the noncanonical pathways including the polar cell polarity pathway and the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway.The complex components have diverse roles in regulating lung development and lung diseases.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) is one of chronic lung diseases based on the immature lung due to inflammation damage and abnormal repair of pulmonary fibrosis after injury.This paper reviewed the roles of Wnt pathway in lung development,inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in hope of revealing potential links between Wnt pathway and BPD.

Objective:To investigate the influence ofexosomes tumor vaccine on immunity and grouth ofmouse hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft in mice.Methods:Hepatoma carcinoma H22 cell-derived exosomes were isolated and purified from the culture supernatants by serial ultracentrifugation and sugar density ultracentrifugation.BALB/c mice inoculated with H22 cell were used as tumor models.The mice inoculated with H22 cell were divided into two groups at random:exosomes group and PBS control group.15 days later,the mice were killed;then the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated.The spleens and thymuses were weighed,and the effect of exosomes on spleens and thymus index was determined.The proliferation and cytotoxicity of splenocytes were detected by MTT assay.The level of IL-2 and INF-? in splenocyte culture supernants was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA).Results:Exosomes cancer vaccine depressed the growth of tumor remarkably,and its tumor inhibitory rate was 42.38%.Compared with these in PBS control group,the spleen indexes and thymus indexes of mice bearing tumor in experiment group were increased(P

Objective To explore the effect of different antifreeze or antioxidant at different cryopreservation conditions on the activity and the morphology of adipose cells.Methods After purification,fat granules were divided into 5 groups; the same volume of antifreeze or antioxidants were added in each group,stored at-20℃ (refrigerator),-80℃ (ultra-low-temperature refrigerator) and-196 ℃ (liquid nitrogen) ; the amount of glucose transfer was determined and the morphological changes were observed for each group after two weeks,two months,and three months.Results Fat activity of the group adding both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trehalose was significantly higher than that in other groups at the same temperature and the same time point.The decreased amount of glucose transfer of 80℃ group and 196℃ group was significantly lower than that of 20℃ group,and that in groups of each 196℃ were greater than that in groups of each 80℃.Conclusions Antifreeze can obviously keep activity of fat cells.Preservative effect of DMSO is better than trehalose,and that of both combination is much better.Liquid nitrogen storage of adipose tissue for three months and fat granules stored at 80℃ for two months are still suitable for clinical use.

Tomato big bud mycoplasma-like organism (TBB-MLO) Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and P. solanacearum was detected by using ELISA and Dot-ELISA methods. The risults showed that to detect TBB-MLO and P. solanacearum Dot-ELISA was about 50—100 times sensitive than ELISA method, but to detect TSWV it gave same results of both methods.

Objective To observe the morphological changes by different electron beam radiation methods and different triamcinolone acetonide treatments on the role of hypertrophic scar of rabbit ear,and to explore the optimal treatment for the rabbit ear scar.Methods The ventral rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model was established,and intervention began at 28 days after surgery.The animals were randomly divided into control group (group A),saline group (group B),surgery plus saline group (group C),triamcinolone acetonide group (group D),surgery plus triamcinolone group (group E),and electron beam group (group F),2 days after surgical electron beam group (group G),and 7 days after surgical electron beam group (group H).HE stain,VG stain,toluidine blue stain,CD34 and Alpha-SMA immunohistochemical staining were performed,and comparied on histomorphology of each group.Results Collagen fibers observed showed that there was no statistically significance between groups A and B,groups D and G and groups F and H (P＞0.05),and the difference was statistically significant between other groups (P＜0.05).Mast cells were not typical by toluidine blue staining.The microvascular observation showed there was no statistically significance between groups A and B,groups F and H,and groups G and H (P＞0.05),and the difference was statistically significant between other groups (P＜0.05).Myofibroblasts showed no statistically significance between the groups A and B (P＞0.05),but the difference was statistically significant between other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with electron beam radiation methods,triamcinolone acetonide injection is a better treatment.Early postoperative radiotherapy is better than late.Triamcinolone acetonide or electron beam radiation combined with surgery is better than simple treatment.

Objective To explore the best way and the security of hypertrophic scar treatment by surgery combined with isotopic 90 Sr-90 Y or triamcinolone acetonide.Methods Hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears were divided into direct treatment group (Group A received 90 Sr-90Y irradiation,Group D received triamcinolone acetonide),two days 90 Sr-90 Y irradiation after surgery repair group (Group B),one week treatment after surgery repair group (Group C received 90Sr-90 Y irradiation,Group E received triamcinolone acetonide),saline injection group (Group F received saline directly,Group G received saline injection after surgical repair one week later),Group H received nothing,and then the histological changes were compared in each group.Results The 90Sr-90 Y exposure groups (Groups A,B,C) and triamcinolone acetonide injection groups (Groups D and E),the number of fibroblasts,collagen fiber surface density,microvessel counts and α-SMA-positive particle optical density values were significantly lower than the saline groups (Groups F,G) and blank control group.The most obvious group was Group B; Groups A,C,D,and E were not statistically significant.The number of melanoma cells of 90Sr-90Y exposure group (Groups A,B,and C) was significantly lower than other groups,with statistically significant difference.Atypical cells were not found in 90Sr-90 Y applicator exposure group.Conclusions Isotope 90 Sr-90 Y and triamcinolone acetonide inhibits the proliferation of the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar,the scar tissue fibrosis is reduced significantly,but there is no significant difference between the two effects.Early isotope 90 Sr-90 Y intervention on hypertrophic scar can achieve better results.Hypertrophic scar by isotope 90 Sr-90 Y radiation is easy to cause depigmentation,but generally does not cause cancer.

mTOR signaling pathway is a highly conserved intracellular signaling pathway,which partici-pates in several signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AKT/TSC1-TSC2/Rheb/mTOR, LKB1-AMPK-TSC-mTOR and FGF-10-Spry2-mTORC1-STAT3/HIF-1α-VEGF-A. mTOR signaling implicate in the regulation of the development of lung and many pulmonary diseases in many aspects,may be connected to bron-chopulmonary dysplasia. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the very common chronic lung diseases in pre-term,physical and chemical factors have been shown to induce acute lung injury, aberrant wound healing and lung fibrosis in the immature lung. This review summarizes relationship of mTOR signaling among lung develop-ment,acute lung injury and lung fibrosis,to explore the role of mTOR signaling in the development of bronchop-ulmonary dysplasia,in hope of providing novel method in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

This paper discussed the characteristics,contents and implementation of quality education of medical students during basic education.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Bone is commonly affected in the context of metastatic breast cancer.Once bone metastasis happens, patient would experience poor prognosis and impaired quality of life.However, there is a lack of approaches for more sensitive and specific diagnosis and treatments for breast cancer bone metastasis.Thus, it is im-perative to find new treatment target from molecular mechanism.In this paper, we review the current research progress on the molecular mechanism from several levels including gene profile, proteins and microRNAs.We also review the establishment of animal models of breast cancer bone metastasis.With the achievements acquired in the completed or undergoing researches on breast cancer bone metasta-sis, we hope the finding of the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic targets could lead the breast cancer research into a new era.

The bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),one of the most common complications in prema-ture infants,has become one of the most difficult problems in neonatal intensive care unit. The molecular mecha-nism of BPD is extremely complicated,of which the pathogenesis process requires the participation of many sig-nal transduction pathways. This article summarizes the probable relationship of mitogen activated protein kinases signal pathways,nuclear factor-κB pathways,transforming growth factor beta pathways,Wnt pathways,mTOR pathways with BPD.