ObjectiveTo provide reference for the prevention and treatment of common chronic diseases,and to discuss the relationship between disease and lifestyle.Methods Residents survey Questionnaire was made.All the residents from Capital Airport Community has been investigated.Results The top ten diseases in this area were:hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,dyslipidemia,osteoporosis,cervical spondylosis,chronic bone and joint disease,hemorrhoids,cataracts,and benign prostatic hyperplasia.ConclusionChronic disease and lifestyle of the inhabitants from the region are closely related.

Objective To introduce the method of C2,3 pedicle screw fixation for management of unstable Hangman fractures and evaluate the clinical effects.Methods From October 2001 to October 2005,26 cases with unstable Hangman fractures were treated using Axis and Vertex pedicle screw system.According to the classification system designed by Levine depending on the radiological manifestations of Hangman fractures,there were unstable fractures in 26 cases,who were subdivided into type Ⅱ in 11 cases,type ⅡA in 10 cases and type Ⅲ in 5 cases.There were 18 males and 8 females,aging from 21 to 56 years with an average of 38.5 years.According to Frankel scale,graded as spinal injury D in 6 cases and E in 20 cases.Points of entry for C2 screw insertion were located at the entrance at the posterior aspect of lateral mass.The drill bit was parallel to both of the medial and superior border of C2 pars interarticularis(usually 15?-25? cephalad to the transverse plane and 20?-25? medial to the sagittal plane).The screw hole in the posterior cortex was overdrilled.3.5-4.0 mm screws(26-30 mm,determined by depth gauge)were drived in after the cortex being tapped.The points of screw penetration for the C3 pedicles was slightly lateral to the center of the articular mass and close to the inferior margin of the inferior articular process of the cranially adjacent vertebra.The insertion angle of the pedicle screw was 35?-45? medial to the midline in the transverse plane.3.5-4.0 mm screws,determined by depth gauge were drived in after the cortex being tapped.The whole procedure was done under monitoring of "C"-arm fluoroscopy for safety and accuracy.Results All patients were followed up from 6 to 54 months,with the average of 29 months.There were no screw loosing and breakage,and no spinal cord and vertebral artery injury after surgery.3 screws were placed too close to the vertebral artery canal in C2 and 7 screws in C3,but without clinical consequences.There were 16 cases in excellent,7 good,3 fair according to Mayo(McGrory)scores.Conclusion C2,3 pedicle screw fixation is a effected method for management of unstable Hangman fractures,which proved its value as a method achieving solid bony fusion combined with low rate of complications.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound (BUS), computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A total of 74 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis who received a liver transplantation was included in this study. We compared the postoperative pathological results with preoperative imaging findings (BUS, CT, and MRI). An assessment was made in respect of the accuracy in tumor size (a diagnostic accordance was defined as

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of suprasternal mini-thyroidectomy.Methods A total of 15 patients with nodular goiter underwent suprasternal mini-thyroidectomy(2.5-3.5 cm in incision at length) with ultrasonic scalpel.Results All operations including unilateral partial thyroidectomy(n=4),unilateral subtotal thyroidectomy(n=2) and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy(n=9)were completed successfully.The mean operation time was 46 minutes(range,30-65 minutes).The intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 ml,except 25 ml in one patient.No complications occurred except superficial Ⅱ degree skin burn in 2 patients.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.8 days(range,1-3 days).All the patients were followed up for 8-10 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusions Suprasternal mini-thyroidectomy is feasible and safe with certain cosmetic effects.

Aiming at the problems in the post competency training of eight year clinical medical students such as the deficiency of humanistic spirit and communication ability,insufficient capacity of clinical skills training and clinical problem-solving,the lacl of academic research ability and innovative spirit,and according to the practical requirements for clinical personnel,we elaborated the required post competence for eight-year medical students on the basis of its basic concept and intention.We proposed strengthening the cultivation of eight-year medical students by improved course plan and cultivation process,perfected assessment system,enhanced construction of teachers in order to make the students competent to their posts,and we also made some beneficial attempts in formulating and implementing the talent training scheme based on post competency.

