Simulated teaching method is a necessary complement to theoretical teaching of health law,which meets the practical-oriented reform need and cultivates students with the literacy as a legal professional.The teaching method demands more requirements on teachers,students,teaching materials,organizational management,and more attention on contextual design,preparation details,implementation activities and evaluation of teaching.

Constructivism educational theory can provide a useful guidelines for health law education,this article finds the association of constructivist theory for health law education reform,and combined the with application of relevant theories on teaching practice experience,it also discusses how to provide a real promotion for the"students'first"concept.

Objective To understand the cooperation experiences of doctors and nurses from the Infectious Department,that may be contributive to promote a harmonious relationship between doctors and nurses.Methods Sixteen nurses and nine doctors came from Infectious Department were interviewed.The data were collected through face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews.Thematic analysis based on Qualitative Research method,qualitative content analysis was used for data interpretation by analysis and management.Results Three themes were identified and described as the cooperation experiences between doctors and nurse,the cooperation troubles,suggestions about promoting a harmonious relationship between doctors and nurses.Conclusion Harmonious relationship is particularly important in the clinical work,but in fact,there are many factors affect the harmonious relationships,so it is recom-mended that hospital leaders should take measures to build a harmonious relationship between doctors and nurses.

Objective To use the flow cytometry to detect the platelet vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein(VASP)phospho-rylation level and to evaluate the clopidogrel curative effect after PCI.Methods 17 cases in the control group without any drug in-tervention and 26 cases of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after PCI operation with clopidogrel were selected.Platelet VASP phos-phorylation levels at being selecting and on 7 d after anti-platelet therapy were detected by the flow cytometry and the platelet reac-tivity index (PRI)was calculated.Results The PRI after anti-platelet therapy in the ACS group was decreased significantly,the difference between before treatment and after treatment had statistical significance (P <0.05 ).Conclusion The platelet VASP phosphorylation level detected by the flow cytometry can specifically evaluate the effect of clopidogrel.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influential factors associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHOD: Retrospective analyzed the following visual analog scale(VAS) before and after the specific immunotherapy of 219 patients with allergic rhinitis. Logistic regression and pair t-test were used to explore the key factors influencing the prognosis. RESULT: (1) The gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy (P < 0.05) were associated with the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy, while family history, the age of specific immunotherapy, number of allergens and stitches and with other allergic diseases (P > 0.05) were not associated with the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy; (2) Compared VAS of different endpoints with VAS before the treatment,there were significant differences. The primary endpoints were the time following no more than half a year (total effective rate: 50.0%), half a year to 1 year (total effective rate: 51.7%), 1 to 2 year (total effective rate: 47.1%), 2 to 3 year (total effective rate: 54.5%) and over 3 year (total effective rate: 40.7%). CONCLUSION Apart from the gender and the VAS before specific immunotherapy,genetic and other factors can not significant influence the long-term effect of specific immunotherapy. The effect of specific im- munotherapy seems to last for 3 years at least. Increasing stitches can not improve long-term effect of SIT,but it can consolidate the effect. The long-term effect of specific immunotherapy tends to drop off with fluctuations over time and the higher of VAS before SIT,the better effect of long-term SIT. Further more, the long-term effect of SIT of male is worse than female. In consequences, we speculate epigenetics related to the interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors plays an important role in the long-term effect of allergic rhinitis specific immunotherapy.
Allergens ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

Objective In order to identify cytotoxicity and specificity of the suicide gene systems which vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(KDR) and CMV were used as promoters respectively. Methods Two cell lines, HUVEC and CNE-2, one expresses KDR highly,another doesn't, were used as target cells for identifying the cytotoxicity and specificity of recombinant adenoviral vectors with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene expression driven by KDR promoter and CMV promoter respectively (pAdKDR-tk and pAdCMV-tk) in Vitro by adding GCV. Results HUVEC and CNE-2 showed similarly sensitivity to GCV when they were transfected by pAdCMV-tk. However, They shown different sensitivity to GCV when they were transfected by pAdKDR-tk. When HUVEC was transfected in high MOI (MOI=100) and concentration of GCV was 50 ?g/ml, The cell growth rate decreased to (23.12?4.90)% .On the contrary, CNE-2 cells growth rate remained as high as (70.46 ?3.27)%. Conclusion Two kinds of cell line CNE-2 and HUVEC can be killed by pAdCMV-tk suicide gene system, but pAdKDR-tk suicide gene system only can kill HUVEC cell line. The result implied that pAdKDR-tk could kill the cells that express KDR specifitly.