Objective To explore the feasibility and application value of combined C2 laminar screw fixation technique in treatment of cervical vertebral injury. Methods Dense axial CT scanning was done on C2 laminar of 32 specimens of cervical vertebra to measure the length and height of the axis, the thickness of upper, middle and lower parts of the axis as well as the angle between the axial ray and the sagittal plane. There were eight patients with cervical vertebral injury including two with type Ⅱ odon-told process fractures combined with backward dislocation of atlanto-axial joint, one with forward disloca-tion of atlanto-axial joint, one with nonunion of odontoid process fractures, two with type Ⅲ odontoid process fractures combined with atlanto-axial joint instability and transverse ligament rupture, one with type Ⅱ Hangman fracture combined with instability of C2～3 and one with forward dislocation of atlanto-axial joint combined with transverse ligament rupture. With accomplishment of traction reduction, combined fixation with axis laminar screws and posterior autogenous lilac graft fusion were done based on injury se-verity of the patients. Results The length and height of axis laminar was (26.2±1.2) mm and (12.8±1.6) mm, respectively. The thickness of upper, middle and lower parts of the C2 laminar was (3.0±1.4) mm, (6.0±1.6) mm and (5.6±1.2) mm, respectively. The mean angle between the axial ray and sagittal plane was 43.5°. All patients were followed up for 6-14 months ( mean 6 months), which showed that all patients obtained favourable bone union and all screws remained at sound position, without deflexion of the screws or any perioperative or postoperative complications. No screw loosening or breakage occurred. Conclusions C2 laminar screw fixation technique can prevent the risk of vertebral artery injury during screw insertion. In the meantime, such technique is simple to operate and free from limitation of the vertebral artery in the cervical foramen. Whole course of visualization during C2 laminar screw insertion may facilitate it as a supplementary method for conventional posterior C2 screw fixation.

Objective To study the effects and the mechanism of exogenous carbon monoxide on apoptosis of rat intestinal cells during endotoxemia. Methods The experimental rats were divided into 6 groups:control group, LPS(lipopolysaccharide: 5 mg/kg) group, CO inhalation(250?10~ -6) group, CO intraperitoneal injection(2 ml/kg) group, LPS(LPS 5 mg/kg) with CO inhalation(250?10~ -6) group and LPS(LPS 5 mg/kg) with CO intraperitoneal injection(2 ml/kg) group. The PaO_2, PaCO_2, SO_2 and COHb were monitored by blood gas analysis. The rat intestine malondialdehyde(MDA) was determined by thiobarbitric acid method and superoxide dismutase(SOD) was determined by hydroxylamine method after the rats were treated for 1, 3 and 6 hours. We also checked the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells with flow cytometry(FCM). We also monitored the pathological changes with HE staining. Results Low concentration CO(250?10~ -6) inhalation and CO intraperitoneal injection(2 ml/kg) did not cause hypoxia. Comparing to control group and endotoxemia group,the intestineal MDA of the endotoxemic rats decreased after exposure to exogenous CO and the SOD activation increased. The apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells decreased after exposure to exogenous CO. On the apoptosis of endotoxemia rat intestinal cells, the effect of CO intraperitoneal injection was earlier than that of CO inhalation, but the effect of CO inhalation last longer. Conclusion Low concentration CO(250?10~ -6) inhalation and low dose CO(2 ml/kg) intraperitoneal injection were safe to rat. Exposure to exogenous CO could protect rat intestine against endotoxemia by inhibiting the apoptosis of intestinal cells. The effect of intraperitoneal CO injection was earlier than that of CO inhalation, but the effect of CO inhalation could last for longer than intraperitoneal CO injection.

Objective To explore the sleep quality and its influencing factors among the patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in the rural areas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.MethodsTotally 296 patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in the rural areas were selected from 2 counties of Wuzhong and Zhongwei in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region by using cluster random sampling method.Self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality.Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) were used to measure the psychotic symptoms,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms,respectively.ResultsIn the rural areas,the incidence of sleep disorder in the patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations was 84.5%.The influencing factors of sleep disorder in the patients with schizophrenia in the rural areas were age(B=0.055,P=0.012,OR=1.057,95%CI:1.012-1.103),nationality(B=2.250,P<0.01,OR=9.485,95%CI:2.701-33.319),marital status(B=-1.506,P=0.003,OR=0.222,95%CI:0.081-0.605),course of disease(B=-0.003,P=0.089,OR=0.997,95%CI:0.993-1.001),the total score of HAMD(B=0.079,P=0.007,OR=1.083,95%CI:1.021-1.148)and the total score of HAMA(B=0.060,P=0.036,OR=1.061,95%CI:1.004-1.122).ConclusionSleep disorders are common and associated with multiple factors in patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in Ningxia rural area.In clinical practice,more attention should be paid to the identification and intervention of sleep disorders,so as to improve the sleep quality for the patients with schizophrenia.

Background Anti-VEGF drugs are generally applied in the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.However,the therapy effect is unsatisfactory in some patients.Studing the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1),a upstream regulatory gene of VEGF,and its limiting enzyme prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) is of important clinical significance.Objective This study was to investigate the negtive regulation of exogeneous PHDs on HIF-1 pathway in human RPE cells.Methods pFLAG-PHD1,pFLAG-PHD2 and pFLAG-PHD3 plasmids were constructed by extracting RNA from Hela cell line and coloning PHD1,PHD2 and PHD3 using reverse transcription PCR with restriction enzyme.The plasmids were identified by gene sequencing.ARPE-19 cells were cultured at 21％ O2 (normoxia group),1％ O2 (hypoxia group),or in hypoxia-mimicking agents (CoCl2,anoxia group),respectively,and then were transfected with plasmids encoding FLAG-tagged PHD1,PHD2,PHD3 and pFLAGCMV2 transfected cells served as blank control.The expressional intensities of PHD1,PHD2 and PHD3 in the cells were detected and compared among different groups by using Western blot assay.The transcriptional activity of HIF-1 in the cells was evaluated with dual luciierase reporter assay.Results Western blot assay showed that PHD1,PHD2 and PHD3 all were expressed in ARPE-19 cells in the normoxia group,hypoxia group and anoxia group.The expression was strong in PHD2 protein and was weak in PHD3 protein,a statistically significant difference was found between PHD2 protein expression and PHD1 or PHD3 expressions (all at P＜0.05).Endogenous HIF-1 activity was elevated in pFLAG-CMX transfected cells in the hypoxia group and anoxia group than that in the normoxia group.Compared with pFLAG-CMX transfected cells,no obvious change was seen in the endogenous HIF-1 activity in the normoxia group,however,HIF-1 activity was declined in the hypoxia group and anoxia group after pFLAG-PHD1,pFLAG-PHD2 or pFLAG-PHD3 transfection.Under the same oxygen environment,HIF-1 activity was lower in the pFLAG-PHD2 transfected cells than that in the pFLAG-PHD1 or pFLAG-PHD3 transfected cells (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions PHDs play a negative regulation to HIF-1 activating pathway in human RPE cells,especially in hypoxia and anoxia cells.Among PHDs proteins,PHD2 presents the strongest inhibition on HIF-1 activating pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence of clinical results of early low frequency training for acute Achilles tendon rupture after anchors repair.Methods A total of 35 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were treated with early low frequency training after anchors repair,including 28 males and 7 females.Aged 18 to 37 years, mean 26 years old.Duration 2h to 5d from injury to therapy.All patients palpated the discontinuity of Achilles tendon, limitative activity of ankle plantar flexion,Thompson test was positive,and MRI examination was taken.Results 35 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months,with an average follow -up of 14.5 months.According to the Amer-Lindholm score,excellent in 30 cases,good in 5 cases,the good rate was 100%.All the wounds were healed, without infection,dehiscence,sural nerve injury and re -rupture occurred.Conclusion Early low frequency training after anchors repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture is safe and reliable,patients can receive a better functional outcome.