Objective To evaluated the treatment results of late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods 72 patients with advanced esophageal cancer were randomized into two groups. The late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(LCAF+CT)group received the induction chemotherapy for two cycles, followed by conventional fractionation radiotherapy to a dose of 36 Gy, then changed into accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 ~ 66 Gy. The conventional fractionation radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(CF+CT)group received the chemotherapy that it was similar to LCAF+CT group, and used the conventional fractionation radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 ~ 66 Gy. Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.3 %, 51.6 %, 38.2 % in the LCAF+CT group, and 73.8 %, 31.5 %, 18.6 % in the CF+CT group. The differences of 3- and 5-year survival rates were statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion Late-coures accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy might improve the treatment efficacy of advanced esophageal cancer and lengthen the suvival time. The toxic and side effects of LCAF+CT group were more severe than those of CF+CT group, but they were well tolerable.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism underlying insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake during low-flow myocardial ischemia. METHODS: The expression of myocardial GLUT1 polypeptide was determined by semiquantitative immunoblotting. The expression of GLUT1 mRNA was determined by semiquantitative Northern blotting. RESULTS: After infusing insulin during low- flow myocardial ischemia for 8 h，the expression of both GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT1 polypeptide was significantly higher in experimental myocardium than that in normal myocardium. The glucose uptake was upregulated at the same time in the exprimental myocardium. CONCLUSION: Insulin enhances the expression of GLUT1 mRNA and GLUT1 polypeptide in ischemic myocardial regions. GLUT1 expression may be an important mechanism by which myocardial cells enhance glucose uptake and metabolism during low-flow myocardial ischemia.

Objective: To investigate whether there is additi ve effects of hyperinsulinemia and ischemia on expression of canine myocardial G LUT4 gene in vivo. Methods: The expression of myocardial GLU T4 was determined by semiquantitative immunoblotting.The expression of GLUT4 mRN A was determined by semiquantitative Northern blotting. Results: Dramatic changes were seen in GLUT4 mRNA and GLUT4 expression in the ischemic hearts.After infusing insulin for 8 h,regional GLUT4 mRNA and GLUT4 levels in is chemic hearts were 2.5, 2.3-fold that of expression in normal hearts(P<0.01 ). Myocardial glucose uptake in ischemic hearts was increased by 4-fold when co mpared with normal hearts(P<0.01). Conclusion: There are not only additive effects of hyperinsulinemia and low-flow ischemia on canine myoc ardial GLUT4 mRNA and GLUT4 expression in vivo, but also increase of myocar dial glucose uptake. Enhanced GLUT4 expression may be an important protective m echanism by which myocardial cells enhance glucose uptake and metabolism during low-flow ischemia.

Objective: To investigate whether insulin stimulates the translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and glucose uptak e in ischemic myocardium. Methods: Plasma concentration of gluc ose, lactate, free fatty acid and insulin were determined by autoanalyser, and G LUT4 was studied by Western blotting analysis. Results: Insulin increased GLUT4 significantly in sarcolemma of ischemic myocardium ［(25±4)% vs (40±6)%］, and GLUT4 content in intracellular membrane decreased proporti onally. The glucose uptake increased significantly in insulin-ischemic myocardi um. The uptake of insulin-ischemic myocardium was almost 2 times that of ischem ic myocardium. Conclusion: Insulin stimulation results in GLUT4 translocation and increases glucose uptake in ischemic myocardium. When myocardi al ischemia occurs, insulin is helpful in increasing myocardial glucose uptake a nd utilization.